动词过去式变化规则.docx
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动词过去式变化规则.docx
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动词过去式变化规则
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:
pull-pulled,cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:
taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:
stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:
study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式:
am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat...
关于规则动词的过去式变化(在词尾加-ed)大家已经了如指掌了,但对那些不规则动词的过去式的变化,记忆起来总是有一定难度。
这里教给大家一些“妙招”,不妨一试哦!
1.中间去e末尾加t,如:
keep→kept,feel→felt,sleep→slept,sweep→swept
2.结尾d变t,如:
build→built,lend→lent,send→sent,spend→spent
3.遇见i改为a,如:
ring→rang,sit→sat,drink→drank,sing→sang,swim→swam,begin→began,give→gave
4.“骑(马)”“开(车)”“写(字)”——把i变o,如:
ride→rode,drive→drove,write→wrote
5.“想”“买”“带来”“打仗”——ought换上,如:
think→thought,buy→bought,bring→brought,fight→fought
6.“教书”“抓住”——aught切莫忘,如:
teach→taught,carry→caught
7.ow/aw改为ew是新时尚,如:
know→knew,grow→grew,throw→threw,draw→drew
8.“放”“让”“读”过去式与原形一样,如:
put→put,let→let,read→read/red
规则动词的过去式变化如下:
一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed,如:
workedplayedwantedacted
以不发音的-e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:
livedmoveddecideddeclinedhopedjudgedraisedwiped
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i再加-ed,如:
studiedtriedcopiedjustifiedcriedcarriedembodiedemptied以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:
stoppedbeggedfretteddraggeddroppedplanneddotteddripped注:
不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go-wentmake-madeget-gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew
动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化
AB型
cancouldshallshould
willwouldmaymight
AAA型
costcostcost
cutcutcut
hithithit
hurthurthurt
letletlet
mustmustmust
putputput
setsetset
shutshutshut
readreadread
AAB型
beatbeatbeaten
ABA型
becomebecamebecome
comecamecome
runranrun
ABB型
bringbroughtbrought
buyboughtbought
thinkthoughtthought
catchcaughtcaught
teachtaughttaught
buildbuiltbuilt
lendlentlent
sendsentsent
spendspentspent
digdugdug
hanghunghung
feelfeltfelt
keepkeptkept
sleepsleptslept
sweepsweptswept
leaveleftleft
smellsmeltsmelt
spillspiltspilt
laylaidlaid
paypaidpaid
saysaidsaid
sellsoldsold
telltoldtold
sitsatsat
spitspatspat
standstoodstood
understandunderstoodunderstood
learnlearntlearnt
meanmeantmeant
spoilspoiltspoilt
shineshoneshone
winwonwon
havehadhad
makemademade
hearheardheard
findfoundfound
holdheldheld
ABC型
beginbeganbegun
drinkdrankdrunk
ringrangrung
singsangsung
sinksanksunk
swimswamswum
blowblewblown
flyflewflown
growgrewgrown
knowknewknown
throwthrewthrown
drawdrewdrawn
showshowedshown
breakbrokebroken
choosechosechosen
forgetforgotforgotten
freezefrozefrozen
speakspokespoken
wakewokewoken
drivedrovedriven
eatateeaten
fallfellfallen
givegavegiven
hidehidhidden
rideroderidden
riseroserisen
taketooktaken
mistakemistookmistaken
writewrotewritten
am,iswasbeen
arewerebeen
dodiddone
gowentgone
lielaylain
seesawseen
wearworeworn
易错型
showshowedshown
drawdrewdrawn
fallfellfallen
feelfeltfelt
holdheldheld
helphelpedhelped
thinkthoughtthought
thankthankedthanked
taketooktaken
talktalkedtalked
getgotgot
forgetforgotforgotten
meetmetmet
meanmeantmeant
hithithit
hidehidhidden
ringrangrung
bringbroughtbrought
eatateeaten
beatbeatbeaten
lielaylain
laylaidlaid
findfoundfound
foundfoundedfounded
buyboughtbought
bringbroughtbrought
learnlearntlearnt
hearheardheard
5动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1)规则变化
情况例词读音与说明
动词原形过去式过去分词
一般在动词原形后加-edlook
call
open
needlooked
called
opened
neededlooked[lukt]
called[kC:
ld]
opened[5EupEnd]
needed[ni:
did]①-ed在清辅音音素后
发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]
②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕
后发音为[id]
③但fix的过去式和过去
分词x不双写,为fixed.
