五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练-专题04 科普知识与现代技术.docx
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五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练-专题04 科普知识与现代技术.docx
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专题04科普知识与现代技术
“科普知识与现代科技”是高中新课程标准话题之一。
该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。
科技已经影响渗透到我们生活的方方面面,例如电视、电脑、手机、MP3、火箭、卫星、宇宙飞船……好多好多,几天几夜都说不完。
总之生活离不开科技,科技在为生活服务。
点点滴滴,时时事事,科技无处不在。
【高考探究】
【典例剖析】
“科普知识与现代科技”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题,主要题型为阅读理解,体裁一般为说明文,分值所占比重也比较高。
(2017年·新课标卷II)TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition–hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldup
soitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.
Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10,000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpectedtocost$279,000.Anditwon’thelpifyou’restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.
Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.
MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration’sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthose
forpilotsoflargerplanes.Terrafugia
saysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.
28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?
A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.
B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.
C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.C.ThedesignersoftheTransition.
29.WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways?
A.Itcauserstrafficjams.
B.Itisdifficulttooperate.C.Itisveryexpensive.
D.Itburnstoomuchfuel.
30.Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?
A.CautiousB.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.
D.Disapproving.
31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.FlyingCaratAutoShow
B.TheTransition’sFirstFlightC.Pilots’DreamComingTrue
D.FlyingCarClosertoReality
【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。
主要介绍了Terrafugia公司研制出了飞车,试飞成功,预计将于明年进行销售。
本文主要对飞车的历史由来及其构架进行了介绍。
29.C【解析】细节理解题。
根据“Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpected
tocost
$279,000”可知,因为Transition的价格较高,所以不太可能在太多的马路上出现。
故选C。
31.D【解析】标题归纳题。
浏览全文,主要从飞车的试飞成功、飞车的构架以及多年以前人们对飞车的设想至今成为现实展开说明。
故选D。
体裁
话题
词数
难度
建议时间
说明文
新旧电子设备的差别
363
★★★☆☆
7分钟
Passage1(2018年新课标卷I)
Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironm–enatndourwallets–astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.
Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife–fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.
Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn’tthrowoutouroldon“esT.heliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneyd,ayouhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse”,saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices–wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisoBfabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontribution
togreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.
Sowhat’sthesolution(解决方案)?
Theteam’sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatserve
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- 五年高考2014-2018年英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练-专题04 科普知识与现代技术 年高 2014 2018 英语 阅读 理解 话题 分类 解读 训练 专题 04 科普知识 现代 技术