英汉动物习语文化内涵的比较.docx
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英汉动物习语文化内涵的比较.docx
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英汉动物习语文化内涵的比较
毕业论文
题目:
英汉动物习语文化内涵的比较
Title:
ComparisonofCulturalConnotationsbetweenEnglishandChineseAnimalIdioms
2009年5月24日
Acknowledgements
IwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoanumberofteachersandfriendsattheEnglishDepartmentfortheirhelpandencouragementatallstagesinthewritingofthispaper.
SpecialthanksshouldgotoXiongDunli,myrespectedsupervisor,whogavemesomuchconstructiveinstructionandinsightfulguidancethroughoutmyresearchwork.Withgreatcare,hereadthewholemanuscriptandofferedmuchinvaluablecriticism.Hisgreathelpmakesthispaperabetteronethanitwouldotherwisehavebeen.
IamalsoindebtedtoprofessorCaiDingzhong,whomadeinspiringcriticalcommentsandinvaluablesuggestionsatthebeginningofmywriting,whichhavedonealotofgoodtomypaper.
Ialsowishtoexpressmythankstootherteachersinourdepartmentwhosparenoeffortstoteachandencourageme.
Abstract
Idioms,beingpithy,shortandvivid,embodyprofoundtruthandwisdom.Theyhavebeenlongfavoredbypeople.Whileanimal-relatedidiomsrichinanimalimages,whichexciteeitherimaginationorwisdom,areofspecialinteresttopeople.ThispaperaimsatstudyingtheanimalimagesinEnglishandChineseidioms,andcontributingtothedeeperunderstandingofthetwoculturesandthetranslationbetweenthetwolanguages.Thispaperlistsalotofexamplestodemonstrateandanalyzetheanimalimagesincorrespondingrelationships:
First,identicalanimalimages,sameorsimilarculturalconnotations;Second,diffenrentanimalimages,similarculturalconnotations;Third,identicalimages,diffenrentculturalconnotationandanimalimageblanksinEnglishandChineseidioms.Generally,therearefourmajorsourcegiverisetothesekindsofcorrespondingrelationships:
First,diffenrentgeographicalposition,diffenrentnaturalenvironment,diffenrentweathersituationaswellastheresultofthediffentwayoflife.Second,dffenrentreligiousbelief.Third,thedifferentworksofliteratureandculturalbooks.Fourth,differenceofsocialpsychologyandaestheticstandards.Intheviewofthesefactors,theanimalimages,therefore,containedcolorfulandrichfulculturalconnotations,whichrequirethetranslatortodeeplyacquaintthemslveswiththeculturalconventionandlivingcustoms.Onlyonthiscondition,canpeopleconveytheimpliedculturalinformationsuccessfullyincross-culturalcommunication.
Keywords:
animalwordsculturalconnotationcontrastandanalysis
摘要
习语简洁生动,却蕴涵着深刻的真理,闪烁着智慧的光芒,一直是人们所钟爱的表达方式。
而动物习语更是以其生动的形象,激起人们的联想,唤起人们的智慧,受到人们的喜爱。
本文通过对英汉两种语言谚语中的动物意象的进一步的研究探讨了这两种文化的异同,有助于含有动物意象的习语的英汉互译。
本文按照英汉动物谚语的各种对应关系,通过大量的例证,对动物意象进行了详细的分析比较:
一、动物意象相同,文化内涵相同或相似;二、动物意象不同,文化内涵相同或相似;三、动物意象相同,文化内涵不同;四、习语中的动物意象空缺。
影响各种对应关系下英汉谚语中动物意象使用的主要有四个方面:
第一,不同的地理位置,不同的自然环境,不同的天气情况,以及由此而生的不同的生活方式;第二,不同的宗教信仰;第三,不同的文学作品和文化典籍;第四,不同的心理和审美观。
动物意象因此蕴涵了各自丰富的文化内涵。
在对习语中如此丰富的动物意象进行翻译时,就要求译者深刻了解两种不同的文化和社会知识。
以至于使人们在跨文化交流中成功自信地传递富有文化内涵的信息。
关键词:
动物词汇文化内涵对比与分析
Contents
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………1
I.LinguisticFormsofAnimalWords…………………………………..2
II.IdenticalAnimalImages,SameorSimilarCulturalConnotations3
III.DifferentAnimalImages,SameofSimilarCulturalConnotations4
3.1LionV.S.Tiger………………………………………………………4
3.2HorseV.S.Ox………………………………………………………..5
IV.IdenticalAnimalImages,DifferentCulturalConnotations……6
4.1DifferenceofSocialPsychologyandAestheticStandards…..6
4.2DistinctiveNationalTraditionalCulture……………………8
V.AnimalImageBlanksinEnglishandChineseIdioms………….9
5.1AnimalImageBlanksinChineseIdioms……………………….9
5.2AnimalImageBlanksinEnglishIdioms……………………….10
VI.TranslationofAnimalWords………………………………………….11
6.1TranslationofAnimalWordsinIdioms…………………………11
6.1.1LiteralTranslation…………………………………………………11
6.1.2SynonymousIdiom…………………………………………………12
6.1.3FreeTranslation……………………………………………………12
6.1.4Explanation…………………………………………………………12
6.2TranslationofAnimalWordsinPassages……………………12
6.3TranslationofAnimalWordsinProperNames………………13
Conclusion…………………………………………………..……………………….14
Bibliography……………………………………………………………...15
Introduction
Languageisapartofcultureaswellasaculturalcarrierastheprincipalmeansofcross-culturalcommunication.Idiomsarelikeamirrorthatreflectscultureinabestway.BothEnglishandChinesearefullofcolorful-specificidioms,andtheyareusedwidelyinallkindsofworksaswellasinourdailylife.Becausetheybearvariousfiguresofspeechandstrongculturalflavors,theyareoftenverydifficulttounderstandfornon-nativespeakers,letalonetotranslatethemfaithfullyandexpressivelyintoanotherlanguage.Sofar,manyscholarshavemadesystematiccomparisonbetweentheEnglishandChinese.Asearlyasin1978,arepresentativebookAStudyonChineseIdiomaticUsageswaspublishedbyRoseinHongKong.Afterthat,manypapersandbooksaboutEnglish-ChineseIdiomsmushroomedinChina.Thankstoalltheforerunners’marvellouswork,EFLlearnersinChinaarecapableofgainingabird’seyeviewoverbothEnglishandChineseidiomsintermsofculture,translationandcomparativestudies.However,asfarasanimalidiomsareconcerned,therestillremainsmuchtoexplore.
