高考英语阅读理解全程巩固训练8.docx
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高考英语阅读理解全程巩固训练8.docx
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高考英语阅读理解全程巩固训练8
2014高考英语阅读理解全程巩固训练(8)及答案
阅读理解-------D
(2013·东北三省三校第二次联考,D)
Deception(骗术)issomethingthatpeopledoallthetime,anditplaysanimportantroleinmilitary(军事的)strategy.Nowsomeresearchersaretryingtofigureouthowtogetrobotstodoit,bylookingatthebehaviorofsquirrelsandbirds.
AtGeorgiaTech,ateamledbyRonaldArkin,aprofessorattheSchoolofInteractiveComputing,studiedtheliteratureonsquirrelshidingtheiracorns(橡果).Squirrelswillhidetheirfoodinacertainplace,butwhentheyseeothersquirrelstryingtostealfromthem,theyattempttofoolthethievesbyrunningtoafalselocation.
RonaldArkinandhisPh.D.studentJaeeunShimusedthatasamodelforrobotbehavior.Theyprogrammedtherobotintotrickinga“predator(捕食者)”machinebydoingwhatasquirreldoes:
showingtheenemyafalselocationforanimportantresource.
Theteamalsolookedathowotheranimals—inthiscase,aspeciesofbirdcalledArabianbabbler—driveoffpredators.Ababblerwillmakeanalarmcallwhentheyseeapredatorandotherbabblerswilljointhebirdandmakemorecalls.Theythensurroundthepredator,allthewhileflapping(拍打)wingsandmakingnoises.Thebabblersdon'teveractuallyfighttheanimaltheywanttodriveoff;theyjustmakeenoughnoisesandflapsaroundenoughsothatitseemsthatattackingababblerisn'tworthit.
Theyfoundthatthedeceptionworkswhenthegroupreachesacertainsize—essentially,whenenoughbirdsarrivetoconvincetheenemythatit'sbesttobackoff.Davismodeledthatbehaviorinsoftwareusingamilitarysceneandfoundthatitworkedevenifthegroupdidn'thavethefirepowertoconfronttheenemydirectly.
Themilitaryisinterestedinthisbecausearobotthatcanfoolanopponentisavaluabletool.Itcouldleadanenemydownafalsetrailormakeitselflookmoredangerousthanitactuallyis.
文章大意:
本文是一篇议论文。
文章主要介绍了骗术在军事策略中起着重要的作用,一些研究人员正在通过研究松鼠和鸟类的活动,希望机器人能模仿这些行为,以便能有效地应用于军事中。
13.Whydoesthemilitarywanttotakeadvantageofsquirrels'trick?
A.Itcanreducetheuseoffirepowertoconfronttheenemy.
B.Itcanfooltheenemyintobelievingitismoredangerous.
C.Itcanleadtheenemyinawrongdirectiontoavoidlosingresources.
D.Itcanscaretheenemyawaywhowantstodestroytheacorns.
答案:
C 推理判断题。
根据文章第二段最后一句“...theyattempttofoolthethievesbyrunningtoafalselocation.”可知,松鼠为了保护自己的橡果不被其他松鼠吃掉,会朝别的方向奔跑,由此可推知,C项正确。
14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthewayArabianbabblersdriveoffpredators?
A.Onebirdmakesanalarmcallandotherbirdswilljoinit.
B.Theyfighttheenemybravelyfacetoface.
C.Theymakenoisesandflapsaroundthepredator.
D.Theyforcethepredatorawarethatitisn'tworthwhiletoattack.
答案:
B 细节理解题。
根据文章倒数第三段中Arabianbabbler赶走predator的过程可知,B项不是Arabianbabbler赶走掠夺者的方法。
故B项正确。
15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Animals'behaviorsareresearchedtobeappliedtothestudyofmilitaryrobots.
B.Robots'foolingtricksareappliedtothestudyofanimals'behaviors.
C.Birdsandsquirrelsaretheanimalsthataregoodatdeception.