以-e结尾的动词加-dmove
phone
hope
agreemoved
phoned
hoped
agreedmoved[mu:
vd]
phoned[fEund]
hoped[hEupt]
agreed[E5^ri:
d]
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,
再加-edstudy
carry
trystudied
studied
carriedstudied[5stQdid]
carried[5kArid]
tried[traid]
以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-edplay
enjoy
stayplayed
enjoyed
stayedplayed[pleid]
enjoyed[in5dVCid]
stayed[steid]
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-edstop
plan
fitstopped
planned
fittedstopped[stCpt]
planned[plAnd]
fitted[5fitid]
以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,
再加-edprefer
referpreferred
referredpreferred[prI`f:
d]
referred[ri5fE:
]
2)不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。
1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
例:
原形过去式过去分词
cut(切)hit(打)cast(扔)hurt(伤害)put(放)let(让)shut(关)
cost(花费)set(放)rid(清除)cuthitcasthurtputletshutcostsetridcuthitcasthurtputletshutcostsetrid
2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。
例:
原形过去式过去分词
find(找到)pay(支付)leave(离开)lend(借出)meet(遇见)keep(保持)lose(丢失)teach(教)sit(坐)lead(引导)win(赢)除)foundpaidleftlentmetkeptlosttaughtsatledwonfoundpaidleftlentmetkeptlosttaughtsatledwon
3.动词原形与过去分词同形
例:
原形过去式过去分词
come(来)run(跑)become(成为)camranbecamecome
runbecome
4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
例:
原形过去式过去分词
give(给)
fly(飞)
drink(喝)
see(看见)
go(去)
know(知道)
wear(穿)
speak(说)gave
flew
drank
saw
went
knew
wore
spokegiven
flown
drunk
seen
gone
known
worn
spoken
5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式
例:
原形过去式过去分词
burn(燃烧)burned
burntburned
burnt
learn(学习)learned
learntlearned
learnt
smell(闻)smelled
smeltsmelled
smelt
spell(拼写)spelled
speltspelled
spelt
shine(照射)shined
shoneshined
shone
leap(跳)leaped
leaptleaped
leapt
提示
a.beat的过去式与原形同形:
比:
beat(打击)beat(过去式)beaten(过去分词)
b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:
lielied,lied(说谎)
lay,lain(躺,位于)
c.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:
hanghanged,hanged(处绞刑)
hung,hung(挂,吊)
d.welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词
比:
welcomewelcomed,welcomed(正)
welcome,welcome(误)
e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词
比:
hit(打)hit,hit(正)
hitted,hitted(误)
6现在分词的变化规则
规则动词原形现在分词及发音
一般在动词原形词尾加-ing,-ing发音为[iN]go
push
play
carrygoing[5^EuiN]
pushing[5puFiN]
playing[pleiiN]
carrying[5kAriiN]
以不发音的e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ingtake
write
leavetaking[5teikiN]
writing[5raitiN]
leaving[5li:
viN]
重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母,要将该辅音字母双写,再加-ingcut
stop
fit
begin
forgetcutting[5kQtiN]
stopping[5stCpiN]
fitting[5fitiN]
beginning[bi5^iniN]forgetting[fE5^etiN]
以ie结尾的动词,要把ie改为y,再加-inglie
die
tielying[5laiiN]
dying[5daiiN]
tying[5taiiN]
后面是r的,加了ed是否要读成类似“gather的”,直接加读音d,肯定没错。
下面是一些搜来的资料,希望对你有帮助。
动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1)规则变化
情况例词读音与说明
动词原形过去式过去分词
一般在动词原形后加-edlook
call
open
needlooked
called
opened
neededlooked[lukt]
called[kC:
ld]
opened[5EupEnd]
needed[ni:
did]①-ed在清辅音音素后
发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]
②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕
后发音为[id]
③但fix的过去式和过去
分词x不双写,为fixed.