Animalsareinseparablefromourdailylife.Wedoatremendousnumberthingstoanimals:
kill,eat,hunt,pickle,stuffandmount,domesticate,train,orexperimenton.Wegetthemaspets,toherdotheranimals,barkatintruders,killpests,jumpthroughhoops,leapoverwaterfalls,diveforfish,leadtheblind,etc.wedocktheirtails,castratethem,dresstheminbonnet,taketheirpotraits,changetheirappearancedrasticallythroughselectivebreeding,putthemontheLettermanshow,feedthembananasandperiodicallyplucktheirfeathers.Alloftheseprovideatremendousrangeofpotentialityformetaphor.That’swhylanguagesofallnationscontainalotofanimalidioms,andsodoChineseandEnglish.However,becauseofdifferenthistoricalandculturalsettings,theconnotationsofanimalidiomsdonotalwayscoincidewiththoseinanother.Sometimespeoplemayusedifferentanimalwordstoexpresscertainfeelingsoffigurativemeanings.Whileonsomeotheroccasions,peoplemaygivedifferentfigurativemeaningsandconnotativemeaningstothesameanimalwords.
Translationofanimalidiomsisbynomeansaneasytaskespeciallywhenthetwolanguageshavecompletelydifferentbackgroundsandinvolvedifferentcultures.Translationofanimalidiomsconsistsnotonlyinthetranslationoftheidiomitself,butalsothespecificcultureembeddedinthatlanguage.Tocertainextent,itisthetranslationofculturethatishardtocrack.Thatistosay,thekeytothetranslationofanimalidiomsliesinwhetherornottheoriginalculturalconnotationscanbeappropriatelytransferredintotargetlangagewhichistheultimategoalmosttranslatorsstriveforbutquiteafewhaveeverreachedduetoculturaldefaultphenomenon.
I.LinguisticFormsofAnimalWords
WhenChinesetalkofbirdsandanimals,thewords“公”or“母”toindicateacreatureismaleorfemale.However,inEnglish,morespecifictermsareoftenused,includingtermsfortheyoung.
However,notallanimalsorbirdshavespecificnamestodenotedifferentsex.Somehavespecificnamesthatarenotwell-known.Withcertaincommonanimals,“bull”of“cow”and“cock”or“hen”isfrequentlyusedtodistinguishsex,suchas“bullseal”,“cowseal”,“bullelephant”,“cowelephant”,“cockpheasant”,“cocksparrow”,“hensparrow”.Alsosuchterms“male”of“female”orsometimes“she”isusedasgenericnames,e.g.,“maleleopard”,“femalepanda”and“shewolf”.[16:
89]
Genericterm
Namesformale
Namesforfemale
Namesforyoung
chicken
cock(rooster)
hen
chick
duck
draker
duck
duckling
goose
gander
goose
gosling
horse
stallion
mare
foal
cattle
bull
cow
calf
pig
boar
sow
pigling
dog
dog
bitch
puppy
deer
duck
doe
fawn
sheep
ram
ewe
lamb
II.IdenticalAnimalImages,SameorSimilarCulturalConnotations
Asweknow,underthedifferentculturalbackgroundandlanguages,everyanimalwordnotonlyhasitsowndenotationbutalsohasculturalconnotation.Assciencedevelops,animalwordsgettheirestablishedconnotationinalllanguages.Peopleassociatetheirfeelingsandemotionswithvariousanimals,whicharethoughttorepresentdifferentcharacters.Manyanimalshavebecomeakindofsymbolisminpeople’sthinkingandthissymbolismisreflectedinthelanguage.
However,becauseofinfluenceofdifferentcultualfactors,suchashistory,customs,religionandvalue,theconnotationofanimalwordsinonelanguagedonotcoincidewiththoseinanother.
Sincelivinginasimilarecologicalenvironment,andhavingcommonknowledgeonanimals,peoplemayhavethesameofsimilarimaginationaboutanimals.Sotheanimalwordswillbeendowedwiththesameculturalconnotation,forexample:
Fox---peopleinthesetwoculturesthinkthe“fox”standsforcunningandslyness,sowecanfindthesaying“asslyasafox”“Heisafox.”
Pig---tothenativeEnglishspeakersandChinesepeople,thepig’sfirstcharacteristicisdirtiness.Italsostandsforlazinessandstupidity.Sotherearesomesayingslike“asfatasapig”,“asdirtyandgreedasapig”,“eatlikeapig”,“makeapigofoneself”,etc.
Monkey---itisakindoflovelyanimal,whichisnimbleandquick.Thesaying“asmischievousasamonkey”givesustheimpressionofmischievousness.
Bee---inbothcultures“bee”alwaysgivesustheimpressionofhardlabor,sowecanuse“asbusyasabee”todescribesomeonewhoisdiligentandindustrious.
Parrot---inEasternandWesternculturesit’salways
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- 关 键 词:
- 英汉 动物 习语 文化 内涵 比较
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