英国文学选读课后答案.docx
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英国文学选读课后答案.docx
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英国文学选读课后答案
选读英国文学
OfStudiesP18
1.Wearenowlivingintheageof“informationexplosion”.Whatlessonscanwe
learnfromBacon's
Ourplanetisdevelopingforward.Thefast-movingdevelopmentofscienceand
technologymakesitmoreconvenientforstudentstogetsufficientandeffective
informationbycountlessways.Thatistheexternalconditionforourstudy,whichwe
canappropriatelymakefulluseof.Butwhatwehavetokeepinmindisthattheeternal
masterofstudyisnoonebutourselvesintheprocessofstudying.
2.Inwhatsensedoesreadingmakeafullman?
Readingmakesafullman.Historiesmakemenwise,poets,witty;themathematics,
subtle;naturalphilosophy,deep;moral,grave;logicandrhetoric,abletocontend.
Readinghistoriesmakespeoplelearnlessonsfromtheancienttime,avoidmakingthe
samemistakesandpredictthedevelopmentofthings.Peoplewhoreadhistorieswillbe
wiserthanthesewhojustactaccordingtotheirownpreferenceswithoutlearningfrom
histories.Readingpoemsmakespeoplelearnthebeautyoflanguage,thebeautiful
classicalstyleofartandliveapoeticlife.Peoplewhoreadpoemswillbewittierthan
thesewhohaven'tfeelthebeautifulmoodandpurelife.Readingmathematicsmakes
peoplefocusontheaccuratecalculation,developascientificattitude,andforma
pragmaticspirit.Peoplewhoreadmathematicswillbemoresubtletoconsiderthings
fromallaspectsanddothingsfromthedropcarefullythanthesewhodon'tread.
Readingnaturalphilosophymakespeoplepursuetruth,exploretheunknownmystery,
andpracticeactively.Peoplewhoreadnaturalphilosophywillbedeeperthanthesewho
don'tlearnthetheoryofreflectingthetruth.Readingmoralmakespeoplelearntheway
ofharmonyliving,formtheprincipleofethicalbehaviorsanddevelopcorrectoutlooks
onvalues.Peoplewhoreadmoralwillbegraverthanthesewhobehavewithoutcorrect
principlesandcan'tdealwithdifferentrelationships.Readinglogicmakespeoplemaster
therulesofthinking,dealingwithdifferentthingsandexploringobjectivereality.
Peoplewhoreadlogicwillbemorecontendtohaveclearideas,matertheprinciplesof
objectivetruththanthesewhodon'tactaccordingtorules.
Differentkindsofreadingmaterialsplaydifferentrolesinmakingafullman.People
shouldgetintodifferentreadingfieldsandtrainthemselvestobecomea
comprehensivetalent.Readingwilldogoodtoone'sphysicalhealthaccordingtosome
readingmaterialsofphysicaltraining.What'smoreimportant,readingpromotesthe
developmentoflogicthinkingandmorality.Peoplecanbecalledafullmanoncondition
thattheyhavefinequality,delicateself-cultivationandstrictmorality.Trytoread
extensivelyandbecomeafullman.
Poems:
HamletP8
1.Whyissleepsofrightening,accordingtoHamlet,sinceitcan“end”the
heartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks”?
Nobodycanpredictwhathewill
dreamofafterhefallsasleep.Deathmeanstheendoflife,youmaygotoorunknown
worldandyoucan'tcomeback,.Ifhedies,Hamlet'scan'trealizehiswill.Though
“sleep”canendtheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks,itisastateofmind.
Hamletdidn'tknowatall.Heisfrightenedbythepossiblesufferinginthelong“dream”.
Hecan'tpredictwhatwillhappeninthesleep,maybegoodmaybeevil.
2.Whywouldpeopleratherbearallthesufferingsoftheworldinsteadof
choosingdeathtogetridofthem,accordingtoHamlet?
Deathissomysterious
thatnobodyknowswhatdeathwillbringtous.Maybebittersufferings,greatpains,
heartbreakingstories…Becausepeopleholdthesameideaogruntandsweatunder
awearylife,butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath-theundiscover'dcountry,
formwhosebournnotravelerreturns-puzzlethewill,andmakeusratherbearthose
illswehavethanflytoothersthatweknownotof?
”Peoplealsoarefrightenedbythe
mythsinanotherworldafterdeath.
3.What,afterall,makespeoplelosetheirdeterminationtotakeaction?
Please
explaininrelationtotheso-calledhesitationofHamlet.
Conscienceandover-considerations.Hewantstorevenge,butdoesn'tknowhow.He
wantstokillhisuncle,butfindsittoorisky.Helivesindespairandwantstocommit
suicide.However,heknowsifhedies,nobodywillcomforthisfather'sghost.Heisin
faceofgreatdilemma.Theydon'tknowtheresultaftertheirtakingtheaction.Suchas
Hamlet,hedoesn'tknowwhatwouldhappenifhekillshisuncleorkillshimself.So
Hamletwashesitated.
Sonnet18P13
1.Howdoesthepoetanswerthequestionheputsforthinthefirstline?
