分词作状语3.docx
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分词作状语3.docx
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分词作状语3
分词作状语
分词在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
形式
意义
v.ing(doing)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,与句中谓语动词同时发生,或基本上同时发生。
Having+v.-ed(havingdone)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,先于谓语动词发生。
v.-ed(done)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系
语动词同时发生,一般作原因状语置于句
首。
谓语动词发生。
2.分词作状语的基本原则
1)分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保扌寺一豉。
2)分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系,否则不能使用分词雇状语。
1)Beingill,hedidn'tgotoschool.
2)Givenmuchmoretime,hewoulddoitbetter.
EgeHearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.(听见和进入两个动作同时发生)
Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary,(beingbuilt为现在分词的被动形式,表示动作正在进行之中。
)
Havingdonethework,hewenthome.完成了工作,他就回家了。
分词作状语
1•作时间状语
1)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttoplayfootball.
2)Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.
2•作原因状语
1)Notknowinghisaddress,shewenttoapolicemanforhelp.
2)Beingill,hewaslateforschool.
3.作伴随状语
1)Hestoodagainstthedoor,readinganewspaper.(表伴随情况)
2)Istayedupverylate,preparingmyspeech.血明轴节情浣)
4•作条件状语
1)Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.
2)Seenfromthetopofthehill,ourschoollooksverybeautiful.
5.作让步状语
Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.
6•作结果状语
1)Shewascaughtinaheavyrain,fallingilk
2)Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.
注:
现在分词作结果状语,表示由谓语动词部分所造成的结果。
1)表时间状语
Walkinginthestreet^Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.
(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet^Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)
Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.
2)表原因状语
Beingill,hedidn'tgotoschool.
既然你是一个学生,你就应该努力学习。
Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.
(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudy
hard.)
由于想到它或许在家,所以我就给他打了电话。
Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.
(AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.)
3)表方式、伴随情况的状语:
作伴随状语的分
词表示的动作,必须是主语的一个动祜,或基
与谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生,或
是对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步地补充说明。
Eg.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV)
他们笑着谈着走进了教室。
Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheclassroom.
他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。
Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(=Hestood
andleanedagainstthewall.)
4)表结果
Eg>Hermotherdiedin1990^leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.
(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwith
heryoungerbrother.)
全国到处在传唱这首歌曲,使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。
Thesongissungalloverthe
countrymakingitthemostpopularsong
5)表条件
Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.
(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)一直往前走,你就会看到一座白色的房子。
Walkingahead、youwillseeawhitehouse.
6)表让步
Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.
1)Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.
(伴随动作)
2)Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset(原因)
Usingyourhead,yoifllfindagood
way.条件
*歹MM
3)Workinghard,you,11surelysucceed.
条件
4)Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse,cuttingthebranch.伴随
5)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethe
news.方式、
6)(When)Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened.
=Whenheheardthenews,hegotfrightened.
(时间,可以在分词前保留when)
7)
Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoon
Practise:
(1)Theysetout_B_fortheboy.
A.searching;losingB.searching;lostCetosearch;lostD.searched;losing
(2)Thestudentsatthere,Dwhattodo.
A.doesiftknowingB.didiftknowingCenotknowD.notknowing
现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not(never)
(3)Hesatthere,withhisheadonhishand.
A.andthinkB.thinking
CethoughtDebeingthought
高考链接
leThesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,Balongspeechforthepresident.
A.ToprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing现在分词作伴随状语
2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries^Aitthemostpopularsportintheworld.
A.MakingB.makes—'•*■■"•WMA*A—
3.tyouread?
95MarysaidAtothenotice.
A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily
CeangrilypointD.andangrilypointing
现在分词作伴随状语
4.careply,hedecidedtowriteagain.
作原因状语
A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived
5.Ahistelephonenumber^shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.
A.NotknowingB.knowingnot
C.NothavingknownD.Havingnotknown
现在分词作原因状语,分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面O
leHavingnotseenthefilm,Ican^tellyouwhatIthinkofit・Nothaving
2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotan
extrapay.working
3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.Seeing
4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsare
helpfulcommunications,too.speaking
5•“Can^youread?
99themansaid,angrilypointedtothenoticeonthewalkpointing
6.Knockingatthedoorbeforeentering,please.Knock
7.Europeanfootballispl町edin80countries,madeitthemostpopularsportintheworld.making
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