同等学力英语备考阅读理解含答案.docx
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同等学力英语备考阅读理解含答案.docx
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同等学力英语备考阅读理解含答案
Passage1
Properarrangementofclassroomspaceisimportanttoencouraginginteraction.Mostofushavenoticedhowimportantphysicalsettingistoefficiencyandcomfortinourwork.Today'scorporationhirehumanengineeringspecialistsandspendaconsiderableamountoftimeandmoneytomakesurethatthephysicalenvironmentsofbuildingsarefittotheactivitiesoftheirinhabitants.
Similarly,collegeclassroomspaceshouldbedesignedtoencouragetheactivityofcriticalthinking.Wearealreadyinthetwenty-firstcentury,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears.Desksarenormallyinstraightrows,sostudentscanclearlyseetheteacherbutnotalltheirclassmates.Thisassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious:
Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher.
Withalittleimaginationandeffort,unlessdesksarefixedtothefloor,theteachercancorrectthissituationandcreatespacethatencouragesinterchangeamongstudents.Insmallorstandardizedclasses,chairs,desks,andtablescanbearrangedinavarietyofways:
circles,U-shapes,orsemicircles.Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse.Largerclasses,particularthoseheldinlecturehalls,unfortunately,allowmuchlessflexibility.
Arrangementoftheclassroomshouldalsomakeiteasytodividestudentsintosmallgroupsfordiscussionorproblem-solvingexercises.Smallclasseswithmovabledesksandtablespresentnoproblem.Eveninlargelecturehalls,itispossibleforstudentstoturnaroundandformgroupoffourtosix.Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidesmoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheachother,thinkoutloud,andseehowotherstudents’thinkingprocessesoperate--allessentialelementsindevelopingnewmodesofcriticalthinking.
Incoursesthatregularlyuseasmallgroupformat,studentsmightbeaskedtostayinthesamesmallgroupsthroughoutthecourse.Acolleagueofmineallowsstudentstomovearoundduringthefirsttwoweeks,untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Hethenasksthemtostayinthesameseat,withthesamegroup,fromthattimeon.Thisnotonlycreatesacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudents’namesandfaces.
1.Accordingtothepassage,properarrangementofphysicalenvironmentinacompany_______.
A.canimproveworkingconditions
B.leadstoanfriendlyatmosphere
C.canpromoteworkingefficiency
D.produceanenergeticteamleader
2.Desksinstraightrowsinatraditionalclassroomimply_______.
A.theimportanceoffacialexpressions
B.groupworkisnotwelcomeinclass
C.strictrulesthatmustbeabidedby
D.theabsoluteauthorityofteachers
3.Themostimportantgoalofclassroomarrangementisto_______.
A.createmorechancesofinteractionamongstudents
B.increasemorespeakingpracticesamongstudents
C.makeitpossibleforteacherstojudgehowwellstudentshavelearned
D.improvetherelationshipbetweenstudentsandteachers
4.Bydividingstudentsintosmallgroups,teachers_______.
A.finditeasiertohandlethein-classteaching
B.canparticipateingroupworkconveniently
C.helpdevelopstudents’abilitiesincriticalthinking
D.reinforcestudents’abilityincooperationandcommunication
5.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthor_______.
A.criticizestheimportanceofteachersinclass
B.stressestheimportanceofinteractionamongstudents
C.isreluctanttoteachinaclassroominthe21stcentury
D.iseagertoreformthedeskarrangementsinhiscollege
Passage4
Materialculturereferstowhatcanbeseen,held,felt,used--whatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusicculture.Themostvividbodyofmaterialcultureinit,ofcourse,ismusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusicculturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:
instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturedinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestra.
Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusicculturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,Britain,andAmerica.Printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusicand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusiccultureasawhole.
Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:
theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia--radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,television,andvideocassette,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe"informationrevolution",atwentieth-centuryphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutionwasinthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodemnations;theyhaveaffectedmusicculturesallovertheglobe.
6.Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportancebecause__
A.ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnology
B.itcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenation
C.ithelpsunderstandthenation’spastandpresent
D.itcandemonstratethenation’scivilization
7.Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat_____
A.theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEasternandChinesemusic
B.NearEasternmusichadaninfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyOrchestra
C.thedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEasternandWesternmusic
D.themusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestraweredevelopedonthebasisofNearEasternmusic
8.Accordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause___
A.ithasagreateffectonthemusiccultureasmoreandmorepeopleareabletoreadit
B.ittendstostandardizefolksongswhenitisusedbyfolkmusicians
C.itistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusic
D.itencouragespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongs
9.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronicmediaintotheworldofmusic__
A.hasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolution
B.hasspeededuptheappearanceofanewgenerationofcomputers
C.hasgivenrisetonewformsofmusicculture
D.hasledtothetransformationoftraditionalmusicalinstruments
10.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbereplacedbycomputers.
B.Musiccannotbepassedontofuturegenerationsunlessitisrecorded.
C.Folksongscannotbespreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets.
D.Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterialaspect.
Passage5
You’rebusyfillingouttheapplicationformforapositionyoureallyneed.Let’sassumeyouonceactuallycompletedacoupleofyearsofcollegeworkoreventhatyoucompletedyourdegree.Isn’tittemptingtoliejustalittle,toclaimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsaHarvarddegree?
OrthatyoufinishedanextracoupleofyearsbackatStateUniversity?
Moreandmorepeopleareturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareers,forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanyway,butheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuniversity.
Registrarsatmostwell-knowncollegessaytheydealwithdeceitfulclaimsliketheseattherateofaboutoneperweek.Personnelofficersdocheckupondegreeslistedonapplicationforms,then.Ifitturnsoutthatanapplicantislying,mostcollegesarereluctanttoaccusetheapplicantdirectly.OneIvyLeagueschoolcallsthem"impostors(骗子)";anotherreferstothemas"specialcases".Onewell-knownWestCoastschool,inperhapsthemostdelicatephraseofall,saysthattheseclaimsaremadeby"nosuchpeople".Toavoidoutright(彻底的)lies,somejob-seekersclaimthatthey"attended"or"wereassociatedwith"acollegeoruniversity.Aftercarefullychecking,apersonnelofficermaydiscoverthat"attending"meansbeingdismissedafteronesemester.Itmaybethat"beingassociatedwith"acollegemeansthatthejob-seekervisitedhisyoungerbrotherforafootballweekend.Oneschoolthatkeepsrecordsoffalseclaimssaysthatthepracticedatesbackatleasttotheturnofthecentury---that’swhentheybegankeepingrecords,anyhow.Ifyoudon’twanttolieorevenstretchthetruth,therearecompaniesthatwillsellyouaphonydiploma.
Onecompany,withofficesinNewYorkandontheWestCoast,willputyournameonadiplomafromanynumberofnonexistentcolleges.Thepricebeginsataroundtwentydollarsforadiplomafrom"SmootStateUniversity".Thepricesincreaserapidlyforadegreefromthe"UniversityofPurdue".Asthereisn
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