基础医学英语口语6Pneumonia.docx
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基础医学英语口语6Pneumonia.docx
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基础医学英语口语6Pneumonia
Pneumonia
肺炎
Introduction
介绍
Pneumoniaisaninflammationandinfectionofthelungs.Everyyear,morethan60,000Americansdieofpneumonia.Itcanaffectanybody,butismoredangeroustoolderadults,infants,andpatientswithchronicillnesses.
Pneumonia:
[nju(:
)5mEu]n.[医]肺炎。
单词中首字母p不发音,pneu-表示“气流”,pneumal的意思是“肺的”,-a在医学英语中表示“疾病”;
Inflammation:
[7inflE5meiFEn]n.炎症,发炎。
In-表示“处于……状态”,flame表示“火苗”,-ation是动词转换成名词的后缀;
Infection:
[in5fekFEn]n.[医]传染,感染;
Chronic:
[5krCnik]adj.慢性的,其反义词为acute,急性的。
Preventingpneumoniaisalwaysbetterthantreatingit.Ifyoudogetpneumonia,recognizingitssymptomsandtreatingitearlyoffersthebestchanceforrecovery.
Recovery:
恢复,治愈。
Pneumoniaisaninflammationofthelung.Inflammationistheimmunesystem'snormalresponsetocontaminantsorinjury.Germssuchasbacteriaorvirusescauseinflammation.
Contaminant:
[kEn5tAminEnt]n.致污物,污染物,源于动词contaminate,污染;
Injury:
[5indVEri]n.外伤;
Germ:
[dVE:
m]n.微生物,细菌;
Bacteria:
[bAk5tiEriE]n.细菌,用作复数,单数形式是bacterium;
Virus:
[5vaiErEs]n.病毒。
Whenapersonhaspneumonia,lungtissuecanfillwithpusandotherfluids.Thismakesitdifficultforoxygeninthealveolitoreachthebloodstream.Withpneumonia,apersonmayhavedifficultybreathingandhaveacoughandafever.
lungtissue:
肺部组织;
pus:
[pQs]n.脓;
fluid:
[5flu(:
)id]n.液体;
alveoli:
[Al5viElai]n肺泡,用作复数形式,单数形式是alveolus[Al5viElEs]。
Howseriouspneumoniaisdependsonseveralfactors.Theoverallhealthofthepatientaswellasthetypeandextentofthepneumoniaareimportant.Ifyouareyoungandhealthy,yourpneumoniacanalmostalwaysbetreatedsuccessfully.Butifyouhaveheartfailure,lungailments,orifyouareolder,yourpneumoniamaybehardertocure.Youarealsomorelikelytodevelopcomplications.Someofthesecomplicationscanbefatal.
Ailment:
[5eilmEnt]n.疾病,通常指慢性的消耗性病痛或不适;
Fatal:
致命的。
Therearemorethan50kindsofpneumonia.Bacteriacausebacterialpneumonias.Virusescauseviralpneumonias.Fungi,mycoplasma,andotherorganismcancauseothertypesofinfectiouspneumonia.
bacterialpneumonia:
细菌性肺炎;
viralpneumonia:
病毒性肺炎;
Fungi:
[5fQndVai,5fQN^ai]n.真菌;
Mycoplasma:
[7maikEu5plAzmE]n.支原体,支原菌;
infectiouspneumonia:
感染性肺炎。
Pneumoniacanaffectoneorbothlungs.Whenitaffectsbothlungs,itissometimescalleddoublepneumonia.
doublepneumonia:
双侧性肺炎。
Community-acquiredpneumoniareferstopneumoniayouacquirefromyourcommunity,suchasatschool,workorthegym.
Community-acquiredpneumonia:
社区获得性肺炎。
Hospital-acquiredpneumonia,ornosocomialpneumonia,isaseriouspneumoniaacquiredatahospitalorahealthcarefacility.Itusuallyaffectspatientswhoareonamechanicalventilator,intheintensivecareunit,orhaveacompromisedimmunesystem.
