阅读理解专题四顺藤摸瓜明辨词义猜测类题目.docx
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阅读理解专题四顺藤摸瓜明辨词义猜测类题目.docx
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阅读理解专题四顺藤摸瓜明辨词义猜测类题目
专题四“顺藤摸瓜”---明辨词义猜测类题目
Ⅰ.体验高考
Passage1
体裁:
说明文 话题:
科学研究 时间:
6分钟
(2014·广东卷,D)Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents(洋流).Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhightechequipment.However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyears'experience,hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswap_meetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.
Ebbesmeyerfoundoutinhisresearchesthattheshoes-about60,000intotal-fellintotheoceaninashippingaccident.Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected,thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment.Ifhelearnedwhenandwheretheshoeswentintothewaterandtrackedwheretheylanded,hecouldlearnalotaboutthepatternsofoceancurrents.
ThePacificNorthwestisoneoftheworld'sbestareasforbeachcombing(海滩搜寻)becausewindsandcurrentsjoinhere,andasaresult,thereisagroupofseriousbeachcombersinthearea.Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded.Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1,600shoes.Withthisdata,heandacolleaguewereabletotestandimproveacomputerprogramdesignedtomodeloceancurrents,andpublishthefindingsoftheirstudy.
Astheresultofhiswork,Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.Hehasevenstartedanassociationofbeachcombersandoceanexperts,with500subscribersfromWestAfricatoNewZealand.Theyhaverecordedalllostobjectsrangingfrompotatoestogolfgloves.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文,介绍了一种研究洋流的特别方式。
1.TheunderlinedphraseswapmeetsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.
A.fittingroomsB.tradingfairs
C.businesstalksD.groupmeetings
解析 词义猜测题。
由前面的somanyshoes和后面的totryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear,特别是sell,可知是建立交易市场,故选B。
答案 B
2.Ebbesmeyerphonedtheshoecompanytofindout________.
A.whatcausedtheshippingaccident
B.whenandwheretheshoeswentmissing
C.whetheritwasallrighttousetheirshoes
D.howmuchtheylostintheshippingaccident
解析 事实细节题。
由第二段二、三、四句“Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected,thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment”可知,选C。
答案 C
3.HowdidEbbesmeyerprovehisassumption?
A.Bycollectinginformationfrombeachcombers.
B.Bystudyingtheshoesfoundbybeachcombers.
C.Bysearchingthewebforoceancurrentsmodels.
D.Byresearchingoceancurrentsdatainthelibrary.
解析 事实细节题。
由第三段第二句Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthem(seriousbeachcombers)andaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded及其后几句可知,选A,“通过海滩清理者收集信息”。
答案 A
4.Ebbesmeyerismostfamousfor________.
A.travelingwidelythecoastalcitiesoftheworld
B.makingrecordsforanylostobjectsonthesea
C.runningaglobalcurrentsresearchassociation
D.phoningaboutanydoubtfulobjectsonthesea
解析 事实细节题。
由第四段第一句Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean可知,选D。
答案 D
5.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?
A.Tocallpeople'sattentiontooceanpollution.
B.Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.
C.Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.
D.Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.
解析 主旨大意题。
文章主题句在第一段,即However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage,由此可知选C。
答案 C
Passage2
体裁:
说明文 话题:
旅鸽 时间:
6分钟
(2014·课标Ⅰ卷)Passengerpigeons(旅鸽)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.
Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons-anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller,aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles(about515kilometers)longwasseennearCincinnati.
Sadly,theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasaneverlastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.
Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans'needforwood,whichscattered(驱散)theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.
In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons,butbythen,nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty,Ohio,in1900.Foratime,afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem,knownaffectionatelyasMartha,diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.
【语篇导读】 本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。
1.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons________.
A.werethebiggestbirdintheworld
B.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmerica
C.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironment
D.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS
解析 事实细节题。
根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪,美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时,所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的,故选D。
答案 D
2.Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons'________.
A.escapeB.ruin
C.liberationD.evolution
解析 词义猜测题。
根据文章第三段中“Wherethebirdswereabundant...bythethousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀,所以ruin和undoing词义相似,故选B。
答案 B
3.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?
