翻译技巧.docx
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翻译技巧.docx
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翻译技巧
IntroductiontoTranslationTechniques:
一.词义的选择
Likechargesrepel;unlikechargesattract
Helikesmathematicsmorethanphysics.
Likeknowslike.
Heisthelastmantocome.
Heisthelastmantodoit.
Heisthelastpersonforsuchajob.
Heshouldbethelast(man)toblame.
Heisthelastmantoconsult.
二.词义的引伸
将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性的词
Thereisamixtureofthetigerandtheapeinthecharacteroftheimperialists.
Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns.
Heisathomeinthesaddle.
三.词类转译法
转译成动词
名词转译成动词
Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.
前置词转达译成动词
“Coming!
”Awaysheskimmedoverthelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheveranda,andintotheporch.
Ibarreledstraightahead,acrosstheharbourandoutoverthesea.
转译成名词
Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.
形容词转译成名词
Stevensonwaseloquentandelegant-----butsoft.
TheWildefamilywerereligious.
Theydidtheirbesttohelpthesickandthewounded.
Theywereconsideredinsincere.
副词转译成名词
Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.
名词转译成形容词
Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.
四.增词法
增加副词
Thecrowdsmeltedaway.
Ashesatdownandbegantalking,wordspouredout.
增加名词
Dayafterdayhecametohiswork-----sweeping,scrubbing,cleaning.
Firstyouborrow,thenyoubeg.
Thistypewriterisindeedcheapandfine.
Anewkindofaircraft—small,cheap,pilotless---isattractingincreasingattention.
在抽象名词后增加名词:
persuasion,preparation,backwardness,tension,arrogance,madness.
增加表示名词复数的词
Flowersbloomallovertheyard.
Thelionisthekingofanimals.
Theveryearthtrembledaswiththetrampsofhorsesandroarofangrymen.
增加表达时态的词
Thehigh-altitudeplanewasandstillisaremarkablebird.
增加量词
abikeamouthafullmoonabaddream
aredsunastream
增加概括词
theUnitedStates,England,FranceandRussia
militarily,politicallyandeconomically
Thethesissummedupthenewachievementsmadeinelectroniccomputers,artificialsatellitesandrockets.
五.重复法
重复英语中作表语的名词
Thishasbeenourposition---butnottheirs.
重复同位语的先行词:
Watercanbedecomposedbyenergy,acurrentofelectricity.
重复动词
Foragoodtenminutes,hecursedmeandmybrother.
Wetalkedofourselves,ofourprospects,ofthejourney,oftheweather,ofeachother---ofeverythingbutourhostandhostess.
重复代词
Hehatedfailure;hehadconquereditallhislife,risenaboveit,despiseditinothers.
适当运用四字词组:
Buttherehadbeentoomuchpublicityaboutmycase.
greatcontributions,gratitude,ingratitude,prosperity,eternalgloryto,vivid,hesitate,arrogance,grotesque,careless,inchaos,streetgossip,rumors
Ifthiswasatimeoftriumphforthemany,itwasapainfulperiodforthefew.
五.省略法
省代词
Weliveandlearn.
Shefelttheflowerswereinherfingers,onherlips,growinginherbreast.
Heshruggedhisshoulders,shookhishead,castuphiseyes,butsaidnothing.
省略连接词
省略并列连接词
Helookedgloomyandtroubled.
省略从属连接词
Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?
省略冠词
Thehorseisausefulanimal.
Themoonwasslowlyrisingabovethesea.
六.分句、合句法
分句法
TheChineseseemedjustifiablyproudoftheireconomicachievements.
They,notsurprisingly,didnotrespondatall.
Thatregionwasthemostidentifiabletroublespot.
Energycanneitherbecreatednordestroyed,auniversallyacceptedlaw.
Butanotherroundofwarintheregionclearlywouldputstrainsoninternationalrelations.
Hisfailuretoobservethesafetyregulationsresultedinanaccidenttothemachinery.
Theunexpectedreturnofhiswifegavehimabigsurprise.
合句法
Hewasveryclean.Hismindwasopen.
七.被动语态的译法
译成汉语主动句
Thewholecountrywasarmedinafewdays.
常用被动句型的翻译
不加主语:
Itishopedthat
Itisreportedthat
Itissaidthat
Itissupposedthat
Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat
Itmustbeadmittedthat
Itmustbepointedoutthat
Itwillbeseenfromthisthat
可加表泛指意义的主语:
Itisassertedthat
Itisbelievedthat
Itisgenerallyconsideredthat
Itiswellknownthat
Itwillbesaidthat
Itwastoldthat
译成汉语被动句
Ourforeignpolicyissupportedbythepeopleallovertheworld.
Theyweregivenaheartywelcome
IwassoimpressedbythesewordsthatIusedthemlaterforaChristmascard.
Thefamoushotelhadbeenpracticallydestroyedbythebigfire.
八.名词从句的译法
主语从句
Whateverhesawandheardonhistripgavehimaverydeepimpression.
Itdoesn’tmakemuchdifferencewhetherheattendsthemeetingornot.
Itseemedinconceivablethatthepilotcouldhavesurvivedtheaircrash.
Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings.
宾语从句
IalsotoldhimhowappealingIfoundtheoffer.
IregarditasanhonorthatIamchosentoattendthemeeting.
表语从句
Thisiswheretheshoepinches.
同位语从句
增加“即”(或“以为”)或用冒号、破折号分开
Itdoesnotalterthefactthatheisthemanresponsibleforthedelay.
Butconsideredrealistically,wehadtofacethefactthatourprospectswerelessthangood.
九.定语从句的译法
前置法
Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimlivedinmortalfearofhim.
Helikedhissister,whowaswarmandpleasant,buthedidnotlikehisbrother,whowasaloofandarrogant.
