新高考英语词汇语篇模式一轮复习教学案含作业主题语境2 Topic 40.docx

新高考英语词汇语篇模式一轮复习教学案含作业主题语境2 Topic 40.docx

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新高考英语词汇语篇模式一轮复习教学案含作业主题语境2Topic40

Topic40　刑事与战争

犯罪（Crime）

　　case,rob,criminal,escape,risk,________[ɡIlt]4,hostage,suspect,monitor,________['pʌnIʃ]13,against,besentencedto,breakinto,drug,sell,burglary,thief,restriction,steal,investigate,violence,identify,protest,murder,prison,putintoprison

法律（Law）

　judge,court,law,bechargedwith,proposed,statement,legal,critical,________['evIdəns]38,besentencedto,document,justice,fair,obeytherulesandregulations

战争（War）

war,breakout,harm,doharmto,pain,bearrestfor,arrest,chase,__________　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[dI'fend]10,rebel,guard,soldier,atwarwith,________[dI'kleə（r）]21,booming,declarewar,army,________[fɔːs]93,byforce

和平（Peace）

　　peace,terrorism,inpeace,____________['sImbl]33,represent,prvent,appointment

反对与期盼（OppositionandExpectation）

　　oppose,infavourof,objectexpectation,lookforwardto

意义影响（Influence）

　　________['sʌfə（r）]56,sufferfrom,________['dæmIdʒ]58,dodamageto,________[sə'vaIv]36,inaneffortto,realize,recognize,importance

guilt;punish;evidence;defend;declare;force;symbol;suffer;damage;survive

escape

①Heescapedfromprisonthismorning.

②（2019·天津高考）Yet,nowthatI'mgrowingandtheworldIonceknewasbeingsosimpleisbecomingmorecomplex,Ifindmyselfneedingawaytoescape.

③（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.

（1）单句语法填空

①Heescaped________prison,butwasrearrestedbypoliceamonthlater.

②Thenaughtyboywasluckytoescape________（punish）．

★答案★：

①from　②beingpunished

（2）单句写作

①这只鸟避免了被杀死。

Thebird____________________.

②他设法从燃烧的车里逃了出来。

Hemanagedto____________________.

③他在这起事故中幸免于难。

Hehada____________________inthisaccident.

★答案★：

①escapedbeingkilled　②escapefromtheburningcar　③narrowescape

（1）v.（从监禁或管制中）逃跑，逃走，逃出togetawayfromaplacewhereyouhavebeenkeptasaprisonerornotallowedtoleave

（2）v.（从不愉快或危险处境中）逃脱，摆脱，逃避togetawayfromanunpleasantordangeroussituation

（3）n.逃跑；逃脱；逃避theactoramethodofescapingfromaplaceoranunpleasantordangeroussituation

risk

①（2018·江苏高考）Shesaidsocialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotionalrisks.

②（2018·北京高考）Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrappedinthemountainsfortwodays.

③Itwasadifficultdecisionbutwedecidedtoriskit.

（1）单句语法填空

①Aswithalldiseases,certaingroupswillbemore________riskthanothers.

②Don'ttheyneedtorisk________（do）sowhenjustgraduatingfromschool?

③Hewasdeterminedtogetthereeven________theriskofhislife.

④Itwasa________（risk）operation,butmightsavemoretime.

★答案★：

①at　②doing　③at　④risky

（2）单句写作

①他冒着生命危险救她。

Hesavedher____________________hislife.

②公司的整个前途受到威胁。

Thewholefutureofthecompanyis____________.

★答案★：

①attheriskof　②atrisk

（1）n.危险；风险thepossibilityofsth.badhappeningatsometimeinthefuture;asituationthatcouldbedangerousorhaveabadresult

（2）v.使……冒风险（或面临危险）toputsth.valuableorimportantinadangeroussituation,inwhichitcouldbelostordamaged

（3）v.冒险做；（明知结果而）大胆做todosth.thatyouknowisnotreallyagoodideaormaynotsucceed

riskdoingsth.冒……危险；明知……也要做

atrisk处于危险中

attheriskof冒……的危险

atone'sownrisk自担风险

take/runtheriskof冒……的危险

riskyadj.有危险（或风险）的

defend

①（2018·浙江高考）WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.

