美国独立宣言英文版.docx
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美国独立宣言英文版.docx
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美国独立宣言英文版
美国《独立宣言》(英文稿)TheDeclarationofIndependenceActionofSecondContinentalCongress,July4,1776TheunanimousDeclarationofthethirteenUnitedStatesofAmericaWHENintheCourseofhumanEvents,itbecomesnecessaryforonePeopletodissolvethePoliticalBandswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassumeamongthePowersoftheEarth,theseparateandequalStationtowhichtheLawsofNatureandofNature'sGodentitlethem,adecentRespecttotheOpinionsofMankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtotheSeparation.WEholdtheseTruthstobeself-evident,thatallMenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthePursuitofHappiness--ThattosecuretheseRights,GovernmentsareinstitutedamongMen,derivingtheirjustPowersfromtheConsentoftheGoverned,thatwheneveranyFormofGovernmentbecomesdestructiveoftheseEnds,itistheRightofthePeopletoalterortoabolishit,andtoinstitutenewGovernment,layingitsFoundationonsuchPrinciples,andorganizingitsPowersinsuchForm,astothemshallseemmostlikelytoeffecttheirSafetyandHappiness.Prudence,indeed,willdictatethatGovernmentslongestablishedshouldnotbechangedforlightandtransientCauses;andaccordinglyallExperiencehathshewn,thatMankindaremoredisposedtosuffer,whileEvilsaresufferable,thantorightthemselvesbyabolishingtheFormstowhichtheyareaccustomed.ButwhenalongTrainofAbusesandUsurpations,pursuinginvariablythesameObject,evincesaDesigntoreducethemunderabsoluteDespotism,itistheirRight,itistheirDuty,tothrowoffsuchGovernment,andtoprovidenewGuardsfortheirfutureSecurity.SuchhasbeenthepatientSufferanceoftheseColonies;andsuchisnowtheNecessitywhichconstrainsthemtoaltertheirformerSystemsofGovernment.TheHistoryofthepresentKingofGreat-BritainisaHistoryofrepeatedInjuriesandUsurpations,allhavingindirectObjecttheEstablishmentofanabsoluteTyrannyovertheseStates.Toprovethis,letFactsbesubmittedtoacandidWorld.HEhasrefusedhisAssenttoLaws,themostwholesomeandnecessaryforthepublicGood.HEhasforbiddenhisGovernorstopassLawsofimmediateandpressingImportance,unlesssuspendedintheirOperationtillhisAssentshouldbeobtained;andwhensosuspended,hehasutterlyneglectedtoattendtothem.HEhasrefusedtopassotherLawsfortheAccommodationoflargeDistrictsofPeople,unlessthosePeoplewouldrelinquishtheRightofRepresentationintheLegislature,aRightinestimabletothem,andformidabletoTyrantsonly.HEhascalledtogetherLegislativeBodiesatPlacesunusual,uncomfortable,anddistantfromtheDepositoryoftheirpublicRecords,forthesolePurposeoffatiguingthemintoCompliancewithhisMeasures.HEhasdissolvedRepresentativeHousesrepeatedly,foropposingwithmanlyFirmnesshisInvasionsontheRightsofthePeople.HEhasrefusedforalongTime,aftersuchDissolutions,tocauseotherstobeelected;wherebytheLegislativePowers,incapableoftheAnnihilation,havereturnedtothePeopleatlargefortheirexercise;theStateremaininginthemeantimeexposedtoalltheDangersofInvasionfromwithout,andtheConvulsionswithin