Hospital-acquiredpneumonia:
医院获得性肺炎;
Nosocomial:
[7nCsE5kCmiEl]adj.医院的;
mechanicalventilator:
机械通气设备。
Ventilate表示“通气,通风”,其中vent表示“出口,排风口”;
intensivecareunit:
重症监护,简称ICU;
compromised:
受损的,源于动词compromise,折中,妥协。
Symptoms
症状
Therearemanysymptomsofpneumonia,andsomeofthem,likeacoughorasorethroat,areassociatedwithmanyothercommoninfections.Often,peoplegetpneumoniaafterthey'vehadthefluoranupperrespiratorytractinfectionlikeacold.
upperrespiratorytract:
上呼吸道。
Mostpeopleexperienceafew,butnotall,ofthefollowingsymptomsofpneumonia:
-Fever
-Chills
-Cough
-Unusuallyrapidbreathing
-Wheezing
-Difficultybreathing
Chill:
寒战;
Wheezing:
喘息,哮喘。
Lesscommonsymptomsofpneumoniainclude:
-Chestorabdominalpain
-Lossofappetite
-Exhaustion
-Vomiting
Abdominal:
腹部的;
Appetite:
胃口,食欲;
Exhaustion:
疲劳;
Vomiting:
呕吐。
Whenbacteriacausepneumonia,sicknesshappensquicklyalongwithahighfeveranddifficultybreathing.Whenaviruscausesit,symptomsgenerallyappearmoregraduallyandmaybelesssevere.
alongwith:
相当于associatedwith,伴随,伴有;
highfever:
高热。
Ifyouthinkyoumayhavepneumonia,don'thesitatetogetmedicalcare.Aseverecaseofpneumoniacanbelifethreatening.
Seeyourdoctorrightawayifyouhaveanyofthesepersistentsymptoms:
Persistent:
持续的,长期的。
-Cough
-Shortnessofbreath
-Chestpainthatchangesasyoubreathe
-Anunexplainedfever-especiallyafeverof102Forhigherfortwoormoredaysalongwithchillsandsweats
-Ifyousuddenlyfeelworseafteracoldortheflu
102F:
102Fahrenheitdegree,即华氏102度,相当于摄氏38.8度。
Fahrenheit,[5fArEnhait]adj.华氏度;Celsius[5selsjEs]adj.摄氏度。
Makesuretotakeyourchildtothepediatricianifyoususpectheorshehaspneumonia.
Pediatrician:
[7pi:
diE5triFEn]n.儿科医生。
Makesuretoalsoseekmedicalcareimmediatelyifyouareanolderadult,you’reaffectedbyalcoholism,injury,chemotherapy,oryouhaveasuppressedimmunesystemduetoadiseaseoradrug.
Alcoholism:
[5AlkEhClizEm]n.酒精中毒;
Chemotherapy:
[7kemEu5WerEpi]n.化学疗法。
Chemo-/chem-表示“化学,化学的”之义;therapy表示“治疗法”;
Suppressed:
被降低的;
immunesystem:
免疫系统。
Patientswithdiseasesthatimpairtheimmunesystem,suchasAIDS,orpatientswithotherchronicillnesses,suchasasthma,orpatientsundergoingcancertherapyororgantransplantation,areparticularlyvulnerabletopneumonia.
Asthma:
[5AsmE]n.哮喘;
organtransplantation:
器官移植;
vulnerableto:
易于……的。
Diagnosis
诊断
Yourdoctormayfirstsuspectthatyouhavepneumoniabasedonyourmedicalhistoryandaphysicalexam.Duringtheexam,yourdoctorwilllistentoyourlungswithastethoscopetocheckforabnormalbubblingorcrackingsoundsandforrumblingsthatsignalthepresenceofthickliquid.Bothofthesesoundsmayindicateinflammationcausedbyaninfection.
medicalhistory:
病史;
physicalexam:
体检;
stethoscope:
[5steWEskEup]n.听诊器。
steth-/stetho-表示“胸部的”;scope指“观察仪”,例如telescope,望远镜;
bubble:
[5bQbl]vi.起泡;
crack:
[krAk]v.(使)破裂,(使)爆裂;
rumbling:
[5rQmb(E)lIN]n.隆隆声。
YourdoctormayalsogibeyouchestX-raystomakesureyouhavepneumoniaandtofindouthowseveretheinfectionisaswellasitslocation.IftheX-raysaren’tclear,youmayhaveamoresophisticatedimagingtestknownasacomputerizedtomographyorCTscan,whichtakesaseriesofcomputer-directedX-rays.