以-e结尾的动词加-dmove
phone
hope
agreemoved
phoned
hoped
agreedmoved[mu:
vd]
phoned[fEund]
hoped[hEupt]
agreed[E5^ri:
d]
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,
再加-edstudy
carry
trystudied
studied
carriedstudied[5stQdid]
carried[5kArid]
tried[traid]
以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-edplay
enjoy
stayplayed
enjoyed
stayedplayed[pleid]
enjoyed[in5dVCid]
stayed[steid]
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-edstop
plan
fitstopped
planned
fittedstopped[stCpt]
planned[plAnd]
fitted[5fitid]
以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,
再加-edprefer
referpreferred
referredpreferred[prI`f:
d]
referred[ri5fE:
]
2)不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。
1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
例:
原形过去式过去分词
cut(切)hit(打)cast(扔)hurt(伤害)put(放)let(让)shut(关)cost(花费)set(放)rid(清除)cuthitcasthurtputletshutcostsetridcuthitcasthurtputletshutcostsetrid
2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。
例:
原形过去式过去分词
find(找到)pay(支付)leave(离开)lend(借出)meet(遇见)
keep(保持)lose(丢失)teach(教)sit(坐)lead(引导)win(赢)除)found
paidleftlentmetkeptlosttaughtsatledwonfoundpaidleftlentmetkeptlosttaughtsatledwon
3.动词原形与过去分词同形
例:
原形过去式过去分词
come(来)run(跑)become(成为)cameranbecamecome
runbecome
4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
例:
原形过去式过去分词
give(给)fly(飞)drink(喝)see(看见)go(去)know(知道)wear(穿)speak(说)gaveflewdranksawwent
knewworespokegivenflowndrunkseengoneknownwornspoken
5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式
例:
原形过去式过去分词
burn(燃烧)burned
burntburned
burnt
learn(学习)learned
learntlearned
learnt
smell(闻)smelled
smeltsmelled
smelt
spell(拼写)spelled
speltspelled
spelt
shine(照射)shined
shoneshined
shone
leap(跳)leaped
leaptleaped
leapt
提示
a.beat的过去式与原形同形:
比:
beat(打击)beat(过去式)beaten(过去分词)
b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:
lielied,lied(说谎)
lay,lain(躺,位于)
c.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:
hanghanged,hanged(处绞刑)
hung,hung(挂,吊)
d.welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词
比:
welcomewelcomed,welcomed(正)
welcome,welcome(误)
e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词
比:
hit(打)hit,hit(正)
hitted,hitted(误)
规则动词过去式的构成
构成规则原形过去式
一般动词原形末尾加-edlook
play
lift
looked[lukt]
played[pleid]
lifted['liftid]
结尾是e的动词加-dlive
hope
use
lived[livd]
hoped[h3upt]
used[juz:
d]
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-edstop
plan(计划)
fit(适合)
stopped[stCpt]
planned[pl$nd]
fitted['fitid]
结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变"y"为"i"再加"ed"study
carry
worry
studied['stKdid]
carried['k$rid]
worried['wKrid]
2)规则动词过去式加“ed”后的发音规则:
读音例词
在浊辅音和元音后面[d]called[kC:
ld]borrowed['bCr3ud]
moved[mu:
vd]enjoyed[in'dICid]
welcomed['welk3md]answered['a:
ns3d]
在清辅音后面[t]finished['finisNt]helped[helpt]
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