山东省济南市届高三年级学情检测一模英语试题含答案解析.docx
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山东省济南市届高三年级学情检测一模英语试题含答案解析.docx
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山东省济南市届高三年级学情检测一模英语试题含答案解析
山东省济南市2022届高三年级1月学情检测(一模)英语试题
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一、阅读理解
Therearehundredsofnon-profitswelcomingstudentsundertheageof18asvolunteers.Intheseactivities,studentscandevelopimportantlifeskills,culturalawarenessandalifelongpassionforservice.
UnionStationHomelessServices
Whetheryouvolunteerinourkitchenstopreparemealsorinourofficestohelpwithadministrativeprojects,youwillbeavaluablememberofourfamily.Wedoourbesttomatchvolunteerswithapositionthatsuitstheirinterestsandskills.
MinimumAge:
12
Call:
626-240-4550
NortheastAnimalShelter
TheNortheastAnimalShelter,establishedin1976,isoneofNewEngland’slargestnon-profitshelterswherethepetscanbetakengoodcareof.Wehaveplacedthousandsofdogsandcatssinceweopenedourdoors.Assoonasadogorcatarrives,ourstaffbeginsearchingfortheperfecthostforthem.Whilewaitingforawarmhome,thedogsandcatsreceivethebestofcare.
MinimumAge:
16
Call:
745-988-8305
NeedhamCommunityFarm
ThemissionofNeedhamCommunityFarmistodeepenourcommunity’sconnectiontonatureandthefoodsystembyprovidingfarm-basededucation,increasingaccesstohealthyproduceandencouragingenvironmentalprotection.
MinimumAge:
13
Call:
781-449-5300
ArlingtonPublicLibrary
Servingmorethan1.5millionpeopleayear,ArlingtonPublicLibraryholdsmorethan600,000items,frombooks,eBooks,andDVDs,todigitalphotocollectionsandprovidesfundedkitsforparentsandteachers.Weonlyacceptthevolunteerswithcommunityserviceexperience.
MinimumAge:
14
Call:
817-459-6900
1.Whichnon-profitcaresforpeopleinneed?
A.ArlingtonPublicLibrary.
B.NortheastAnimalShelter.
C.NeedhamCommunityFarm.
D.UnionStationHomelessServices.
2.WhatwillvolunteersdoforanimalsinNortheastAnimalShelter?
A.Cookhealthymeals.
B.Buildperfecthomes.
C.Findadoptivefamilies.
D.Searchfortheirowners.
3.WhatistherequirementforvolunteersinArlingtonPublicLibrary?
A.Theyareskillfulatsortingoutitems.
B.Theyoughttobeatleast12yearsold.
C.Theyhaveexperienceincommunityservice.
D.Theyshouldbecapableoftakingdigitalphotos.
ManyofushaveheardofAlexHonnold,whomadehistoryin2018whenhebecamethefirstmantoclimbEICapitanwithoutropesorsafetyequipment.Buthismother,DierdreWolownick,justbecametheoldestwomantoconquerthefamouspeak:
shereachedthetoponSeptember23—themorningofher70thbirthday.
Dierdre,thewriterandlanguageteacher,decidedtotakeupclimbingasameanstoconnectmorewithherson.In2008,accompaniedbyhersonAlex,shevisitedaclimbinggymandcompleted12routesthatfirstdaywithhishelp,butitwasmonthsbeforesheworkedupthecouragetoreturnandpracticeonherown.
Dierdrebecamecommittedtothesport,andbegantomeetfriendsandsharpenherskills.Shescaled(登上)partsofHalfDomeandCathedralpeakatatimewhenmanypeopleatheragearethinkingaboutretirementandslowingdown.ThewriterwouldgoontopublishabookaboutherclimbingexperienceswithAlexcalledTheSharpEndofLife:
AMother’sStory.
“Asamother,Iamimpressedbythisroleexchangeprocess.Parentsandchildrenoftenwindupchangingrolesinlifeastheygetolder,”shewritesinherbook.“Butnever,Ithought,isthattransformationasobviousaswhentheyclimbtogether.”
OnSeptember23,Dierdreandherfriendssetoutinthedark,at6am.Therouteissteep(陡峭的)enoughtorequireall-fours,grabbingrocksandtreesandwhateverelsewillholdtheweight.Yetdespitealldifficultiestheteammadeittothetop.“Itwasreallyinspiringtowatchherandthentohaveherontopwithallofus,”saidoneofDierdre’sfriends.“Therewasaspeciallookoneveryone’sface.Weknewwherewewere.Weknewhowamazingthemomenttrulywas.
4.WhydidDierdrestartclimbingmountains?
A.Toknowhersonbetter.
B.Tocelebrateherbirthday.
C.Toseekwritinginspiration.
D.Tosetanexamplefortheold.
5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDierdre?
A.Patient.B.Courageous.C.Intelligent.D.Generous.
6.WhatdoesthelastparagraphtellaboutDierdre’sclimbingjourney?
A.Itwasworththeefforts.
B.Ittookdaystocomplete.
C.Itwasarrangedonherown.
D.Itrequiredspecialequipment.
7.Whatmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.Mountainclimbingbenefitshealth
B.Mothergoesbeyondherson’swish
C.Climbtogether,bondcloser
D.Slowdown,betteryourlife
Newsmartwheelchairsaredesignedtoallowusersmorefreedomofmovement.Someevenallowthemtoraiseorlowertheseatsortogoupanddownstairs.Now,Scewo,aSwisscompany,hasdesignedtheirfuturisticmotorizedwheelchairScewoBrothatisacompletesolutionwithmultitaskinginnovation.ThissmartwheelchairissoadvancedandmultifunctionalthatitwontheDesignPrizein2018andhasbeenrecognizedasapioneerinthemedicaltechnologyindustry.
