非谓语动词 学生版.docx
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非谓语动词 学生版.docx
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非谓语动词学生版
语法———非谓语动词
考点分析:
非谓语动词中现在分词与过去分词作状语、定语与表语的区别是必考的重点。
Thereisnogood/use/point/sensedoing…,Itisnogood/usedoing…句型、
admit,appreciate,avoid,can’thelp,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,mind,recall,resent,resist,,risk,suggest等动词后跟动名词、分词作状语与分词独立结构的区别
英语中的非谓语动词是针对谓语动词而言的,即不能做谓语的动词。
非谓语动词有三种形式:
动词不定式、分词和动名词。
一、动词不定式
●不定式的语态和时态
时态
主动
被动
一般体
towrite
tobewritten
进行体
tobewriting
完成体
tohavewritten
tohavebeenwritten
完成进行体
tohavebeenwriting
tohavebeenbeingwritten
●动词不定式在句子中的作用
可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。
(1)不定式作主语
Itisn’teasyforhertofindanewjob.
Itisoftendifficulttodecidewhattodo.
_____almostsevenhourstorunthroughthebook.
A.ItspentmeB.IttookmeC.IspentD.Itook
(2)不定式作宾语
不定式可作某些动词的宾语,常见的动词有:
afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,hope,manage,promise,pretend,plan,intend,refuse,wish等。
1.Hewas____whenIwalkedintotheroom.
A.readyforleavingB.abouttoleaveC.inthepointofleavingD.mostreadytoleave
2.---“Didyouhavetroublewithyourcarthismorning?
”
---“Yes,butIfinallymanaged____.”
A.togetstartingitB.ittogetstartedC.togetitstartedD.gettingstartedit
3.They____themanagersoon.
A.expectseeingB.expecttoseeC.willexpectseeD.areexpecttosee
4.Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_____.
A.wheretochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhatD.tochoosewhich
5.Hedoesn’tknow____tostayornot.
A.whetherB.ifC.eitherD.ifhewill
6.Doyouconsider_____wisetoignorehim?
A.itisB.itbeingC.ittobeD.it
7.Ifound____toanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven.
A.nopossibilityB.impossibleC.possibleD.itimpossible
(3)不定式作宾语补足语
①某些动词如tell,want,wish,advise,order,require,
expect,remind,persuade,encourage,convince,force,beg, allow,forbid等后可接不定式作宾语补足语。
Mydoctoradvisedmetotakearest.
②某些感官动词如feel,hear,see,watch,notice,observe等或 使役动词如have,let,make等后面可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
但如果句子变成被动语态时,就必须带to符号。
Didyounoticeanyonegointothehouse?
Wasanyonenoticedtogointothehouse?
IsawTomenterthebuilding.
Tomwasseentoenterthebuilding.
③某些动词如find,feel,think,expect,consider,make等后可接不定式作宾语,但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语,而且要用it作形式宾语。
Newsservicesmakeitpossiblefornewspaperstogivetheirreaders newsfromaroundtheworld.
DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish?
(4)不定式作定语
①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。
Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.
②不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作,但修饰有序数词或形容词 最高级限定的名词时,则表示已完成的动作。
Iborrowedsomebookstoreadduringmyholiday.
ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.
(5)不定式作状语
①不定式一般作目的状语,还可用短语inorderto或soasto。
Hesatdowntohavearest.
②不定式有时可作结果状语,表示意想不到的结果,还可用onlyto。
Heleft,nevertoreturn.Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.
动词不定式考点解析
●不定式的完成体指不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
1.theyappear______intheaccident.
A.wasinjuredB.tobeinjuringC.beinginjuredD.tohavebeeninjured
2.Iwaspleased_____youlastweek.
A.tomeetB.meetingC.tohavemetD.havingmet
3.Theelephantought____hoursagobythekeepers.
