文献翻译钢结构的发展.docx
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文献翻译钢结构的发展.docx
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文献翻译钢结构的发展
外文翻译
外文原稿
Thesteelstructuredevelopment
Steelstructureinnationaleconomyconstructionapplicationscopeverybroad,maysayspreadseachprofession,steelstructurearchitecturalengineeringisinourcountryconstructionprofessionavigorousdevelopmentitembothisancientandthebrand-newprofession,isthegreenenvironmentalprotectionproduct,isimpelsthetraditionalarchitectureindustrytothehigh-techdevelopmentimportantplatoonguide.Nowwemustdiscussarethebuildingironstructureinthehousingindustrycenterapplicationandthedevelopmentaswellasthelightsteelhousingprospectsfordevelopment,butfirstweshouldunderstandthebuildingironstructuredevelopmentseveraltimesandthesteelstructureotherseveralmainbranches.
First、Aftertheliberationthesteelstructuredevelopmentfourhistoricalperiods
1、20centuries50、60atthebeginningofagestheabundanttimerestoresthetimeinthenationaleconomy,constructs156itemsbySovietUnionnewlybuiltandintheextensionproject,hastheverybigpartofsteelstructuresworkshopmainlyisnearbythesingle-layerfactory.Simultaneouslyhasestablishedlargequantitiesofdesigninstitutes,hasestablishedonebatchofsteelstructuresfactoriesandinstallsthecompany,alsotrainsonegroupofsteelstructurestechnologiestalentedperson.Incivilconstructionaspect,alsocompletesonebatchofsteelstructureshouses,completed57metersspanstwoarticulationsfrom1954toarch52metersspansroundcylinderassociationFangWangkeTianjinstadiumwhichthestructuretheBeijingstadium,in1956completed,whichtocompleteto1959GreatHallofthePeoplepartialsteelstructuresandsoon.The50'sintermediatestages,starttostudythepre-stressedsteelstructure.
2、In20centuries60'slaterperiodand70'sebbtidetime.Inthistime,becausethesteelproductiontotalquantityarefew,thecountryproposedsavesthesteelproductsinthearchitectureindustrythepolicy.Inadditioncarriesout,understoodappearsthedeviation,certainpeoplethoughtsavesthesteelproductsonnottousethesteelproducts.Thesteelstructureprojecthasbeenshort,thedesign,themanufacture,installsthetroopalsograduallytowither,butorcompletesseveralsignificantthelarge-scaleconstructionandthebridge.Inthistime,butalsostudieddevelopsthelightsteelroomwhichwascomposedbytheroundsteelandthesmallanglesteeltocover,touseinthesmallspanworkshop.
3、After20centuries80'sandthe90'sdevelopmenttimes1979,alongwiththereformandopenpolicypolicyimplementation,straightenedouttaketheeconomicdevelopmentasthecentralwork,thesteelstructureapplicationgraduallygrew.
4、After1996,ourcountrybuildingironstructuredevelopmentspring.Surpasses100milliontonsafterthesteeloutput,ourcountrygovernmentpromptlyproposedinthearchitectureindustryadvocatedusesthesteelstructure,hastakensomemeasuresintheorganization,andhasadjustedthepolicy,hasappearedaseriesofpositivedevelopmentpolicy,alsohasestablishedsomecorrespondingstandards,theregulationsandcomputationsoftware.
Second、Underonbuildingironstructureseveralmainbranchessummaryasfollows:
1、Thewiretablestructureplatesteelframeobtainsthewidespreadapplicationin6070ages,inrecentyearsbutalreadyhastenedslow,graduallyhadinthisprojectdomainbythelightsteelstructureisreplacedthetendency.Andinthe80'sinitialperiod,hasformulated"thewiretablestructuraldesignandtheconstructionregulations"JGJ7-91,hasestablishedthewiretablestructurestandardization,theserializedindustrializationproductionThecompleteblueprint,hasformedthematuretechnology,promotesitsrapiddevelopment,thedevelopmentquick,itsscalebig,forinternationalisrare.Thewiretablestructureissuitableforthetowerstructure,(forexampleDaliantelevisiontower)smalldecorationtower,castskeleton(forexampleJiuhauaimageofBuddha,height99.9meters)andsoon
2、Highlevelbuildingironstructure
(1)、Afterreformandopenpolicy,theourcountryhigh-riseconstructionobtainsthefastdevelopment.The80'sinitialperiod,inthistimedomesticstructuralengineerthroughtheparticipationdozensofhighlevelbuildingironstructuresdesign,theinstallment,themanufacture,havealreadyobtainedthecertainexperience.Throughandtheoverseasenterprise'scooperation,theintroduction,hasabsorbedtheoverseastechnology,andcarriesonaseriesofsignificantscientificresearchitemaccordingtoourcountrynationalconditiontheresearch,thedomestichighlevelbuildingironstructuretechnologyalreadydevelopedtoahigherlevel.
(2)、Steelstructuresuperiorityandsynthesiseconomicefficiencyregardlessofisthestructureperformance,theusefunctionorintheeconomicefficiency,thesteelstructureallhasthecertainsuperiority.
