外文翻译国际会计准则第21号外汇汇率变动的影响.docx
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外文翻译国际会计准则第21号外汇汇率变动的影响.docx
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外文翻译国际会计准则第21号外汇汇率变动的影响
本科毕业论文(设计)
外文翻译
题目外币报表折算方法分析及中国的选择初探
专业会计学
外文题目EffectofChangesinExchageRatesofForeignCurrencies
外文出处InternationalAccountingStandardNo21(IAS21)
外文作者InternationalAccountingStandardsBoard
原文:
InternationalAccountingStandardNo2(IAS2)
Effectofchangesinexchangeratesofforeigncurrencies
Objective
Aninstitutionmayconductbusinessabroadintwodifferentways.Youcanmaketransactionsinforeigncurrencyormayhavebusinessabroad.Inaddition,theentitymayfileitsfinancialstatementsinaforeigncurrency.Thepurposeofthisruleistoprescribehowtheyareincorporatedinthefinancialstatementsofanentity,foreigncurrencytransactionsandbusinessabroad,andhowtoconvertthefinancialstatementstothepresentationcurrencyofchoice.
Themainproblemsthatarisearethetypeortypesofchangetouseandhowtoreportontheeffectsofchangesinexchangerateswithinthefinancialstatements.
Definitions
Onegroupisthegroupformedbytheparentandallitssubsidiaries.
Netinvestmentinaforeignoperationistheamountthatcorrespondstotheparticipationoftheentitythatsubmittedtheirfinancialstatementsinthenetassetsofthatbusiness.
Foreigncurrency(orcurrency)isanycurrencyotherthanthefunctionalcurrency
oftheentity.
Functionalcurrencyisthecurrencyoftheprimaryeconomicenvironmentinwhichtheentityoperates.
Presentationcurrencyisthecurrencyinwhichthefinancialstatementsarepresented.
Businessabroadisanentitydependentpartner,jointventureorbranchofthereportingentity,whoseactivitiesarebasedorcarriedoutinacountryoracurrencydifferentfromthoseofthereportingentity.
Currencymonetaryitemsarekeptincashandassetsandliabilitiestobereceivedorpaidbyafixedordeterminableamountofmonetaryunits.
Exchangerateistheratioofexchangebetweentwocurrencies.
Endexchangerateistherateofexistingcashonthebalancesheetdate.
Exchangeratespotistheexchangerateusedintransactionswithimmediatedelivery.
Fairvalueistheamountforwhichanassetcouldbeexchanged,canceledoraliability,amongstakeholdersanddulyinformedinatransactionconductedatarm'slength.
InitialRecognition
1.Aforeigncurrencytransactionisanytransactionwhosevalueiscalledorrequireswindingupinaforeigncurrency,includingthoseinwhichtheentity:
(a)buysorsellsgoodsorserviceswhosepriceisdenominatedinaforeigncurrency;
(b)lendsorborrowsfunds,iftheamountsaresettochargeorpayinaforeigncurrency
(c)acquiresordisposesprovidesanotheravenueforassetsorliabilitiesincurredorliquidation,providedthattheseoperationsaredenominatedinforeigncurrencies.
2.Anyforeigncurrencytransactionisrecordedatthetimeofitsinitialrecognition,usingthefunctionalcurrency,byapplyingtotheamountinforeigncurrencyexchangespotatthedateofthetransactionbetweenthefunctionalcurrencyandforeigncurrency.ThedateofthetransactionisthedateonwhichthetransactionmeetstheconditionsforrecognitioninaccordancewithInternationalFinancialReportingStandards.Forpracticalreasons,oftenusinganexchangerateclosertoexistingatthetimeofthetransaction,forexample,maybeusedforweeklyormonthlyaveragerateforalltransactionsthattakeplaceatthattimeIneachoftheclassesofforeigncurrencyusedbytheentity.However,itisnotappropriatetouseaverageratesifduringtheinterval,thechangeshavefluctuatedsignificantly.
Financialinformationonthedatesofthebalancesheetspost
3.Ateachbalancesheetdate:
(a)monetaryitemsinforeigncurrenciesareconvertedusingtheexchangerateof
closure;
(b)thenon-monetaryforeigncurrencybeingvaluedintermsofhistoricalcost,willbeconvertedusingtheexchangerateonthedateofthetransaction;and
(c)thenon-monetaryforeigncurrencybeingvaluedatfairvalue,willbeconvertedusingtheexchangeratesofthedateitwasdeterminedthatfairvalue.
4.Todeterminetheamountofanitemistakenintoaccount,inaddition,otherrulesthatapply.Forexample,tangibleassetscanbevaluedintermsofhistoricalcostorrevaluedamount,inaccordancewithIAS16Property,plantandequipment.Regardlessofwhetherithasdeterminedtheamountbyusingthehistoricalcostorrevaluedamount,providedthatthisamounthasbeenestablishedinforeigncurrencyisconvertedtothefunctionalcurrencyusingtherulessetoutinthisStandard.