(Page
14)
Thepoetopenswithaquestionthatisaddressedtothebeloved,ShallIcomparethee
toasummer'sday?
Thisquestioniscomparing“thee”tothesummertimeoftheyear.
Itisduringthistimewhentheflowersareblooming,treesarefullofleaves,the
weatheriswarm,anditisgenerallyconsideredasanenjoyabletimeduringtheyear.
Thefollowingelevenlinesinthepoemarealsodedicatedtosimilarcomparisons
betweenthebelovedandsummerdays.Inlines2and3,thespeakerexplainswhat
mainlyseparatestheyoungwomanfromthesummer'sday:
sheismorelovelyand
moretemperate.(Line2)Summerdaysaresometimesshakenby
oughwinds
(line3)whichhappensandisnotalwaysaswelcomingasthewoman.Howeverinline
4,thepoetgivesthefeelingagainthatthesummermonthsareoftentooshortby
saying,Andsummerleasehathtooshortadate.Inthesummerdays,thesun,he
eyeofheaven(line5),oftenshinesoohot,ortoodim,hisgoldcomplexion
dimmed(line6)aseveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines.(Line7)Thefinalportion
ofthesonnettellshowthebeloveddiffersfromthesummerinvariousaspects.Her
beautywillbeonethatlastsforever,Thyeternalsummershallnotfade.(Line9),and
neverendordie.
Atlasttwolines,thepoetexplainshowthebeloved'sbeautywillaccomplishthis
everlastinglifeunlikesummerdays.Anditisbecauseherbeautyiskeptaliveinthis
poem,whichwilllastforever.Itwillliveaslongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee.
(Line13)thepoemisoutwardlyasimplestatementofpraiseaboutthebeautyofthe
belovedwomanandperhapssummertothespeakerissometimestoounpleasantwith
theextremesofwindinessandheatthatgoalongwithit.However,thebelovedinthe
.poemisalwaysmildandtemperatebyhernatureandnothingatalllikethesummer
Atlast,thepoetstartstopraisethatthebelovedissogreatandawingthatsheisto
liveforeverinthissonnet.Thebelovedissogreatthatthespeakerwillevengoasfar
astosaythat,Solongasmenbreathe,oreyescansee,solonglivesthisandthisgives
lifetothee.”(line13、14)thatthebelovedisdeservingtoliveonforever.
2.Whatmakesthepoetthinkthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummer
andimmortal?
Attheverybeginning,thepoetputsforthaquestion:
“ShallIcomparetheetoa
summer'sday?
”Thenhegivesananswer:
“Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.”
Ontheonehand,“RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,andsummer'slease
hathalltooshortadate;”ontheotherhand,“Sometimetoohottheheavenshines,
andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed.”Sofromtheabovetwoaspectsthepoet
thinksthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummer.Inaddition,“Andeveryfairfrom
fairsometimedeclines,bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed.”Compared
withimmortal,“Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,norlosepossessionofthatfair
thouow'st,norshalldeathbragthouwand'restinhisshade,whenineternallinesto
timesthougrow'st.”Therefore,thepoetdrawsaconclusion:
“Solongasmencan
breatheoreyescansee,solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.”Inthispoem,the
poetmakes“thou”morebeautifulthansummerandimmortalbecauseofhisbeautiful
lines.Sointhiscase,“thou”inthepoemcanberegardedasfemalebecauselovecan
beautyeternal.Or“thou”canbereferredtomale,forfriendshipcanmakebeauty
everlasting.Even“thou”canbeabstract“love”or“beauty”whichwillbecomeeternalin
thewonderfulpoem.
TheTigerP50
1.WhydoesthepoetmentiontheLamb?
DoyouthinkboththeLambandthe
Tigercanilluminateeachother?
TheTygeriscorrespondingtoTheLamb.Boththepoemsshowthepoet'sexploration,
understandingandplaintofthemysteriouscreation.Inthispoem,theauthorimplies
thattheTigeriscreatedbyGodaswellastheLamb.SoeithertheTigerortheLambis
essentialtoGod.
IthinkboththeLambandtheTigercanilluminateeachother.AlthoughtheLambcan
representthekind“innocentsociety”,itwillbelackofenoughmotivationtomake
progress.WhiletheTigerwillcausesocialmisery,unrestorevendisruption,butitcan
makepeoplereleasetheircreativity.SothepoetbelievesthattheTigeristhesymbolof
strengthandcourage.Andhealsopraisesitspassion,desireandalltheloftybeauty.
2.Whatisthesymbolicmeaningofthetiger?
Whatideadoesthepoetwantto
express?
ThesymboloftheTygerisoneofthetwocentralmysteriesofthepoem(theother
beingtheTyger'screator).Itisunclearwhatitexactlysymbolizes,butscholarshave
hypothesizedthattheTygercouldbeinspiration,thedivine,artisticcreation,history,
thesublime(thebig,mysterious,powerfulandsometimesscary.Readmoreonthisin
theThemesandQuotessection),orvisionitself.Really,thelistisalmostinfinit
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