全国研究生考试英语一真题及参考答案.docx
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全国研究生考试英语一真题及参考答案.docx
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全国研究生考试英语一真题及参考答案
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
(一)试题
SectionI UseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations. 1 ,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit 2.
Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwashadtomyoverallfitnessgoats.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto 5 mygoals.
Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate 6ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight 7 alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.
Forthese 9 ,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantformeto11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand 12 anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13 mytrainingprogram.
Iusemybimonthlyweigh-in14 togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI’mconstantly15 anddroppingweight,thisisa 16 thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.
The 17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.I’mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa 18morningweigh-in.I’vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals, 19 I’mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.
Ratherthan20 overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feelhowyourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.
1.[A]Besides[B]Therefore[C]Otherwise[D]However
2.[A]helps[B]cares[C]warns[D]reduces
3.[A]initially[B]solely[C]occasionally[D]formally
4.[A]recording[B]lowering[C]explaining[D]accepting
5.[A]modify[B]set[C]review[D]reach
6.[A]definition[B]depiction[C]distribution[D]prediction
7.[A]dueto[B]regardlessof[C]asidefrom[D]alongwith
8.[A]orderly[B]rigid[C]precise[D]immediate
9.[A]claims[B]judgments[C]reasons[D]methods
10.[A]instead[B]though[C]again[D]indeed
11.[A]track[B]overlook[C]conceal[D]report
12.[A]dependon[B]approveof[C]holdonto[D]accountfor
13.[A]share[B]adjust[C]confirm[D]prepare
14.[A]results[B]features[C]rules[D]tests
15.[A]bored[B]anxious[C]hungry[D]sick
16.[A]principle[B]secret[C]belief[D]sign
17.[A]request[B]necessity[C]decision[D]wish
18.[A]disappointing[B]surprising[C]restricting[D]consuming
19.[A]ifbecause[B]unless[C]until[D]consuming
20.[A]obsessing[B]dominating[C]puzzling[D]triumphing
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay “I’msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends—andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.
Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortable—it’stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated. “Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,” saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren’tbinary—feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.
Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.
Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:
Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.
Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren’sself-observations,sheratedeachchild’soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn’tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild’sdeprivation.
“That’sgoodnews,” Maltisays. “Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.”
21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp______.
A)regulateachild'sbasicemotions
B)improveachild'sintellectualability
C)fosterachild’smoraldevelopment
D)intensityachild'spositivefeelings
22.Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe______.
A)deceptive
B)burdensome
C)addictive
D)deception
23.Vaishholdthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat______.
A)emotionsarecontext-independent
B)emotionsaresociallyconstructive
C)emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth
D)anemotioncanplayopposingroles
24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing_______.
A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies
B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt
C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction
D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts
25.Theword“transgressions” (Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_______.
A.teachings
B.discussions
C.restrictions
D.wrongdoings
Text2
Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneofthelardercallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.
Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable“carbonsinks” longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.
Thestate’sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest’scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafine,fewertreesareconsumed.
Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.
Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030-financedfromtheproceedsofthestate’semissions-permitauctions.That’sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.
Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.
Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey’vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California’splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.
26.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenges,” theauthorimpliesthat_______.
A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol
B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming
C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise
D.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat
27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,” wemayneedto_______.
A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem
B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees
C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants
D.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity
28.California’sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto_______.
A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees
B.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests
C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects
D.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires
29.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia’splan
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