Recognitionofexchangedifferences
5.Exchangedifferencesthatariseinthesettlementofmonetaryitems,ortoconvertmonetaryitemsatratesdifferentfromthoseusedforitsinitialrecognition,havealreadyoccurredduringtheyearorinpreviousfinancialstatements,arerecognizedintheoutcomeofyearinwhichtheyappear.Seeadifferencewhenyouhavechangemonetaryitemsasaresultofatransactioninforeigncurrency,andthereisachangeintheexchangeratebetweenthedateofthetransactionandthesettlementdate.Whenthetransactionissettledinthesameyearinwhichtheyoccurred,theentireexchangedifferencewillberecognizedinthatperiod.However,whenthetransactionissettledinalaterperiod,theexchangedifferencerecognizedineachperiod,untilthesettlementdate,willbedeterminedfromthechangethathasoccurredintheexchangerateforeachyear.Whenrecognizeddirectlyinequitygainorlossonanon-monetary,anyexchangedifference,includinginsuchlossesorgainswerealsorecognizeddirectlyinequity.Bycontrast,whenthegainorlossonanon-monetaryrecognitioninprofitorloss,anyexchangedifference,includinginsuchlossesorgains,wasalsorecognizedinprofitorloss.
6.Exchangedifferencesarisingonamonetaryitemthatformspartofthenetinvestmentinabusinessoftheforeignentity,arerecognizedinprofitorlossoftheseparatefinancialstatementsofthereportingentityorintheseparatefinancialstatementsofbusinessabroad,asappropriate.Financialstatementscontainingthebusinessabroadandthereportingentity(forexample,theconsolidatedfinancialstatementsifthebusinessabroadisadependent),suchexchangedifferencesarerecognizedinitiallyasaseparatecomponentofequity,andsubsequentlyrecognizedintheoutcomewhenitbecomesavailableordisposedofbyothermeansbusinessabroad.Whenamonetaryitemispartofthenetinvestment,carriedoutbythereportingentityinaforeignoperation,andisdenominatedinthefunctionalcurrencyofthereportingentity,anexchangedifferencearisesintheseparatefinancialstatementsofthebusinessabroad.Whentheentitybearsitsrecordsandledgersinacurrencyotherthantheirfunctionalcurrencyandproceedtopreparetheirfinancialstatements,willconvertallamountstothefunctionalcurrency,assetoutinparagraphs1to26.Asaresult,willproducethesameamounts,intermsoffunctionalcurrency,whichwouldhavebeenearnediftheitemswereoriginallyrecordedinthefunctionalcurrency.Forexample,monetaryitemsaretranslatedintothefunctionalcurrencyusingtheexchangeratesofclosure,andnonmonetaryitemswhicharevaluedathistoricalcost,willbeconvertedusingtheexchangerateatthedateofthetransactionthatcreateditsappreciation.
7.Theresultsandfinancialpositionofanentitywhosefunctionalcurrencyisnotinaccordancewiththecurrencyofahyperinflationaryeconomy,translatedintothepresentationcurrency,shoulditbedifferent,usingthefollowingprocedures:
(a)theassetsandliabilitiesofeachbalancesheetpresented(i.e.,including
comparativefigures),willbeconvertedattherateofclosureonthedateofthecorrespondingstock;
(b)revenueandexpensesforeachprofitandlossaccounts(i.e.,includingcomparativefigures),willbecometheexchangeratesatthedateofeachtransaction;and
(c)allexchangedifferencesarisingoutofthis,itisrecognizedasaseparate
componentofequity.
8.Often,fortheconversionofitemsofincomeandexpenditure,isusedforpracticalpurposesanapproximaterate,representativeofchangesinthedatesoftransactions,suchastheaverageexchangerateoftheperiod.However,whenexchangerateshavechangedsignificantly,itisinappropriatetousetheaverageratefortheperiod.
9.Exchangedifferencesreferredtoinparagraph(c)ofparagraph39arelistedby:
(a)Theconversionofexpenditureandrevenuetotheexchangeratesofthedatesof
transactions,andoftheassetsandliabilitiesattherateofclosure.Thesedifferences
appeartochangeboththeexpenditureitemsandrevenuerecognizedintheresults,asrecognizedbythedirectlyinequity.
(b)ConversionofassetsandliabilitiestoanearlyNet-endexchangeratethatisdifferentfromthetypeusedinthepreviousclosing.Suchexchangedifferencesarenotrecognizedinprofitorlossbecauseofthevariationsinexchangerateshavelittleornodirecteffectoncashflowsarisingfromcurrentandfutureactivities.Whentheaboveexchangedifferencesrelatingtoabusinessabroadthatwhileconsolidating,isnotinvolvedinitsentirety,thecumulativeexchangedifferencesarisingfromtheconversionthatisattributabletotheminoritystake,willbeallocatedtoitandberecognizedaspartoftheminorityinterestintheconsolidatedbalancesheet.
10.Whentheentity'sfunctionalcurrencyisthatofahyperinflationaryeconomy,itwillrestateitsfinancialstatementsbeforeimplementingtheconversionmethodsetoutinparagraph42,accordingtoIAS29Financialreportinginhyperinflationaryeconomies,exceptthecomparativefigures,inthecaseofconversiontothecu
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