英语高中英语阅读理解科普环保及其解题技巧及练习题含答案.docx
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英语高中英语阅读理解科普环保及其解题技巧及练习题含答案.docx
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英语高中英语阅读理解科普环保及其解题技巧及练习题含答案
【英语】高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Onespringday,oncetheflowershavebeguntoopen,abeewillhover(盘旋)andzipthroughyouryardanddive-bombyourpicnictable.Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely:
me.
Ahoneybeehasaboutsixweekstolive.Today,likemostdays,hertaskistoflyasmanyasthreemilesfromhome,stickherlong,straw-liketongueintoahundredorsoflowers.Whenthebeehashadherfill,shellflyhome.Therethebeewilldepositwhatshehasgotintothemouthofoneofherco-workers,whowillrelayittoanother,andsoonforabout20minutes,untilthemixtureisreadytobeplacedintothecomb.Thensheandher50000orsomateswillhoverinthedarkallnighteverynight,flappingtheirwingstocreatehot,breezyconditionstoremovethewaterfromthemixture.Severalsunriseslater,theywillsealmeoffinagoldencellofbeeswax.Inherlifetime,ourbeemayvisit4,000flowers,andyetwillproduceonlyone-twelfthofateaspoonofme.
TheaverageAmericanconsumesnearlyapoundandahalfofmeeveryyear,intea,ontoast,andbeyond.IfIdosaysomyself,Iamatimelesstreasure.Literally—Inevergobad.
Alas,mygoodhealthisnotguaranteed.Theproblemliesinthegrowthofindustrialagricultureandtheuseofpestcontrolchemicals,aswellaschangesinweatherpatterns,allofwhichreducethenumberofflowersbeeshavetovisitI'dappreciateyourlettingyourowngardengrowjustalittlewildMyfuturedependsonallofusfosteringspringandsummerswildflowers,thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn.
(1)Whatdoes"me"refertointhepassage?
A. Theflower B. Thebee C. Water D. Honey
(2)Whatisthe2ndparagraphmainlyabout?
A. Bees'specialtalent
B. Bees'hardwork.
C. Bees'livingenvironment.
D. Bees'socialbehavior.
(3)Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A. Toappealforhelpforhoneybees.
B. Totalkaboutthehistoryofatreasure.
C. Toputforwardtechniquesforgardeners.
D. Toargueagainstthecontrolofchemicals.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,用拟人的手法,以蜂蜜的口吻,介绍了蜜蜂虽然只有六周左右的寿命,但用其一生辛勤为人类酿造蜂蜜,人类应该保护蜜蜂。
(1)考查代词指代。
根据第一段中的“Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely"可知,当你在想如何避免蜜蜂的攻击时,其实蜜蜂完全专注于其他的东西——蜜,由此可知me指的就是蜜,故选D。
(2)考查主旨大意。
通读第二段内容可知,本段主要介绍了蜜蜂虽然只有六周左右的寿命,但用其一生辛勤采蜜,为人类酿造蜂蜜,由此可知本段主要介绍的是蜜蜂的辛勤工作,故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn."可知,这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们帮助为人类辛勤采蜜的蜜蜂,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及代词指代,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
Babieshaveanastonishingtalentthatadultsentirelylose.Bytheageofone,theycanrecognisethesignificantnoisesaroundthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.Whenwehavelostthiscapacityasadults,itbecomesenormouslydifficulttodistinguishbetweensoundsthatareglaringlydifferenttoanativespeaker.ItallsoundsGreektous.Thisisbecausetherangeofpossiblesoundsthathumansusetoconveymeaningmaybeashighas2,000,butfewlanguagesusemorethan100andeventhenthesignificantnoises-thephonemes(音素)ofalanguage-eachcoverarangeofsoundsandsovaguedistinctionswhichwouldchangethemeaningofawordinotherlanguages.
Butwheredothesephonemescomefromandwhydotheyshiftovertime?
Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.Thisisunexpected.We'dratherthinkoflanguageasproductofourthought
ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,though,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.
Huntergathererlanguagesveryseldomusethesoundsknownaslabiodentals(唇齿音)-thosesuchasfandv-thataremadebytouchingthelowerlipwiththeupperteeth.OnlytwoofthehundredsofAustralianaboriginallanguagesusethem,forexample.Butinculturesthathavediscoveredfarming,theseconsonants(辅音)aremuchmorecommon.Theargumentgoesthatfarmerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.Eitherway,theyneedtochewmushless,andtobitelesswiththeirfrontteeth.Sofarmersgrewupwithsmallerlowerjawsandmoreofanoverbitethantheirancestorswhohadtobitethroughharderfoods.Itbecameeasierforthemtomakethelabiodentalconsonantsinsteadofpurelylabial(唇音)ones:
oneexampleisthatfcometotaketheplaceofp.Romanssaid"pater"butEnglishspeakers(unlessthey'reRees-Moggs)say"father".