②MattdefendedallofClarence'sdecisions,rightorwrong.

③HehasemployedoneoftheUK'stoplawyerstodefendhim.

（1）选词填空：

defend/protect/prevent/guard

①Youneedtoputonmoreclothesto________youagainstthecold.

②Youmusttakemeasuresto________theforestagainstfires.

③Weshould________ourcountryagainstitsenemies.

④Wemust________thesheepfromeatingourcrops.

★答案★：

①protect　②guard　③defend　④prevent

（2）单句语法填空

①Todefend________theattackoftheenemy,manysoldierswerekilled.

②Thegovernmenthastakenmeasurestoprotecttheenvironment________beingpolluted.

③Theheavyrainpreventedus________goingtopark.

④Inthosedaystheplacewasheavily________（guard）．

★答案★：

①against　②from　③from　④guarded

（3）单句写作

①她大胆为自己的信仰辩护。

Shespokeup____________________.

②我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。

____________________thatsheknewnothingaboutitbeforehand.

③一旦发生战争，每一个人都会卫国抗敌。

_________________________________________________________________

★答案★：

①indefenceofherbelief　②Ihavetosayinherdefence　③Oncethereisawar,everyoneofuswilldefendourcountryagainstenemies.

（1）v.防御；保护；保卫toprotectsb./sth.fromattack

（2）v.辩解；辩白tosayorwritesth.insupportofsb./sth.thathasbeencriticized

（3）v.（为……）辩护，当辩护律师toactasalawyerforsb.whohasbeenchargedwithacrime

defend...with用……来保卫

defendsb./sth.from（against）...保护……免受……

defencen.防卫；防御；防御物，防御设施

indefenceof为了保卫；辩护；拥护

insb.'sdefence为某人辩护

defencelessadj.不能自卫的，无防御的

defend/protect/prevent/guard

defend

指抵御或击退外来威胁或进攻。

也可指为某人辩护或捍卫原则的纯洁性

protect

指采取保护措施，使之不受伤害或损伤，常用于防御风雨、疾病或保护权益等

prevent

表示“防止，阻止”，不让某事发生

guard

指小心谨慎地对可能的危险进行防御，以维护安全，含警戒之意

declare

①（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplanstoretirefromher36yearoldbusiness.

②Hedeclaredhisintentiontobecomethebestgolferintheworld.

③Yourincomemustbedeclaredonthisform.

（1）单句语法填空

①Therefereedeclaredhim________（be）thewinnerofthefight.

②Thecommitteedeclared________theplan,becausetheythoughtitreasonable.

③Policehavenowdeclaredwar________drugdealersinthearea.

④Theywillaskyoutosigna________（declare）allowingyourdoctortodiscloseyourmedicaldetails.

★答案★：

①tobe　②for　③on　④declaration

（2）单句写作

①她宣称再也不想见到他了。

She________________shedidn'twanttoseehimagain.

②我宣布会议结束。

Ideclare________________________.

★答案★：

①declaredthat　②themeeting（tobe）closed

（1）v.公布；宣布；宣告tosaysth.officiallyorpublicly

（2）v.表明；宣称；断言tostatesth.firmlyandclearly

（3）v.申报（收益）totellthetaxauthoritieshowmuchmoneyyouhaveearned

declareagainst声明反对

declarefor声明赞成

declaresth./sb.（tobe/as）＋n./adj.宣布……为……；断言……为……

declare＋that从句宣布，宣称……

declarewar（on/against）（向……）宣战

Itis/wasdeclared＋that从句宣布……

declarationn.宣告；声明；布告

force

①Wewillachievemuchmorebypersuasionthanbyforce.

