湖北导游词英文篇doc.docx
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湖北导游词英文篇doc.docx
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湖北导游词英文篇doc
湖北导游词英文篇
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归元寺英文导游词
GuiyuanTemple
ChineseBuddhisttemplesareneversinglebuildings.Theyalwaysconsistofagroupbuildingsfollowingafundamentalpatter,whichcan,however,bemodified.Themainbuildingsandtheirsymmetricallycorrespondingsecondarybuildingsformindividualgroupsandcourtyards.Theentiretemplecomplexisspacious.Thebuildinginsidethecomplexareusuallysingle-storiedandthemainhallsaresometimesdecoratedwithadoubleroof.Thetowers,pavilionsandhallscanbemulti-storiedstructures.
TheChinesetemplecomplexhasbeensubjecttogreatstructuralchangesthroughoutthecenturies.ButtemplearchitectsfollowthebasicprinciplesofsecularstructuresfromtheTangDynastyonwards.Thecomplexesstandonacentralaxis,usuallyanorth-southaxis:
east-westonlyasanexception.(GuiyuanTempleisjusttheveryexception.)Themainbuildingsarestrungalongthiscentralaxis,theirbroadestsidesfacingsouthoreast.
ThemostimportantandmostfrequentlypresentedbuildinginsideaBuddhisttemplecomplexarethemainentrancegate,thebellanddrumtowers,theHalloftheHeavenlyKings,theHalloftheBuddhaandapagoda.
BuddhismissaidtobefoundedinIndiainthe6thcenturyBCbySiddathaGautama(BC565–BC486),thesonofanoblemanandmemberoftheKshatriyacastenearthepresentbordersofIndiaandNepal.BuddhismadvocatesthatallthepeoplearecreatedequalandturnsagainstthecastesystemofBrahmanism,soitwaspopularwiththecommonpeople.
ItwassaidthatBuddhismwasspreadtoChinain2BC.Atthebeginning,itwasonlyregardedasakindofwitch.About200AD,ChineseversionofBuddhistscripturesbegantoappear,andthus,BuddhistdoctrinesbegantoemergewithtraditionalChinesereligiousthought.From2ndcenturytolate6thcentury,translationandresearchofBuddhistsectswithChinesecharacteristicswerebecomingmoreandmorepopularandmanytempleswerebuilt,whichreacheditspeakinSuiDynasty(581AD-617AD)andTangDynasty(618-907).SomeBuddhistsectswithChinesecharacteristicscameintobeing.BuddhismexertsagreatinfluenceonChinesephilosophy,literature,artandfolkcustoms.
WhatispresentedbeforeoureyesisacopperstatueofafamousbodhisattvainHynayanaBuddhism.BodhisattvaisatittlewhichisonlynexttoBuddha.ThisstatueistheimageofAvalokitesvara,whichhasbeenpopularwithChinesepeopleormorethan1,000years.SheiscalledtheGoddessofMercycordiallybyChineseandisregardedasthesymbolofkindness,mercyandbenevolence.WhenwevisittheAvalokitesvaraPavilionafterawhile,Iwillgiveadetailedintroductionabouther.ThiscopperstatuewassenttoGuiyuanTemplebyTaiwanBuddhistsinSeptember1990.ItshowsthatallChinese,whetherinthemainlandorinTaiwan,areeagerforthereunionofthecountry,evenincludingreligionbelievers.
ThebuildingweseenowistheBuddhaHallwhereonecertainBuddhaandhistwoassistantbodhisattvasesareworshiped.ThisBuddhaisAmitabhaBuddha.Amitabhameansincomparablebrightness.AccordingtoBuddhism,timeandspaceislimitlessandthustherearemanymanyBuddhasindifferentspacesandtimes.Butinacertainspaceorinacertainperiodoftime,thereisonlyonecertainBuddhawhoisinchargeofinstructingalllivingcreatures.AmitabhaBuddhaistheBuddhawhopresidesovertheLandofUltimateBlissinthewest,whichwillcomeinthefuture.BuddhistscripturesdescribetheLandofUltimateBlissasawonderland,inwhichnopainexistsandthepeopleenjoytheirlives.Inoneword,it’sveryattractive.Somepeoplewillthinkitmustbeverydifficulttoentersuchaworld.HowcanIgotosuchaparadise?
MaybeIhavetoworkhardandbearalotofsufferings.Infact,it’sveryeasytoentertheworld.Heonlyneedoftenmurmur‘MayBuddhapreserveus’sincerely.It’senough.
Yousee,thestatueinthemiddleistheveryBuddha.OnhisleftistheGoddessofMercy.OnhisrightistheotherbodhisattvawhofollowstheBuddha.Itissaidthathecansaveallthelivingcreaturesfromthreekindsofterribledisasters.
Now,let’sstepintotheBuddhistscripturesPavilionwherethescripturesofBuddhismarekept.ButI‘mafraidwhatattractsourattentionatthefirstsightmustbethissnow-whitestatue.ItisastatueofSakyamuni,thefounderofBuddhism.Thisstatuewascarvedoutofabigpieceofjadewhichis2-meter-tallandweighs3tons.ItwascarvedbyMyanmarhandicraftsmenanddonatedtothetemplebytheRangoonBuddhistsin1935.
Ifwewatchthestatue,wemaysensethatthepeacefulexpressionontheBuddha’sfacehasbroughtustoaquietandharmoniousstate.