Beyondtheseparticularchanges,thestoryhighlightsthewayinwhicheverythingdistinctivelyhumanisbothmaterialandspiritual:
speechmustcombinesoundandmeaning,andthemeaningcan'texistorbetransmittedwithoutarealobject.Butneithercanitbereducedtothepurelyphysical,asourinabilitytounderstandoreventorecogniseforeignlanguagesmakesclear.Thefoodweeatshapesourjaws,andourjawsinturnshapethesoundsofourlanguage.Theeasewithwhichweeatprobablyshapesourthoughttoo,asanyonewhohassufferedtoothachecouldtestify.Whatweeatmayhaveshapedthesoundsofourlanguage,buthowweeatchangeshowwefeelandwhatweuselanguagetoexpress.Afamilymealisverydifferentfromasandwichattheofficedesk,evenifthecalorieisthesame.FoodhaspurposesandmeaningsfarbeyondkeepingusaliveandpleasingthePalate(味觉).
(1)Comparedwithadults,babiescouldmoreeasily .
A. createsignificantnoises
B. classifytheformsofnoises
C. understandtheGreeklanguage
D. distinguishmeaningfulsounds
(2)Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingfactorshelpshapelanguage?
A. Lipsandteeth. B. Jobsandhabits. C. Ageandregions. D. Foodandthinking.
(3)Thereasonforfarmers'makingsoundsof"f"and"v"is .
A. enjoyingmorecookedfoods
B. bitingmorewithfrontteeth
C. constantlychewingharderfoods
D. growingupwithlagerlowerjaws
(4)Bywritingthispassage,theauthorintendstoreveal .
A. jawshelpshapeourthought
B. fooddeterminesourthought
C. diethassomeinfluenceonlanguage
D. languageconsistsofsoundandmeaning
【答案】
(1)D
(2)D
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,人们一直以来认为语言是思想的产物,但是有新的研究表明饮食对于语言也会产生一些影响。
且以f和v的发音为例,揭示了农民们发"f"和"v"音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。
同时这也强调了人类特有的一切都是物质和精神的结合:
语言必须把声音和意义结合起来,没有真实的物体,意义就不可能存在或传播。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Bytheageofone,theycanrecognizethesignificantnoisesaroundthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.”可知一岁的婴儿和成人相比更能识别出周围的重要声音,故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.”可知某些声音在世界范围内的任意分布,部分可以用饮食来解释。
本段提到sound和diet是有关系的,也就是food食物;另外也和思考有关theproductofthought,本段最后说到和两者都有关系。
故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Theargumentgoesthatfamerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.”可知农民比狩猎采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品,即农民们发"f"和"v"音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。
故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第二段中的“We'dratherthinkoflanguageasproductofourthought,ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,though,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.”可知任何一种语言的诞生都必须同时具备思想和饮食这两种因素的影响。
以及文章内容可知叙述的都是日常饮食和发音对语言的影响,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Inourtwenties,wefinditfunnywhenwecan'trememberourneighbor'scat'snameorahandsomeactorwhostarredinafamousmovie.Inourthirties,wejokinglycallit"brainfreeze".Inourforties,welaughitoffasa"seniormoment"andfollowupwithoneoftheseoldagejokes.Buttherealityisthattherecomesapointwhenbeingforgetfulstopsbeingfunnyandstartstoseemabitdreadful.Youthink,"AmIlosingit?
"Orworse,"IsthisasignofAlzheimer'sdisease(老年痴呆症)?
"
Well,don'tworry.Thefactthatyourecognizeyourownforgetfulnessmaybeaverygoodsign,atleastintermsofthepossibilityofyourdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease(AD).Theresearchersinanewstudyshowthatit'snotforgetfulnessbutnotbeingawarethatwe'reforgetfulthatweshouldfear.
TheresearchersbeganwiththeassumptionthatonecommonfeatureofAlzheimer'sdis-easeisadamagedawarenessofillness.Andtheywantedtoprovetheirtheorythatthelackofawarenesscanbeusedtopredictwhethersomeonewith"mildcognitive(认知的)damage"willprogresstofull-onAD.Forthestudy,"mildcognitivedamage"wasdefinedassomeonewhosementalstatewasconsideredhealthybutwhohadeithercomplainedofmemorylossorhadsufferedobjectivememoryloss.
Theresearchersusedexistingdatafor1,062peoplebetweentheagesof55and90thathadbeenrecordedovera12-yearperiod.Thedataincludedbrainscans,whichtheresearchersusedtolookforvisualsignsofreducedglucoseuptake(葡萄糖吸收).ItisanobjectivemarkerofthesortofreducedbrainfunctionthatgoesalongwithAD.Asexpected,glucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithAD.Whattheresearchersalsodiscoveredwasthatglucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithmildcognitivedamagewhoalsoshowedevidenceofreducedillnessawareness.Finally,theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadreducedillnessawarenessweremorelikelytodevelopADthanthosewithout.
(1)Whatcanbeimpliedfromparagraph1?
A. Peoplecanbeforgetfulatdifferentages.
B. Thememoryoftheyoungisbetterthantheold.
C. OldpeoplearemostafraidofgettingAlzheimer'sdisease.
D. It'sararephenom
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