D.Researchersareinterestedinanimals'militaryrelatedbehaviors.
答案:
A 主旨大意题。
通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了松鼠和Arabianbabbler在生存中如何利用骗术击退敌人保护自己的过程,研究人员希望机器人也能模仿这些行为,从而有效地运用于军事战略当中。
故A项正确。
阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。
A
Thedaywhenthejobswerehandedoutwasoneofthemostexcitingmomentsforallthechildrenintheclass.Ittookplaceduringthefirstweekoftheterm.Everykidwasgivenajobforwhichtheywouldberesponsiblefortherestofthatschoolyear.
Somejobsweremoreinterestingthanothers,andthechildrenwereeagertobegivenoneofthebestones.Whengivingthemout,theteachertookintoaccountwhichpupilshadbeenmostresponsibleduringthepreviousyear.DuringthepreviousyearRitahadcarriedouttheteacher’sinstructionsperfectly.AllthechildrenknewRitawouldbegiventhebestjob.
Buttherewasabigsurprise.Eachchildreceivedanormaljob.ButRita’sjobwasverydifferent.Shewasgivenalittleboxcontainingsomesandandoneant.Thoughtheteacherinsistedthatthisantwasveryspecial,Ritafeltdisappointed.Mostofherclassmatesfeltsorryforher.EvenherfatherbecameveryangrywiththeteacherandheencouragedRitatopaynoattentiontothisinsignificantpet.However,Ritapreferredtoshowtheteacherhererrorbydoingsomethingspecialwiththatjoboflittleinterest.
Ritastartedinvestigatingallaboutherlittleantandgavetheantthebestfood,anditgrewquiteabitbigger.
Oneday,aman,wholookedveryimportant,cameintotheirclassroomanddeclared,“Yourclasshasbeenchosentoaccompanyme,thissummer,onajourneytothetropicalrainforest,wherewewillinvestigateallkindsofinsects.Amongalltheschoolsofthisregion,yourclasshasbestcaredforthelittleant.”
Thatdaytheschoolwasfilledwithjoyandcelebration.EveryonethankedRitaforhavingbeensopatientandresponsible.Andmanychildrenlearntthattobegiventhemostimportanttaskyouhavetoknowhowtoberesponsibleeveninwhatarethesmallesttasks.
26.Whatdidtheteacherbasehisdecisiononwhengivingoutjobstothechildren?
A.Theircharactersandinterests.
B.Theirclassperformanceduringthepreviousyear.
C.Theirworkingperformanceduringthepreviousyear.
D.Theirabilityofmanagingtheiraccountsduringthepreviousyear.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。
根据Whengivingthemout,theteachertookintoaccountwhichpupilshadbeenmostresponsibleduringthepreviousyear.在分发任务的时候,老师根据学生上一年的学习表现,故选C。
27.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?
A.Eachchildgotanimportantjob.
B.Eachchildgotaninterestingjob.
C.Theperfectstudentgotthejobofeveryone’spreference.
D.Themostresponsiblestudentgotthejobofleastinterest.
【答案】D
【解析】句意理解题。
根据因为上一年Rita表现最好,大家都认为老师应该给她一个最好的工作,可是有一个令人吃惊的事情,所以与学生的想法相反她被给一个没有兴趣的工作,故选D。
28.WhatisRita’sattitudetoherfather’ssuggestion?
A.Negative.B.Uncertain.C.Totallypositive.D.Acceptive.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。
根据heencouragedRitatopaynoattentiontothisinsignificantpet.However,Ritapreferredtoshowtheteacherhererrorbydoingsomethingspecialwiththatjoboflittleinterest.她父亲鼓励她不要照顾那个小动物,可是Rita却想做好这个没有趣的工作来表明自己的老师的错误决定,
故选A。
29.Wecaninferthatthemanwhomadethedeclarationisa_________.
