蚁群算法蚂蚁算法中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx
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蚁群算法蚂蚁算法中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx
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蚁群算法外文文献翻译
(含:
英文原文及中文译文)英文原文
Theantcolonyoptimization
Origin
Antcolonyalgorithm(antcolonyoptimization,ACO),alsoknownasantalgorithmisaprobability-basedalgorithmisusedtofindtheoptimalpathinthegraph.ItinhisdoctoralthesisproposedbyMarcoDorigoin1992,inspiredbythebehaviorofthepathoftheantsfoundintheprocessoflookingforfood.Antcolonyalgorithmisasimulatedevolutionaryalgorithm,preliminarystudiesshowthatthealgorithmhasmanyexcellentproperties.OptimizationdesignforPIDcontrollerparameters,theresultsoftheresultsoftheantcolonyalgorithmdesignandgeneticalgorithmarecompared,thenumericalsimulationtheresultsshowthatantcolonyalgorithmisanewkindofsimulatedevolutionaryoptimizationeffectivenessandvalue.
princle
Eachantbegantosearchforfoodwithoutfirsttellingthemwherethefoodwas.Whenafoodisfound,itwillreleaseapheromonetotheenvironment,attractingotherants,sothatmoreandmoreantswillfindfood!
Someantsdonotalwaysrepeatthesamepathasotherants.TheywillInadifferentway,iftheroadtodevelopmentisshorterthantheotherroads,thengraduallymoreantsareattractedtothisshorterroad.Finally,afteraperiodoftime,itmayappearthattheshortestpathisrepeatedbymostants.
Whyaresmallantsabletofindfood?
Aretheyintelligent?
LefsimagineifwewanttodesignanAIprogramforants,howconplexisthisprogram?
First,ifyouwantantstobeabletoavoidobstacles,youmustAccordingtotheappropriateterrain,itisprogrammedtoallowthemtoavoidobstacles,andsecondly,toallowantstofindfood,theyneedtobetraversedbyallpointsinspace;again,iftheantistofindtheshortestpath,thenYbuneedtocalculateallpossiblepathsandconparetheirsizes,andmoreimportantly,youmustbecarefulprogramming,becausethemistakesoftheprogrammaymakeyouworkharder.Thisisanincredibleprocess!
Toocomplicated,Iamafraidnoonecancorrpletesuchacumbersomeandredundantprogram.
However,thefactsarenotascomplicatedasyouthink.Theaboveprogramhasonly100linesofcodeforeachant'scoreprogram!
Whyissuchasimpleprogramtomakeantsdosuchcomplicatedthings?
Theansweris:
theemergenceofsimplerules.Infact,eachantdoesnotneedtoknowtheinformationofthewholeworldasweimagine.Theyactuallyonlycareabouttheimmediateinformationinaverysmallrange,andusethesesimplerulestomakedecisionsbasedontheselocalinformation.Inthecollective,complexbehaviorswillemerge.Thisisthelawoftheinterpretationofartificiallifeandcomplexityscience!
Sowhatarethesesimplerules?
1,Scope
Therangeobservedbyantsisacheckeredworld.Ananthasaparameterthatisaspeedradius(typically3).Therangeitcanobserveisa3*3checkeredworld,andthedistancethatcanbemovedisalsointhisrange.Inside.
2,theenvironment
Theant'senvironmentisavirtualworld.Thereareobstacles,otherants,andpheromones.Therearetwokindsofpheromones.Oneisthefoodpheromonethatisfoundbytheantswhofindfood.Oneistofindthenest.Theantssprinkledthepheromoneofthenest.Eachantcanonlysensetheenvironmentalinformationwithinitsrange.Theenvironmentmakesthepheromonedisappearatacertainrate.
3,foragingrules
Findoutifthereisfoodintherangethateachantcansense,andifso,gostraight.Otherwise,iftherearepheromonesandiftherearemorepheromonesintheperceivablerange,thenitwillgotoplaceswithalargenumberofpheromones,andeachantwillmakemistakeswithasmallprobability,andnotgototheinformation.Mostpointsmove.Therulesfortheanttofindthenestarethesameasabove,exceptthatitrespondstothepheromoneofthenestanddoesnotrespondtothefoodpheromone.
4,moverules
Eachantmovesinthedirectionofthemostpheromone,and,whenthereisnopheromoneguidancearoundit,theantwillcontinuetomoveinthedirectionofitsoriginalmovement,andtherewillbearandom,smalldisturbanceinthedirectionofmovement.Inordertopreventtheantfromturningincircles,itwillrememberwhichpointsithasrecentlypassed.Ifitisfoundthatthenextpointtobetakenhasrecentlypassed,itwilltrytoavoidit.
5,obstacleavoidancerules:
Iftheantismovinginthedirectionofobstacles,itwillrandomlychooseanotherdirection,andiftherearepheromoneguidelines,itwillfollowtherulesofforaging.
6,broadcastpheromonerules:
Eachantspreadsthemostpheromoneswhenhefirstfindsfoodornests.Ashegoesfurther,thenumberofpheromonessownisdecreasing.
Accordingtotheserules,thereisnodirectrelationshq?
betweenants,buteachantinteractswiththeenvironment,andthroughthepheromoneties,theantsareactuallyassociatedwitheachother.Fore
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