第9章英语写作教学的方法与技巧.docx
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第9章英语写作教学的方法与技巧.docx
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第9章英语写作教学的方法与技巧
第9章英语写作教学的方法与技巧
第四节写作方法与技巧训练
一、潜意识写作训练法
潜意识写作训练法是帮助学生快速有效写作的一条捷径。
潜意识写作就是让学生在不知不觉当中进行写作,写作前老师不明确向学生布置写作任务,只要求他们回答问题,这些问题都是老师根据写作的程序和写作的内容来设计的,学生的正确回答就是文章的基本构架和主旨内容。
设计这种方法的目的就是尽量减少学生一开始对写作的神秘感和畏难情绪,将语言的两种产出——口头产出(说)和笔头产出(写)结合起来。
在老师的引导之下,学生由说向写过渡,再通过学生的记忆对师生课堂说的内容进行筛选并用笔记录下来,最后通过老师的讲评,让学生从一种无意识状态下的写作过渡到有意识的模仿写作,学生在“恍然大悟”中掌握写作的基本规范和基本技巧。
如论说文的写作:
第一步:
老师板书,给予主题。
T:
同学们!
我们今天这节英语课只需要回答几个问题,请看黑板上的一句话:
ScienceisaTwo-bladeSword(科学是一柄双刃剑。
)
第二步:
老师以提问题的方式引导学生表述自己对句子的理解。
QuestionOne
T:
Howdoyouunderstandtheword“two-blade”(双刃)?
S1:
Thefirstblade(第一刃)meanssciencecanbringushappiness.
T:
Whataboutthesecondblade?
S2:
Thesecondblademeanssciencecanbringussuffering.
QuestionTwo
T:
Canyougivesomeexamplestoexplainthetwodifferentopinions?
S3:
Since1950'smanychangeshavetakenplacebecauseofthescientificdevelopment.Sciencehasbroughtalotofthingstoourlifesuchascomputer,VCD,TV,radio,etc.Ourlifeisgettingmoreandmorecolourfulandinteresting.
QuestionThree
T:
Whocansupplyexamplestosupportthesecondopinion?
S4:
Sciencehasalsogivenushumanbeingsmanynewweapons.Sowearegoingnearertowars,deathanddestructions
QuestionFour
T:
Whocanusetwoorthreesentencestosummarize(总结)whatwesaidabove?
S5:
Sciencehastwosides—advantagesordisadvantages.Ifwemakefullandrightuseofit,wecanbenefitalotandenjoymuchpleasurefromit.
第三步:
组段成文(去掉问题)。
ScienceIsaTwo-bladeSword
Sciencecanbringushappiness.Atthesametimesciencecanbringussuffering
Since1950’smanychangeshavetakenplacebecauseofthescientificprogress.Ithasbroughtalotofthingstoourlifesuchascomputer,VCD,TV,radio,etc.Ourlifeisgettingmoreandmorecolourfulandinteresting.Sciencehasalsogivenushumanbeingsmanynewweapons.Sowearegoingnearertowars,deathanddestructions.
Sciencehastwosides(advantagesordisadvantages).Ifwemakefullandrightuseofit,wecanimproveourselvesandenjoymuchpleasurefromit.
第四步:
评讲解析。
议论文一般包括三个部分——论点、论据和结论。
三部分写作要求如下:
(1)目的:
论证一个正确的观点或批驳一个错误观点。
(2)写作要求
a.论点:
正确,鲜明,有实际意义。
如:
Scienceisatwo-bladesword,whichcanbringushappinessandsufferings.
b.论据:
论证举例源于生活,并有典型意义,讲究时空顺序。
如computer,VCD,TV,radio等,代表不同时期的高科技的结晶。
c.结论:
不能与论点的观点相矛盾,简明扼要,强化论点。
二、主题跟踪迁移式写作
FastFoodIsaTwo-bladeSword
Aseveryoneknows,fastfoodisnowpopularintheworld.Itisquicklyandeasilypreparedandservedforthepeople,Inrestaurantsweeatthematonceandtakeawayeasily.Butifweeatfastfoodveryoften,itwilldomuchharmtous.
Whenwearebusyworkingoroutonbusinessintown,it'sconvenientforustohavefastfood.Wecanbothsavetimeandmoney.Asweallknowfastfoodcontainsmuchfatandprotein.Wecantakealotofitintoourbodyandbecomefat.Besides,itwillevencauseussomediseases.Atpresentwecanenjoyfastfoodatanytimeandanywhere.Itgivesustakeawayfoodandeasyservice.Rememberwedon’teatthemtoooftenthoughfriedchickensandhamburgersaredelicious.
三、“读”“写”“评”迁移写作训练
例一Howtowriteanote?
1.Readingamodelnote(阅读范文)
AskingforSickLeave
May15
Mr.Guo,
Iamseriouslyilltoday.ThedoctorsuggestsIstayathomeandlieinbed,soIcannotcometoschool.Iamwritingtoaskforsickleaveofthreedays.
Encl.Doctor'scertificateforsickleave.
Yourstudent,
LiBing
2.Imitatingandwriting(模仿写作)
王老师:
我今天患重感冒,医生建议我卧床休息,故今天不能来校上课。
要求请病假两天。
附:
医生病假证明
学生:
李红
5月20日
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.Commentingonthewriting(自我评价或老师讲评)
(1)便条书写格式
A.日期和称呼(称呼可以随便一些)
Mr.Guo, May20
B.正文
Ihavehadabadcold.ThedoctorsuggeststhatIshouldlieinbed,soIcannotcometoschooltoday.Iamaskingforsickleaveoftwodays.