①、Steelproductsanti-pull,resistanttocompression,theshearingstrengthontheotherhandhigher,thesteelstructurecomponentstructurecrosssectionissmall,isself-possessedlightly.Intheordinarycircumstances,thehighlevelreinforcedconcretebuildingdeadweightabout1.5-2.0ton/m2,thehighlevelbuildingironstructureisself-possessedmostlybelow1ton/m2,evensomeofficebuildingsonlyhave0.5-0.6ton/m2.
②、Thesteelstructurehasabetterductility,theearthquakeresistanceperformancegood,especiallyinthehighintensityseismicregion,usesthesteelstructureadvantageously,thereinforcedconcretestructureductilityguaranteeliesinthestructurethestressnottootobehigh,butthesteelstructureductilityliesincausesthepartialcomponentstoentertheplasticity.
③、Structureholdsthearea(oriscalledstructureplanedensity)tobesmall,infactincreasedtheuseablearea.Thehighlevelbuildingironstructurestructureholdstheareaonlyisthesimilarreinforcedconcretefloorspace28%.Usesthesteelstructuretobeallowedtoincreasetheuseablearea4%-8%.Thisisinfactincreasesthebuildingtheusevalue,theincreaseeconomicefficiency.
④、Constructionsspeedsarequick.Usesthesteelstructuretobepossibletoprovideabiggerspacefortheconstructionandthemorespaciousconstructionworksurface.Thesteelstructureprojectpillargenerallytakes3-4isexecutestheconstructionsection,inascenehoisting.Moreoverthepillarhoisting,thesteelframeinstallment,thereinforcedconcretecoretubeconstructs,thecombinationceilingconstructionandsoon,mayimplementtheseparategradecrossingwork.Sometimesinstallsthecolumn,framewhileupside,lowerpartmaycarryontheinteriordecoration,therepairproject.Therefore,inaspectundertheandsoonguaranteetechnology,supply,managementcondition,mayputintotheuseaheadoftime
⑤、Steelstructurequalityiseasytoguarantee.Thesteelstructurecomponentgenerallyallmakes,theprocessing,theprecisioninthefactoryishigh.
⑥、Steelstructureconstructioniseasyintheuseprocesstotransform,likethereinforcement,meetshigh,expandsthefloorandsooninternaldivision,thechangequiteiseasy,tobenimble.Somedevelopedcountriesbelievedthat,thesteelstructureconstructionistheenvironmentalprotectionconstruction,maythereuse,reducethemineralresourcemining.
⑦、Steelstructuremaymakethegreatspan,thebigspace.Theopeingwide-likebigplaneoffice,afterthe60'sobtainsabiggerdevelopment,somecountriescallit"thebotanicalgardenoffice".Thiskindofofficerequestgreatersizecolumnnetarrangement,andthepillarcrosssectionsmallerismoreappropriate.Used12-15mthecolumnnetalreadyverytobecommon.Thesteelstructuresuitthiskindofrequest,becauseitmayformthemorespaciousnon-columnspace,isadvantageousforinternalnimblearrangement.
⑧、Pipelinearrangementisconvenient.Insteelstructurestructurespace,somemanyholesandcavity,moreoverthesteelgirderwebplatealsoallowstopassthroughissmallerthanthecertaindiameterpipeline,likethiscausesthepipelinethearrangementconveniently,alsoincreasedtheconstructiononlyhigh,moreoverthepipelinereplacement,therepairforisallconvenient.
(3)、Thesteelstructureconstructionconstructioncostisnotcertainlyhigh.Steelstructureconstructioncostandmanyfactorsrelated,likesteelandironproductivity,processinglevel,steelproductsvariety,specification,designtechnicallevel,computationconstructioncostmethodandsoon.Dataandmaterialgraspswhichaccordingtoatpresent,regardingthemultilayeredconstruction,includingthemultilayeredhousingconstruction,thesteelstructureconstructioncost,slightlyishigherthanthebricktomixthestructure,butisimpartialwiththereinforced-concretestructure,cannotbehigherthanlattertheconstructioncost,iflookedfromthecomprehensivebenefit,thencompletelyislowerthantraditionaltheconstruction.
3、Hangstheropeandslantingpullsstructureourcountrytoapplyhangstheropestructurecomparisonearly,butaftercompletestheBeijingworkerstadiumandtheZhejiangstadium,nearlystopsgetsdown,startstothe90'stouse.IfShandongZibo54meterscrossmonolayersparallelropesstadium.
4、Netshellnetshellstructurewhengreatspanandultragreatspanhastheverybigmerit,startsfromthe50'stouseinthestadiumandthepublicmeetinghall.
5、Membraneandropemembranestructuremembraneandropemembranestructurebecauseitsserviceabilityquiteisbroad,thereforemassivelyusesinthesportsconstruction、displayconstruction、entertainmentconstructionandfacility、performanceconstruction、airportconstructionandeachkindofseashoreentertainmentleisureconstructionandfacility.ThebiggestmembranestructureistheShanghai80,000personofstadiumsselectsloosely.
6、Sinc
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