.HEhasendeavouredtopreventthePopulationoftheseStates;forthatPurposeobstructingtheLawsforNaturalizationofForeigners;refusingtopassotherstoencouragetheirMigrationshither,andraisingtheConditionsofnewAppropriationsofLands.HEhasobstructedtheAdministrationofJustice,byrefusinghisAssenttoLawsforestablishingJudiciaryPowers.HEhasmadeJudgesdependentonhisWillalone,fortheTenureoftheirOffices,andtheAmountandPaymentoftheirSalaries.HEhaserectedaMultitudeofnewOffices,andsenthitherSwarmsofOfficerstoharrassourPeople,andeatouttheirSubstance.HEhaskeptamongus,inTimesofPeace,StandingArmies,withouttheconsentofourLegislatures.HEhasaffectedtorendertheMilitaryindependentofandsuperiortotheCivilPower.HEhascombinedwithotherstosubjectustoaJurisdictionforeigntoourConstitution,andunacknowledgedbyourLaws;givinghisAssenttotheirActsofpretendedLegislation:
FORquarteringlargeBodiesofArmedTroopsamongus;FORprotectingthem,byamockTrial,fromPunishmentforanyMurderswhichtheyshouldcommitontheInhabitantsoftheseStates:
FORcuttingoffourTradewithallPartsoftheWorld:
FORimposingTaxesonuswithoutourConsent:
FORdeprivingus,inmanyCases,oftheBenefitsofTrialbyJury:
FORtransportingusbeyondSeastobetriedforpretendedOffences:
FORabolishingthefreeSystemofEnglishLawsinaneighbouringProvince,establishingthereinanarbitraryGovernment,andenlargingitsBoundaries,soastorenderitatonceanExampleandfitInstrumentforintroducingthesameabsoluteRulesintotheseColonies:
FORtakingawayourCharters,abolishingourmostvaluableLaws,andalteringfundamentallytheFormsofourGovernments:
FORsuspendingourownLegislatures,anddeclaringthemselvesinvestedwithPowertolegislateforusinallCaseswhatsoever.HEhasabdicatedGovernmenthere,bydeclaringusoutofhisProtectionandwagingWaragainstus.HEhasplunderedourSeas,ravagedourCoasts,burntourTowns,anddestroyedtheLivesofourPeople.HEis,atthisTime,transportinglargeArmiesofforeignMercenariestocompleattheWorksofDeath,Desolation,andTyranny,alreadybegunwithcircumstancesofCrueltyandPerfidy,scarcelyparalleledinthemostbarbarousAges,andtotallyunworthytheHeadofacivilizedNation.HEhasconstrainedourfellowCitizenstakenCaptiveonthehighSeastobearArmsagainsttheirCountry,tobecometheExecutionersoftheirFriendsandBrethren,ortofallthemselvesbytheirHands.HEhasexciteddomesticInsurrectionsamongstus,andhasendeavouredtobringontheInhabitantsofourFrontiers,themercilessIndianSavages,whoseknownRuleofWarfare,isanundistinguishedDestruction,ofallAges,SexesandConditions.INeverystageoftheseOppressionswehavePetitionedforRedressinthemosthumbleTerms:
OurrepeatedPetitionshavebeenansweredonlybyrepeatedInjury.APrince,whoseCharacteristhusmarkedbyeveryactwhichmaydefineaTyrant,isunfittobetheRulerofafreePeople.NORhavewebeenwantinginAttentionstoourBritishBrethren.WehavewarnedthemfromTimetoTimeofAttemptsbytheirLegislaturetoextendanunwarrantableJurisdictionoverus.WehaveremindedthemoftheCircumstancesofourEmigrationandSettlementhere.WehaveappealedtotheirnativeJusticeandMagnanimity,andwehaveconjuredthembytheTiesofourcommonKindredtodisavowtheseUsurpations,which,wouldinevitablyinterruptourConnectionsandCorrespondence.TheytoohavebeendeaftotheVoiceofJusticeandofConsanguinity.Wemust,therefore,acquiesceintheNecessity,whichdenouncesourSeparation,andholdthem,asweholdtherestofMankind,EnemiesinWar,inPeace,Friends.WE,therefore,theRepresentativesoftheUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA,inGENERALCONGRESS,Assembled,appealingtotheSupremeJudgeoftheWorldfortheRectitudeofourIntentions,do,intheName,andbyAuthorityofthegoodPeopleoftheseColonies,solemnlyPublishandDeclare,ThattheseUnitedColoniesare,andofRightoughttobe,FREEANDINDEPENDENTSTATES;thattheyareabsolvedfromallAllegiancetotheBritishCrown,andthatallpoliticalConnectionbetweenthemandtheStateofGreat-Britain,isandoughttobetotallydissolved;andthatasFREEANDINDEPENDENTSTATES,theyhavefullPowertolevyWar,concludePeace,contractAlliances,establishCommerce,andtodoallotherActsandThingswhichINDEPENDENTSTATESmayofrightdo.AndforthesupportofthisDeclaration,withafirmRelianceontheProtectionofdivineProvidence,wemutuallypledgetoeachotherourLives,ourFortunes,andoursacredHonor.JohnHancock.GEORGIA,ButtonGwinnett,LymanHall,Geo.Walton.NORTH-CAROLINA,Wm.Hooper,JosephHewes,JohnPenn.SOUTH-CAROLINA,EdwardRutledge,ThosHeyward,junr.,ThomasLynch,junr.,ArthurMiddleton.MARYLAND,SamuelChase,Wm.Paca,Thos.Stone,CharlesCarroll,ofCarrollton.VIRGINIA,GeorgeWythe,RichardHenryLee,Ths.Jefferson,Benja.Harrison,Thos.Nelson,jr.,FrancisLightfootLee,CarterBraxton.PENNSYLVANIA,Robt.Morris,BenjaminRush,Benja.Franklin,JohnMorton,Geo.Clymer,Jas.Smith,Geo.Taylor,JamesWilson,Geo.Ross.DELAWARE,CaesarRodney,Geo.Read.NEW-YORK,Wm.Floyd,Phil.Livingston,FrankLewis,LewisMorris.NEW-JERSEY,Richd.Stockton,Jno.Witherspoon,Fras.Hopkinson,JohnHart,Abra.Clark.NEW-HAMPSHIRE,JosiahBartlett,Wm.Whipple,MatthewThornton.MASSACHUSETTS-BAY,Saml.Adams,JohnAdams,Robt.TreatPaine,ElbridgeGerry.RHODE-ISLANDANDPROVIDENCE,C.Step.Hopkins,WilliamEllery.CONNECTICUT,RogerSherman,Saml.Huntington,Wm.Williams,OliverWolcott.INCONGRESS,JANUARY18,1777.
在有关人类事务的发展过程中,当一个民族必须解除其和另一个民族之间的政治联系,并在世界各国之间依照自然法则和上帝的意旨,接受独立和平等的地位时,出于人类舆论的尊重,必须把他们不得不独立的原因予以宣布。
我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的:
人人生而平等,造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利,其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。
为了保障这些权利,人类才在他们之间建立政府,而政府之正当权力,是经被治理者的同意而产生的。
当任何形式的政府对这些目标具破坏作用时,人民便有权力改变或废除它,以建立一个新的政府;其赖以奠基的原则,其组织权力的方式,务使人民认为唯有这样才最可能获得他们的安全和幸福。
为了慎重起见,成立多年的政府,是不应当由于轻微和短暂的原因而予以变更的。
过去的一切经验也都说明,任何苦难,只要是尚能忍受,人类都宁愿容忍,而无?
?
意为了本身的权益便废除他们久已习惯了的政府。
但是,当追逐同一目标的一连串滥用职权和强取豪夺发生,证明政府企图把人民置于专制统治之下时,那么人民就有权利,也有义务推翻这个政府,并为他们未来的安全建立新的保障--这就是这些殖民地过去逆来顺受的情况,也是它们现在不得不改变以前政府制度的原因。
当今大不列颠国王的历史,是接连不断的伤天害理和强取豪夺的历史,这些暴行的唯一目标,就是想在这些州建立专制的暴政。
为了证明所言属实,现把下列事实向公正的世界宣布:
他拒绝批准对公众利益最有益、最必要的法律。
他禁止他的总督们批准迫切而极为必要的法律,要不就把这些法律搁置起来暂不生效,等待他的同意;而一旦这些法律被搁置起来,他对它们就完全置之不理。
他拒绝批准便利广大地区人民的其它法律,除非那些人民情愿放弃自己在立法机关中的代表权;但这种权利对他们有无法
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