ThelastbuildingwewillvisitistheAvalokitesvaraPavilioninthenorthyard.Whenweenteredtheyardjustnowwesawastatueofher.NowI’dliketointroducehercarefully.
Asagoddess,shesworethatshewouldnotbecomeaBuddhauntilallthelivingcreaturessufferingfrompainsweresaved.SoshebecameabodhisattvawhoismostpopularamongthepeopleandattractsthemostbelieversofallthegodsandgoddessesinBuddhism.Itwassaidthatonewouldbesavedfromtroubleanddisasteraslongashe(she)chantedhernameandifitwasheardbyher.ThussheiscalledGuanshiyin,whichmeans‘hearingorlookingonthevoicesofthesuffering’.Becauseofherkindheartandbenevolenceshegotanothertitle‘theGoddessofMercy’.
AccordingtoBuddhism,bodhisattvaseshavenodistinctionofsex,thatis,theyareneithermalenorfemale,becausetheyareimmortals.Butit’sverystrangeandinterestingthatmostofbodhisattvaseswereengravedorcarvedintheimagesofvariouskindsofmeninhumansociety.Changesdidn’ttakeplaceuntilanemperor’smotherthoughtitwasinconvenienttoworshipamalebodhisattvainherbedroom.Fromthenon,Guanshiyin,thebodhisattvasbegantoappearbeforeherbelieversintheimageofabeautifulandelegantlady.
We’llpayavisittoaveryserious,sacredplace.Generally,theplaceisregardedasthemostholybyBuddhists.ItistheGrandHall,wherethefounderofBuddhism,Sakyamuniisworshiped.ItisalwaysthecenterofaBuddhisttempleinconstructionandinBuddhists’mind.
ThestatueinthemiddleisSakyamuni.AccordingtoBuddhismhismothergavebirthtohiminagarden.HebelongedtoKshatreyaCaste.Hemarriedhiscousinwhenhewas16or17yearsold.Attheageof29,hewasconfrontedwiththesightsofanoldman,asickman,acorpse,andawanderingascetic.Witheyesopenedtoaspectsoflifenewlyrevealedtohim,hebrokefromthematerialworldandbecameanascetic.Sixyearslater,hegaveupmysticconcentrationthatatlastbroughthimenlightenmentunderabotree.Hethenfoundedanorderofmendicantsandspenthisnext45yearspreachinghisideasuntilhisdeath.
ThesetwostatuebesidetheBuddhaarehistwodisciples.TheoneontherightwassaidtobeSakyamuni’scousinandhehadgoodmemorysothathecouldrememberalltheBuddhatoldhisdisciples.TheoneontheleftwassaidtobethelordofBrahmnismandheoncewasSakyamuni’stutor.ButafterwardshewasconvincedbyBuddhismafterlong-termdebatebetweenBuddhismandotherreligionsandheacceptedSakyamuniashistutor.ThushebecametheeldestoneofallSakyamuni’sdisciples.
Next,we’llpayavisittotheAhratHallinthesouthcourt.
TheAhratHallisanimportantstructureinaBuddhisttemple.ButnotalltempleshaveanAhratHall,especially,well-keptAhratHallsareveryrareinChina.Thisoneisamongthem,andwhat’smore,ithasitsownuniquecharacteristics.
Generally,anAhratHallisasquarebuilding.Thebuildingissubdividedintofoursmallsquarecourtssothatthehallcangetenoughsunlight.ThiskindofstructureshowsomeluckyimpliesinChineseBuddhistculture.
Anothercharacteristicaboutthehallliesinthesesculpturesthemselves.Theywereneithermadeupofwood,norstone,norclay.Aspecialwaywastakeninmakingthem,whichcouldpreventsthemfrombeingburned,beingsoakedorbeingeatenbyinsects.AllthesculptureswerefloatinginwaterwhileWuhanwasfloodedin1954,but,surprisingly,theyweresoundandsafeafterthefloodhadreceded.Itwasreallyawonder.
AhratsaretheimmortalsinBuddhism.Butwhenyouhavealookaroundthesculptures,youmayfindfromtheexpressionsontheirfacesthattheyaresofamiliartoyou.That’sonlybecausetheyweremoldedonthebasisofthepeopleinthereality,sotheyarehumanbeingsinourdailyliferatherthanimmortals.
Ahratsarethesymbolsofharmony,happiness,andgoodluck,sotheWuhannativeshavegotusedtocountingahratssinceancienttimetoprayforpeace.Thereareafewwaysofcountingahrats.Wecancountfromthefirstahratfromlefttorightorfromrighttoleft,whenwejustenterthehall.Wecanalsochooseanyahratasourstartingpoint,andcountinthesameway,lefttorightorrighttoleft.Weshouldbasecountingonourownageswhateverwetake.Forexample,I’m25,soIshouldstopinfrontofthe25thahratfromthestartingahrat.ThesculptureinfrontofwhichIstopismyluckyahrat.Myluckyahratwillaccompanymetospendapeacefulandluckyyear.Wouldn’tyouliketohaveatrynow?
Ifyouneed,Icanexplainconnotationofsomeahrats.
That’sallfortheexplanationtoGuiyuanTemple.Thankyouforyourcooperationandunderstanding.Youwillhaveanother30minutestohavealookaroundthetemple.
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