X-ray:
X光;
Location:
位置;
Sophisticated:
[sE5fistikeitid]adj.精密的;
CT:
全称为computerizedtomography,即为“计算机X射线断层扫描法”。
Tomography表示“X射线断层扫描”;
aseriesof:
一系列的;
computer-directed:
计算机控制的。
Youmayalsohaveboldteststocheckyourwhitebloodcellcountortolookforthepresenceofviruses,bacteriaorotherorganisms.Sometimesyourdoctormayexamineasampleofyourphlegmoryourbloodtohelpidentifythemicroorganismthat'scausingyourillness.
Organism:
[5C:
^EnizEm]n.生物体,有机体;
Phlegm:
[flem]n.痰;
Microorganism:
[maIkrEJ5C:
^EnIz(E)m]n.微生物。
Rarely,inadvancedcases,yourdoctormayperformabronchoscopy,aspecialtestwherethephysicianentersthelungswithaspecialscope.Duringabronchoscopythedoctorcanhelpclearpusandphlegmfromthebronchioletubesthatcannototherwisebecoughedout.Heorshemayalsobeabletogetasampleofpustoexaminecloser.Thisisdonetohelpyourdoctorfindouttheexactcauseofthepneumonia.
Bronchoscopy:
[brCN`kCskEpI]n.[医]支气管镜检(查)。
Broncho-/bronchi-表示“气管”之义,例如:
bronchitis,支气管炎;scope指“观察仪”。
Oncetheorganismcausingthepneumoniaisidentified,treatmentcanbetargetedspecificallyagainstit.
Target:
针对。
Treatment
治疗
Peoplewhohavebacterialoratypicalpneumoniawillprobablybegivenantibioticstotakeathome.Ifyouhavethistypeofpneumonia,yourdoctorwillalsorecommendthatyougetlotsofrestanddrinkplentyoffluids.Drinkingfluids,especiallywater,keepsyoufrombecomingdehydratedandalsohelpsloosenmucusinyourlungs.
Atypical:
[ei5tipikEl]adj.非典型的。
a-表示“不,非”;
Antibiotics:
抗生素。
Anti-表示“反抗,对抗”,biotic表示关于生命的,生物的;
Dehydrate:
[di:
5haidreit]vt.(使)脱水。
de-表示“剥夺,分离”,hydrate是“水合”;
Therearealsoantiviralmedicationsthatcanreducetheseverityofcertainviralinfectionsiftakeninthefirst1to2daysaftersymptomsbegin.
Antiviral:
抗病毒。
Taketheentirecourseofanyprescribedmedication.Stoppingprescribedmedicationtoosooncancauseyourpneumoniatocomebackandcancontributetothedevelopmentofantibiotic-resistantbacteria.
Course:
疗程;
contributeto:
促进,致使;
resistant:
[ri5zistEnt]adj.抵抗的,有抵抗力的,有抗药性的。
Withpropertreatment,mosttypesofpneumoniaarecuredwithinaweekortwo.Inseverecasesofpneumonia,itmaytakelongertocompletelyrecover.Keepallofyourfollow-upappointments.Eventhoughyoufeelbetter,yourlungsmaystillbeinfected.It'simportanttohaveyourdoctormonitoryourprogress.
follow-up:
继续的,后续的。
Somepeoplewithseverepneumonianeedtobehospitalizedtogetbetter.
Usuallythisincludesbabies,youngchildren,peopleolderthan65,andpeoplewithimmunesystemproblems.
Hospitalize:
[5hCspitElaiz]vt.就医,使……住院,使……进入医院进行治疗。
Whenpneumoniapatientsarehospitalized,treatmentmayincludethefollowing:
-IVantibiotics,whichareintravenousantibioticsthataredeliveredthroughaneedleinsertedintoavein
-Respiratorytherapythathelpsthepatientbreathe
IV:
全称为intravenous即静脉滴注。
intravenous[7intrE5vi:
nEs]adj.静脉内的。
Intra-表示“在……之内”,venous表示“静脉的”,源于名词vein;
Breathe:
[bri:
T]v.呼吸,发出。
Prevention
预防
Thegermsthatcausemanyofthedifferenttypesofpneumoniacanbecontagiousandarespreadthroughcoughingandsneezing.Youcanpreventpneumoniabyfollowinggoodhygienehabits,suchas:
-Coughorsneezeintoatissue.
-Useseparatedrinkingglassesandeatingutensils.
-Washyourhandsfrequentlywithwarmsoapywater.
Con
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