Afterdinner,thefourkeynegotiatorsresumedtheirtalks,whichcontinuedwellintothenight.
Itwasanoldwoman,tallandshapelystill,thoughwitheredbytime,onwhomhiseyesfellwhenhestoppedandturned.
后置法
TheyarestrivingfortheidealwhichisclosetotheheartofeveryChineseandforwhich,inthepast,manyChinesehavelaiddowntheirlives.
溶合法
Therearemanypeoplewhowanttoseethefilm.
译为状语从句:
Weknowthatacat,whoseeyescantakeinmanymoreraysoflightthanoureyes,canseeclearlyinthenight.
Thecrew,whowereallasleep,didn’tseetherock.
WillyoubuymeamagazinethatIcanreadonthejourney?
Electroniccomputers,whichhavemanyadvantages,cannotcarryoutcreativeworkandreplaceman.
Verysignificantadvancesinlasershavebeenmadeinthepastcoupleofyearsthatopenthedoortomorerapidprogressincommunications.
Cellswhicharenotcontinuouslyusedshouldbestoredinadischargedcondition.
Menbecomedesperateforwork,anywork,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies.
十、长句的译法
顺序法
OnAugust1,thegunboatbeganhermission,whichwas,intheeyesofthedefenders,aprovocativeactandseemedtobepartoftheoverallassaultwhichhadbegunonJuly31.
逆序法
ItwasourviewthattheUnitedStatescouldbeeffectiveinboththetasksoutlinedbythePresident----thatis,ofendinghostilitiesaswellasofmakingacontributiontoapermanentpeaceintheMiddleEast---ifweconductedourselvessothatwecouldremaininpermanentcontactwithalloftheseelementsintheequation.
综合法
ButwithoutAdolfHitler,whowaspossessedofademoniacpersonality,agranitewill,uncannyinstincts,acoldruthlessness,aremarkableintellect,asoaringimaginationand---untiltowardtheend,whendrunkwithpowerandsuccess,heoverreachedhimself—anamazingcapacitytosizeuppeopleandsituations,therealmostcertainlywouldneverhavebeenaThirdReich.
Andheknewhowashamedhewouldhavebeenifshehadknownhismotherandthekindofplaceinwhichhewasborn,andthekindofpeopleamongwhomhewasborn.
十一、其它较特殊的翻译技巧
一)正义反译和反义正译
1)英语从正面表达,译文从反面表达
Webelievethattheyoungergenerationwillproveworthyofourtrust.
我们相信,年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。
Thetargetiswrong,forinattackingthetests,criticsdivertattentionfromthefaultthatlieswithill-informedorincompetentusers.
把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的,因为在抨击这类测试时,批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
2)英语从反面表达,译文从正面表达
TheUnitedNationshasnot,sofar,justifiedthehopeswhichthepeopleoftheworldsetonit.
迄今为止,联合国辜负世界人民寄予的希望。
ManyagreedthatthePrimeMinisterhadineffectresigneddishonorably.
许多人认为首相辞职实际上是很丢面子的。
二)比较结构、固定搭配的翻译
1)“moreAthanB,lessBthanA,notsomuchBas/butA”意思相同,用法相似,可以译为“与其说是B,不如说是A”。
Teachingcanbemorelikeguidingandassistingthanforcinginformationintoasupposedlyemptyhead.
教学与其说是把知识灌输到假定为一片空白的头脑中,还不如说是对其进行引导和帮助。
Thepresentcrisisismoreapoliticalthananeconomicone.
目前的危机与其说是经济危机,还不如说是政治危机。
Itwasacuriousexchange,lessadebatethanaquarrelbetweentwoaggressivemen,andeachofthemdeterminedtoimpresstheaudienceasmorepeacefulthantheother.
这是一次奇妙的交谈,与其说是两个好斗的人之间的一场辩论,还不如是说是一次吵嘴,双方都竭力想使听众觉得自己比对方更爱和平。
Itisnotsomuchthesemoreflagranttransgressionsastheeverydayorganizationalwayoflifethatthreatensindividualfreedom.
危及个人自由的与其说是那罪恶昭彰的违法犯罪,还不如说是那千篇一律的生活方式。
Itwasn’tsomuchherappearanceIlikedasherpersonality.
与其说我喜欢她的外表,不如说我喜欢她的人品。
2)nomore…than与notanymorethan一样,表前后都否定,义为“和…..一样都不,不比….更”。
Theheartisnomoreintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.
心脏和胃一样无智力可言,因为它们都是由大脑控制的。
Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake,anymorethantheycanlimithowmuchwateryoudrink.
他们没有理由限制你服用多少维生素,正像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。
Thearchaeologists’effortsarenotdirectedatprovingthecorrectnessoftheBibleanymorethanbeliefinGodcanbescientificallydemonstrated.
考古学家的努力并不是要验证圣经的正确性,正如信仰上帝不能从科学上证明一样。
3)ratherthan通常表示否定,译成“而不是”。
Otherthan表示differentfrom,except,译成“不同于,除了”。
Ratherthanapunishmentoraburden,workistheopportunitytorealizeone’spotential.
工作不是惩罚,也不是负担,工作为个人潜力的发挥提供机会。
Wemissedthelastbussotherewasnochoiceotherthantowalkhome.
我们错过了最后一班公共汽车,所以除了步行回家别无选择。
4)not/all/but/onlytoo+adj./adv.todosth中的不定式表肯定。
I’monlytoopleasedtohelpyou.
Hisreportisbuttootruetobelieve.
I’llcomebackalltoosoontocatchthe10:
30train.
Sheisnottoofoolishtobelievehisstory.
5)cannot…too…,cannotover-v…:
canscarcely/hardly/never…too…(过分否定,导致肯定)
Thevalueoftheinformationheh
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