A.tobefedB.tofedC.tobeingfedD.tohavebeenfed
4.Thebuildingissaid_____________(destroy)inafiretwoyearsago.
5.“Good-bye!
Iamglad____theopportunityofmeetingyou.”
A.tohaveB.havingC.tohavehadD.couldhave
●wouldrather/hadbetter/wouldsooner/may(just)aswell+do
1.Hesaidhewouldrathernot____itrightnow.
A.doingB.todoC.doD.tobedoing
2.Sincesheisangry,we_____.
A.hadbetterleavingheraloneB.shouldleaveheralone
C.mightaswellleaveheraloneD.hadratherleaveheralone
●donothingbut(只会)/cannothelpbut(不得不)/cannotbut(不得不;禁不住)+do
Theydidnothingbutcomplain.
Marycoulddonothingbutcry.
Thepatientcannotbutfollowthedoctor’sinstructions.
Ihadnochoicebuttowaitforhimhere.
Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.
不定式模拟训练
1.Iwouldpreferyou____here.
A.tostayB.willstayC.stayingD.stay
2.Thatboyworkshard,Iexpecthim____intheexam.
A.succeedB.tosucceedC.succeedingD.succeeded
3.Didyounoticehim____?
A.crossedtheroadB.acrosstheroadC.tocrosstheroadD.crosstheroad
4.I’veheardhim____aboutyouoften.
A.spokeB.speaksC.speakD.tospeak
5.Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhotel_____.
A.tostayB.istostayatC.tostayatD.isforstaying
6.LittleRuthfound_____.
A.withnoonetoplayB.noonewithtoplayC.noonetoplayD.noonetoplaywith
7.Heis____helpmeatthemoment.
A.toobusytoB.enoughbusytoC.verybusytoD.busyenoughto
8.Wouldyoube____tostepthisway,please?
A.tookindB.sokindC.sokindasD.askindas
9.Tellhim____aboutit.
A.notworryingB.don’tworryC.nottoworryingD.nottoworry
10.Marypreferred____athometo____tothepartywithherfriends.
A.tostay;goB.staying;goingC.staying;goD.tostay;going
Keys:
1—5ABDCC6—10DACDB
(二)分词
现在分词的时态和语态:
时态
主动
被动
一般体
writing
beingwritten
完成体
havingwritten
havingbeen
written
请看下面句子:
1.Havingdressedmyself,Iwenttotheoffice.穿好衣服后,我去了办公室。
(表时间)
2.Nothavingdoneitright,hetriedagain.因为做的不对,他又试了试。
(表原因)
3.Thequestionsbeingdiscussedareofgreatimportance.
正在被讨论的问题很重要。
(做定语)
4.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldshegiveitup?
既然被给了这么好的机会,她怎能放弃呢?
(表让步)
5.Havingbeenmarriedfortyyears,theystillloveeachother.
虽然结婚40年了,但他们依然相爱。
(表时间)
Havingboughtourtickets,wewentintothetheatre.
Havingbeentoldmanytime,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.
●现在分词与过去分词的区别
现在分词的主语常是某物,翻译成“某物令人……”;过去分词的主语常是某人,翻译成“某人对某物感到……,某人被……”。
如:
Thepresentsituationisencouraging.当前的形式令人鼓舞。
Weweredeeplyencouragedbyhiswords.
我们被他的话深深鼓舞。
常见的成对分词有:
amazing/amazedboring/boredconfusing/confuseddiscouraging/discouraged
teresting/interestedmoving/movedpleasing/pleased/disappointing/disappointed/
exciting/excitedinspiring/inspiredsurprising/surprised/insatisifying/satisified
1.“Howdidyoulikethelectures?
”
“Ithoughttheywere_____.”
AinterestedBinterestCinterestingDofinterests
2.He’s_____becausehehaswontheprize.
AnervousBsatisfyingCexcitedDexciting
3.Mr.Brownis_____respectedbyhiscolleague.