②（2019·北京高考）Justasinagameoftugofwar（拔河比赛）,wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.

③（2017·江苏高考）Companiescouldbeforcedtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmuchmoneytheymakefromit.

④Theywereforcingherheadundertheicywaters,drowningher.

（1）单句语法填空

①Nobodycouldforcehim________（do）whathethoughtwaswrong.

②Itwouldbebettertousestrategythantoattack________force.

③Thenewsafetyregulationisnow________force.

★答案★：

①todo　②by　③in

（2）单句写作

①经济危机迫使很多公司倒闭。

Thefinancialcrisis____________________closedown.

②小偷用暴力夺走了老人的钱。

Thethieftookthemoneyfromtheoldman________________.

③新规章什么时候开始执行？

Whendothenewregulations________________？

★答案★：

①forcedmanycompaniesto　②byforce　③comeintoforce

（1）n.武力；暴力violentphysicalactionusedtoobtainorachievesth.

（2）n.力；力量thephysicalstrengthofsth.thatisshownasithitssth.else

（3）v.强迫，迫使（某人做某事）tomakesb.dosth.thattheydonotwanttodo

（4）v.用力，强行（把……移动）tousephysicalstrengthtomovesb./sth.intoaparticularposition

forcesb.to_dosth.＝forcesb.intodoingsth.强迫某人做某事

forcesth.＋adj.强行使某物……

byforce用暴力；强迫地

inforce有效的；大批地

comeintoforce（使法律、规则等）生效；开始执行

suffer

①（2019·浙江6月高考）Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.

②（2015·湖北高考）Theastronautswillsufferfromacarbondioxideheadachewhentheyexerciseinoneplaceforalongtime.

（1）根据首字母或汉语提示填空

①Thecompanys________hugelossesinthelastfinancialyear.

②Thiswarhascausedwidespreadhuman________（苦难）．

★答案★：

①suffered　②suffering

（2）单句语法填空

①Readingfictionhelpsthosewhodonotsuffer________lonelinesstounderstandlonelypeople.

②Manyofhisnovelshavedescribedthe________（suffering）ofhisrace.

★答案★：

①from　②sufferings

（3）单句写作

①如果那是真的，两家公司都会蒙受巨大的损失。

Ifthatweretrue,bothcompanieswould________________________________.

②他当初草率决定，现在为此吃苦头了。

Hemadearashdecisionandnowheis________________.

★答案★：

①suffergreatloss　②sufferingforit

（1）v.遭受；蒙受toexperiencesth.unpleasant,suchasinjury,defeatorloss

（2）v.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨tobebadlyaffectedbyadisease,pain,sadness,alackofsth.,etc.

（1）suffer指“遭受，变差”，通常指结果。

其宾语一般是loss,pain,insult,punishment,defeat,hardship等。

（2）sufferfrom表示“患……病；受……苦”，其宾语一般是疾病或自然灾害之类的名词。

damage

①（2019·全国卷Ⅰ）Thecrowdsmightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.

②（2018·天津高考）Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.

（1）选词填空：

destroy/damage/ruin

①They've________alltheevidence.

②Theancienthouse________byfire.

③Hisheart________asaresultofhislongillness.

④You've________mybicycle.Youshan'thaveitagain.

⑤Hisprideisto________hisfuture.

★答案★：

①destroyed　②wasdamaged/destroyed　③isdamaged　④destroyed　⑤ruin

（2）单句写作

①这起事故对环境造成了很大的损害。

Theaccident____________________theenvironment.

②汤姆遇到意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。

Tomhadanaccidentand____________________.

③吸烟严重损害你的健康。

Smokingseriously____________________.

★答案★：

①didgreatdamageto　②damagedthebike　③damagesyourhealth

（1）v.损害；伤害；毁坏；破坏toharmorspoilsth./sb.

（2）n.损坏，破坏，损失physicalharmcausedtosth.whichmakesitlessattractive,usefulorvaluable

do/caused