Withclearlydefinedlinesandareductiontotheessentials,thedesignteamdevelopedacleardesignlanguage.Thatway,ScewoBroisseenasanewgenerationofwheelchairsatfirstglance.ScewoBrouserscancontrolthewheelchaireitherbyatouchinterface(界面)orasmartphone.Theycanswitchfromonetotheotherandcanalsochoosefromthreedifferentmodes:
parkmode,drivemode,andtrackmode.Thisallowsforanyterrain(地形)andforpeoplewithmobilitydisabilitiestobeindependent.
Builtwithsafetyinmind,theseatalwaysbalancesitselfsotheuserstaysinasittingposition.Thisfeatureallowsuserstodealwithdifferentterrainswithouttheriskoftippingover.Besides,thefootrests,seat,andarmrestsaredesignedtobecomfortableandadjustable.
Thesmartwheelchaircangoupto35kilometersononechargeandcango10kilometersperhour.Ifabreakisneeded,justputthechairintotherelaxationposition.Thesmartwheelchaircomeswithtwosecurestorageareasforpeopleonthegotostorevaluables.Itcanfitinthetrunkofacarandcanbechargedinjustfivehours.
ScewoBroisavailableinSwitzerland,Austria,andGermany.Whilethefirstbatch(首批)hassoldout,peoplecanpre-orderfordeliveryattheendof2021.Thisfuturisticwheelchairwillallowforincreasedmovementandabetterqualityoflifeforpeoplewithmobilityissues.
8.Whatdoweknowaboutthewheelchair?
A.Ittargetsmedicalworkers.
B.Itfeaturesmorefunctions.
C.Itisdesignedforhouseholduse.
D.Itisthefirstmotorizedwheelchair.
9.WhatismainlydiscussedaboutthewheelchairinParagraph3?
A.Itsdesignphilosophy.
B.Itsworkingprinciple.
C.Itscustomerexperience.
D.Itsfashionableelements.
10.HowdoestheauthorintroducethewheelchairinParagraph4?
A.Bygivingexactfigures.
B.Bymakingcomparisons.
C.Byofferingexamples.
D.Bylistingreasons.
11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?
A.Thewheelchairneedsfurtherimprovement.
B.ThecompanyScewoisanon-profitorganization.
C.Thewheelchairuserscanmovearoundindependently.
D.Thedesignteamhasbeenawardedmanydesignprizes.
Whenpeoplehear“ArtificialIntelligence(AI),”manythinkofbigdata.ThereasonisthatsomeofthemostsignificantAIbreakthroughshavereliedonenormousdatasets.ButAIisnotonlyaboutlargedatasets,andresearchinsmalldataapproachesinthepastdecadehasgrownextensively,withTransferLearning(TL)(迁移学习)asanespeciallypromisingexample,whichishelpfulinsettingswhereyouhavefewdataonthetaskofinterestbutsufficientdataonarelatedproblem.
SmalldataapproacheslikeTLoffernumerousadvantagesovermoredata-intensivemethods.BytheuseofAIwithfewerdata,theycanfacilitateprogressinareaswherefewornodataexist,suchasinforecastingnaturaldisastersthatoccurrelativelyrarely.Moreimportantly,TLisofgreathelpintermsofgeneralization.AchallengeintheuseofAIisthatmodelsneedtogeneralizebeyondtheirtrainingdata—thatis,togivegood“answers”toamoregeneralsetof“questions”thanwhattheywerespecificallytrainedon.TLmodelsworkbytransferringknowledgefromonetasktoanother,sotheyareveryhelpfulinimprovinggeneralizationinthenewtask,evenifonlylimiteddataareavailable.
AIexpertssuchasAndrewNghavestatedthattheapproachwillbethenextdriverofgettingmachinelearningsuccessinindustry.Therearesomeearlysignsofsuccessfuladoptionandithasbeenappliedforcancerdiscoveryandmuchmore.
Despitetheincreaseinresearch,TLhasreceivedrelativelylittlevisibility.Whilemanymachinelearningexpertsanddatascientistsarefamiliarwithit,techniquessuchasTLdonotseemtohavereachedtheawarenessofthebroaderspaceofpolicymakersandbusinessleadersinpositionsofmakingimportantdecisionsaboutAIfundingandadoption.
ByacknowledgingthesuccessofsmalldatatechniqueslikeTLandsupportingtheirwidespreaduse,wecanhelpovercomesomewidespreadmisconceptionsregardingtheroleofdatainAIandpromoteinnovationinnewdirections.
12.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofTL?
A.Itisapotentialtechnique.
B.Itisofhelpinlargedatasets.
C.ItisanimportantAIbreakthrough.
D.Itisareliablesolutiontomultitasks.
13.InwhichaspectdoesTLshowitsadvantages?
A.Acquiringknowledge.
B.Discoveringquestions.
C.Collectingtrainingdata.
D.Improvinggeneralization.
14.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph4probablymean?
A.TLhaslittlevalue.
B.TLisaheatedtopic.
C.TLdrawspublicattention.
D.TLisnotwellrecognized.
15.What’sthepurposeofthistext?
A.Toclarifysomemisconceptions.
B.Tointroduceasmalldataapproach.
C.Topredictthepromisingfuture
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