AveryBmuchCratherDextremely
4.BecauseofmypoorEnglishI’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself______.
AunderstandBtounderstandCunderstandingDunderstood
5.Weareawarethat_____,thesituationwillgetworse.
AifnotdealingwithcarefullyBifdealtnotcarefullywith
CifnotcarefullydealtwithDifnotcarefullydealingwith
6.____bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.
A.AttractingB.AttractedC.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted
7.____someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.
A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowedby
8.You’dbetternotwakeupthe____babies.
A.sleptB.sleepingC.havesleptD.havingslept
9.While___forthebus,theoldmanmethisoldfriend.
A.beingwaitedB.havingwaitedC.waitedD.waiting
10.____awrongaddress,hecouldnotfindhisfriend’sflat.
A.GivingB.GivenC.HavinggivenD.Tobegiven
●分词作状语与分词独立结构的区别
分词作状语,其逻辑主语必须与主句的谓语动词的主语一致,分词独立结构中分词的主语一定和主句的谓语动词的主语不一致。
分词专练:
11.______,weshallgooutforapicniconSunday.
AWeatherpermitsBWeatherpermitting
CWithweatherpermitsDWithweatherpermitting
12._____,wemissedourplane.
AThetrainbeinglateBTobelateCThetrainisbeinglateDThetrainwhichislate
13._____,wewentswimming.
ABeingahotdayBDuetoahotdayCThedaybeinghotDItwasahotday
14.____ontheroad,thecarwasstopped.
AHavingseenabombBSeeingabomb
CThedriverseeingabombDAfterseeingabomb
15._____,shewentbacktoherroom.
ATherewasnocauseforalarmBTherebeingnocauseforalarm
CBeingwithoutcauseforalarmDWithouthavingcauseforalarm
key:
1-5CCBDC6-10BBBDB11-15BACCB
三动名词
动名词的时态和语态
主动式
被动式
一般式
doing
beingdone
完成式
havingdone
havingbeendone
●在Thereisnogood/usedoing…./Itisnogood/usedoing….句型中。
●常见这些动词后跟动名词做宾语:
admit/appreciate/avoid/can’thelp/consider/delay/deny/enjoy/escape/excuse/favor/finish/mind/miss/postpone/practise/quit/recall/resent/resist/fancy/resume/risk/suggest
●这些动词词组后也跟动名词:
can’tstand/giveup/keepon/insiston/putoff/persistin/relyon/thinkabout/thinkof/refrainfrom/worryabout/objectto/confessto/turnto/adaptto/applyto/seeto/lookforwardto/respondto/getusedto/bebusy/beworth/havedifficulty
●动名词的复合结构:
名词所有格或形容性物主代词+doing
Wouldyoumindmyopeningthedoor?
Mary’scomingmadeusveryhappy.
Jack’sspendingalotoftimeongamesworriedhisparents.
动名词专练:
1.Iappreciate____toyourbirthdayparty.
A.tobeinvitedB.tohaveinvitedC.havinginvitedD.beinginvited
2.Iamconsidering____youroffer.
AtoacceptBacceptCacceptedDaccepting
3.Thereisnouse____himatthishour.
A.tocallB.calledC.callD.calling
4.Wecan’tunderstandwhyheavoided____tous.
AtospeakBspeakChavingspokenDspeaking
5.Iamaccustomed____at7a.m.
A.toriseB.tohaverisenC.tohavingrisenD.torising
6.Ihopeyoudon’tmind____youallthis.
A.totellB.tohavetoldC.tobetellingD.mytelling
7.Annwasangryat_____ather.
A.hislaughingB.himlaughC.himlaughedD.himbeinglaughed
8.Doyouremember____thosebookstothelibrary?
A.IreturningB.metoreturnC.myreturningD.mebeingreturned
9.Mymobileisn’tworking.It_____.
A.needrepairingB.needsrepairingC.needstorepairD.needtoberepaired
10.Iknowiti
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