C.附加
Encl.Doctor'scertificateforsickleave
D.署名
(署名写上留条人的姓名,如果十分熟悉,只写姓或名。
)
Yourstudents,
LiHong
(2)便条基本要求
A.目的:
临时的询问,留言、通知、要求等。
B.形式:
请假条、续假条、留言条等。
C.文字:
口语化,简洁,一两句话就行。
D.内容:
当日或两三天内要办的事。
例二Howtowriteanotice?
1.Readingamodelnotice(阅读范文)
Notice
TherewillbeanEnglishlectureonschooleducationintheU.S.byMr.JonesfromFloridaUniversity.ItwillbegiveninthelecturehallonFridayafternoonfrom1:
30to3:
30,September20,2000.Thosewhoareinterestedinitarewarmlywelcome.
Pleasebeontime.
TheStudents'Union
Sep.18,2003
2.Imitatingandwriting(模仿写作)
海报
讲座内容:
语言与文化(culture)
主持人:
湖北教育学院曹曼教授
时间:
2002.4.16,周六,晚7:
00~8:
30
地点:
304教室主办单位:
英语系
3.Commentingonyourwriting(自我评价或老师评议)
(1)书面通知应涵盖的信息是六个“W”、一个“H”。
what:
languageandculture
who:
CaoMan
whom:
students
when:
from7:
00to8:
30,onSaturdayafternoon,April4th,2002
where:
classroom304
how:
alecture
(注:
有的通知还需说明原因why)
(2)格式(首尾相顾,主体突出)
head:
Notice
body:
TherewillbeanEnglishlectureonLanguageandCulturebyProf.ManCaofromtheEnglishDepartmentofourcollege.ItwillbegiveninClassroom304onSaturdayeveningfrom7:
00to7:
30,April16,2002.Thosewhoareinterestedinitarewarmlywelcome.
thenameofthesender:
theEnglishDepartment
time:
April4,2002
(3)(正文)行文顺序(主次轻重)
a.what——lecture
b.who——CaoMan
c.where——classroom304
d.when——from7:
30to8:
30,onSaturdayafternoon,April4th,2002
四、要点拓展式五步写作训练
以如何写Notice为例:
Step1:
阅读要点,避免跑题
1.visittodifferentplaces
2.onSaturday,July22
3.leaveafterbreakfastateight
4.lunchattheplaceofvisit
ebackintheafternoon
6.sixgroups
7.eachgrouptoaplace
8.eachpersoniswelcometojoinonegroup
9.writedownyournameinthenamelist
10.saywhichplaceyouwishtovisit
Step2:
逐词斟酌,拓展成句
1._________________________________________________________________________.
2._________________________________________________________________________.
3._________________________________________________________________________.
4._________________________________________________________________________.
5._________________________________________________________________________.
6._________________________________________________________________________.
7._________________________________________________________________________.
8._________________________________________________________________________.
9._________________________________________________________________________.
10._________________________________________________________________________.
Step3:
先后有别,重排句序。
1.Therewillbeavisittodifferentplaces.
2.WewillhavethemonSaturday,July22.
3.Wewillbeputintofourgroups.
4.Eachgroupisgoingtooneplace—afactory,aschool,afarmorahospital.
5.Eachpersoniswelcometojoinonegroup.
6.Writedownyournameinthenamelist.
7.Saywhichplaceyouwishtovisit.
8.Wewillleaveafterbreakfastateight.
9.Wewillcomebackintheafternoon.
10.Wewillhaveluchattheplaceofvisit.
Step4:
适当增补,连成短文。
Notice
WewillpayavisittodifferentplacesonSaturday,July22.Butwehavetobeputintofourgroups.Eachgroupisgoingtoonlyoneplace—afactory,aschool,afarmorahospital.Eachpersoniswelcometojoinonegroup.Pleasewritedownyournameinthenamelistbefore8o'clockp.m.andsaywhichplaceyouwishtovisit.
Wewillleaveafterbreakfastateightandcomebackintheafternoon.Bytheway,wewillhavelunchattheplaceofvisit.
Pleasebeontime.
Theoffice
OnFriday,July21
Step5:
教师指导,认识加深。
牢记通知的三个要点:
时间、地点、活动内容。
通知分为书面通知和口头通知(announcement)。
五、书信四步写作
1.阅读范文
信 封
__________________________________________________________________________________________
FromLiQiang
108ZhongshanRoad
Wuhan,China
ToLiHaifeng
Class3,Grade2
No.39MiddleSchool
Beijin,China
100027
___________________________________________________________________________________________
正 文
___________________________________________________________________________________________
108ZhongshanRoad
Wuhan,China
Sept.1,2002
DearBrother,
Iheardfromyouthedaybeforeyesterday.Ourwholefamilywasveryhappytolearnyouaregettingonwellwithyourclassmates.Yourprogresscanbeshowninyourschoolreport.We,brothersandsisters,areallproudofyou.
Itisnearlythreeyearssinceyouleftus.Inthreemonthsyouwillgraduatefromthejuniormiddleschool.Wearepleasedtohearyouhavehadmadeaplanfortheentranceexaminationofseniormiddleschools.Webelievethatyoucanworkouttheproblemsonthewaytoseniormiddleschools.Father,motherandIallsupportyou.Wewishyoutoseizethehourandseizetheday.
Hopingyouwillkeepfit,studyhardandworkwell.
Yourlovingelderbrother,
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