A.hunterB.directorC.biologistD.principal
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。
根据Yourclasshasbeenchosentoaccompanyme,thissummer,onajourneytothetropicalrainforest,wherewewillinvestigateallkindsofinsects.Amongalltheschoolsofthisregion,yourclasshasbestcaredforthelittleant.”因为学生跟随他去森林研究动物,所以猜测可能是生物学家,故选C。
30.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Nevercomplainaboutlife.
B.Smalltaskscanleadtofortunes.
C.Menarebestknownbytheirfriends.
D.Responsibilityandintelligencebringgoodluck.
【答案】B
【解析】标题归纳题。
根据最后一句总结性的话Andmanychildrenlearntthattobegiventhemostimportanttaskyouhavetoknowhowtoberesponsibleeveninwhatarethesmallesttasks.可知小的工作带来好运气,故选B。
阅读理解------E
(2013·南京市二模,D)
WhilewaitingtopickupafriendatanairportinPortland,Oregon,Ihadoneofthoselifechangingexperiencesthatyouhearotherpeopletalkabout—thekindthathappenstoyouunexpectedly.Tome,thishappenedandwasonlytwofeetawayfromme.
Locatingmyfriendamongthepassengers,Inoticedamancomingtowardmecarryingtwolightbags.Hestoppedrightnexttometogreethisfamily.
Firsthewalkedtohisyoungestson(maybe6yearsold)ashelaiddownhisbags.Theygaveeachotheralong,lovinghug.Astheyseparatedenoughtolookineachother'sface,Iheardthefathersay,“It'ssogoodtoseeyou,son.Imissedyousomuch!
”Hissonsmiledsomewhatshyly,andrepliedsoftly,“Me,too,Dad!
”
Thenthemanstoodup,gazedintotheeyesofhisoldestson(maybe9or10)andwhilecuppinghisson'sfaceinhishandssaid,“You'realreadyquiteayoungman.Iloveyouverymuch,Zach!
”Theytoohuggedamostloving,tenderhug.
Whilethiswashappening,ababygirl(perhapsoneoroneandahalfyearold)wassquirming(扭动)excitedlyinhermother'sarms,neveroncetakingherlittleeyesoffthewonderfulsightofherreturningfather.Themansaid,“Hi,babygirl!
”ashegentlytookthechildfromhermother.Hequicklykissedherfacealloverandthenheldherclosetohischestwhilerockingherfromsidetoside.Thelittlegirlinstantlyrelaxedandsimplylaidherheadonhisshoulder,motionlessinpurecontentment.
Afterseveralmoments,hehandedhisdaughtertohisoldestsonanddeclared,“I'vesavedthebestforlast!
”andwenttogivehiswifethelongest,mostpassionatekissIeverrememberseeing.Hegazedintohereyesforseveralsecondsandthensilentlymouthed,“Iloveyousomuch!
”Theystaredintoeachother'seyes,beamingbigsmilesatoneanother,whileholdingbothhands.
Foraninstanttheyremindedmeofnewlyweds,butIknewbytheageoftheirkidsthattheycouldn'tpossiblybe.IpuzzledaboutitforamomentthenrealizedhowtotallyattentiveIwasinthewonderfuldisplayofunconditionallovenotmorethananarm'slengthawayfromme.Isuddenlyfeltuncomfortable,asifIwasinvadingsomethingsacred,butwasamazedtohearmyownvoicenervouslyask,“Wow!
Howlonghaveyoutwobeenmarried?
”
“Beentogetherfourteenyearstotal,marriedtwelveofthose.”hereplied,withoutbreakinghisgazefromhislovelywife'sface.“Wellthen,howlonghaveyoubeenaway?
”Iasked.Themanfinallyturnedandlookedatme,stillbeaminghisjoyoussmile.“Twowholedays!
”
Twodays?
Iwasstunned.Ihadassumedhe'dbeengoneforatleastseveralweeks—ifnotmonths.Iknowmyexpressionbetrayedme.“Ihopemymarriageisstillthat
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