A.Toseekpleasure.B.Tosaveotherbirds.
C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.
解析 事实细节题。
根据文章第二段中“Commercialhuntersattractedthem...soldinrestaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。
故选C。
答案 C
4.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?
A.Itwasignoredbythepublic.
B.Itwasdeclaredtoolate.
C.Itwasunfair.
D.Itwasstrict.
解析 推理判断题。
根据文章最后一段中“In1897,thestateof...for10years”可知通过法律后的10年,鸽群数量仍然不多,所以制定法律为时已晚,故选B。
答案 B
Ⅱ.仿真、模拟
Passage1
体裁:
说明文 话题:
卫生保健 时间:
7分钟
(2014·鹰潭一中月考)FiveBoomingCareersinHealthCare
Lovingwhatyoudoisgreat,butknowingyourcareerwillbetheretomorrowisevenbetter.Andwhenitcomestoboomingfields,thehealthcareindustryisonethat'sprimedforgrowth.
Wanttopreparetotakeyourplaceinthehealthcarefield?
Checkoutthesefiveindemandhealthcarecareers.
Career1MedicalandHealthServicesManager
Ifyouwanttotakeyourleadershipskillsintothegrowinghealthcarefield,considerpursuingacareerasamedicalandhealthservicesmanager.
Asamedicalandhealthservicesmanageryoumightplan,direct,andorganizehealthservicesinanentirehealthcarefacility,oraspecificdepartmentorclinicalarea,saysU.S.DepartmentofLabor.Dailydutiescouldincludehandlingafacility'sfinances,creatingworkschedules,andmakingsurethathealthcareservicesaredeliveredefficiently.
Career2MedicalAssistant
Ifyouareinterestedinworkinginadoctor'soffice,considerpreparingforacareerintheindemandfieldofmedicalassisting.
Asamedicalassistant,youcouldplayaroleinhelpingpatients'visitsgosmoothlyfromwhentheyfirstwalkinthedoor.Yourdutiesmightincludemeasuringvitalsigns,assistingthephysicianwithexaminations,recordinghealthinformation,andschedulingappointments,accordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofLabor.
Career3RegisteredNurse
Readytoputyourhelpfulnaturetouseinthelargesthealthcarefield?
Lookintopreppingtopursueacareerinregisterednursing.
Asaregisterednurse,youcouldworkcloselywithpatientsbyprovidingcare,education,andemotionalsupport.Youmightgivepatientsmedicinesandtreatments,observetheirconditions,orperformdiagnostic(诊断的)tests,saystheU.S.DepartmentofLabor.
Career4PhysicalTherapistAssistant
Wanttoenteranindemandhealthcarefieldwhereyoucouldreallyplayahandsonroleinhelpingpatientsrestoretheirphysicalfunctionality?
Ifso,acareerasaphysicaltherapistassistantcouldbeagoodfit.
Underthesupervisionofaphysicaltherapist,youcouldhelppatientsregainmovementastheyrecoverfrominjuries,illnesses,orsurgery.Yourroleintherehabilitationprocesscouldincludeassistingpatientswithtechniques(massage,stretching)andtherapeuticmethodslikeelectricalstimulationandmechanicaltraction,saystheU.S.DepartmentofLabor.
Career5PharmacyTechnician
Preferahealthcarecareerthatislesshandson?
Considerpursuingacareerinthegrowingpharmacytechnicianfield.
Pharmacytechnicianscanberesponsibleforcountingpills,fillingprescriptions,providingcustomerservice,andfulfillingadministrativetasksunderthesupervisionofalicensedpharmacist,accordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofLabor.
【语篇导读】 本文客观介绍了关于卫生保健中五种职业。
1.Asamedicalassistant,yourdutiesmightNOTinclude________.
A.assistingthephysicianwithexaminations
B.recordinghealthinformation
C.schedulingappointments
D.providingcustomerservice
解析 细节理解题。
根据职业二医务助理我们可以判断出答案。
答案 D
2.Whichofthefollowin
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