高中英语 Unit 2 Cloning单元检测 新人教版选修8.docx
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高中英语 Unit 2 Cloning单元检测 新人教版选修8.docx
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高中英语Unit2Cloning单元检测新人教版选修8
第二单元检测
(时间:
90分钟 满分:
120分)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Britishscientistshavedonesomethingthatmanypeoplethoughtwasimpossible:
theycreatedthefirstcloneofanadultmammal(哺乳动物).Theclone,namedDolly,isaseven-month-oldsheep,grownfromacellofanadultfemalesheep.
Whatisaclone?
Acloneisacopy—ageneticcopy.Genesaretheinstructionsforlife.Theytellacellwhattodoandhowtodoit.Genesmakeeachindividualplantoranimaldifferentandunique.Butaclonehasthesamegenesastheoriginalorganism(生物体).
Cloningisnotnew.Plantshavebeenclonedforcenturies.Newplantsareoftengrownfromcuttingfromanotherplant.Also,plantslikepineapples,strawberriesandcarnations(康乃馨)aresometimescloned.Onebenefitofcloningisthatwecanmakemanycopiesofthebestandhealthiestplants.
Ithasbeenmuchmoredifficulttocloneanimals.Frogshavebeencloned,buttheydiedastadpoles,neverlivinglongenoughtobecomeadultfrogs.Mice,sheepandcattlehavebeenclonedfromembryos(胚胎).ButDollyisthefirsthealthycloneofanadultmammal.Howdidtheydoit?
(1)Anunfertilizedeggwastakenfromasheep.
(2)Theeggnucleus(细胞核)wasremoved.
(3)Acellwastakenfromtheudder(乳房)ofapregnant(怀孕的)sheep.Itwas“starved”,sothatitstoppedgrowing.
(4)Thetwocellswerecombinedintooneandthenimplantedinathirdsheep,whereitgrewnormally.
(5)Theclonewasborn.Itwasgeneticallyidenticaltothepregnantsheepinstep(3).
Thissoundsmucheasierthanitactuallywas.Toendupwithoneclone,thescientistsstartedwith277uddercells.Andtheyneededinawaytomaketheeggcellacceptanewnucleus.Theydidthatbystarvingthecellinstep(3).
Itmaysoonbepossibletoclonemanytypesofanimals.Willwealsobeable
toclonehumanorgans,orevenwholehumanbeings?
Wehaveonlybeguntothinkaboutthemoralityofclon
ingtechnology.Maybethequestiontoaskisnotwhetherwecanclonehumans,butinstead,shouldweclonehumans?
1Dollyisasheep becausesheisgrownfromacellofanadultfemalesheep.
A.thathasnotherfather
B.thathasnothermother
C.thathasnoparents
D.thathasnotanytail
答案C
解析推理判断题。
从文中可以看出,多莉是从一只成年羊的细胞中克隆出来的,所以它没有父母,而是那只成年羊的一个翻版。
2WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.Onlyplantscanbecloned.
B.Onlystrawberriesandcarnationscansometimesbecloned.
C.Animalsandplantshavequitealonghistoryofcloning.
D.Genescantellacellwhattodoandhowtodoitduringcloning.
答案D
解析细节理解题。
D项“基因在克隆过程中可以告诉细胞做什么及如何去做”,文章第二段说的正是这个意思。
第三段指植物可以克隆,第四段指动物也可以克隆,所以A项“只有植物可以克隆”不正确。
从文中第三段可知菠萝也是可以克隆的,所以B项“只有草莓和康乃馨可以克隆”不正确。
第三段中指植物已有几个世纪的克隆历史,而没有提到动物的克隆历史,所以C项“动植物都有相当长的克隆历史”与题意不符。
3Fromthefourthparagraphwecanknowthat .
A.atadpoleistheearlystageofagrown-upfrog
B.atadpoleisafrogwithoutatail
C.atadpoleisakindofanimal
D.atadpoleisacloneofanadultmammal
答案A
解析推理判断题。
文章第四段第二句中说:
人们曾经克隆过青蛙,但在蝌蚪阶段就死了,并没有进入成年青蛙阶段,所以我们可以判断,蝌蚪是青蛙的早期形态,故A项正确。
4WhichistherightorderintheprocessofthecloneofDolly?
a.Takinganunfertilizedeggfromanadultfemalesheep.
b.Removingtheegg’snucleus.
c.Combiningthetwocellsintooneandthenimplantingitinathirdsheep.
d.Takingacell
fromtheudderofapregnantsheep.
A.abcd B.cabd
C.abdcD.dcba
答案C
解析细节排序题。
根据克隆的步骤
(1)~(4)可知应选C项。
B
(导学号58980010)
HaveyouseenJurassicPark?
Inthisfilm,scientistsuseDNAkeptfortensofmillionsofyearstoclonedinosaurs.They
findtrouble,however,whentheyrealizethattheclonedcreaturesaresmarterandmoredangerousthanexpected.That’snothingmorethanafiction.
Butcouldwereallycloneendangeredanimals?
Todate,themostsuccessfulattempttodosowasthecloningofagaur(野牛),arareox-likeanimalfromsoutheastAsia.Scientistsusedacowtobringtheclonedbabygaur,namedNoah.Twodaysafterbirth,however,Noahdiedfromacommonbacterialinfection.OtherendangeredspeciesthatmaybeclonedincludetheAfricanbongoantelope(邦戈羚羊),theSumatrantiger,thecheetah(猎豹),andthegiantpanda.
Next,couldwereallycloneextinctanimals?
Intheory?
Yes.Todothis,youneedawell-keptsourceofDNAfromtheextinctanimalssuchaswoolmammoth(毛象),Tasmaniantiger,orevendinosaur,andacloselyrelatedspecies,stillliving,whichcouldserveasasurrogatemother.
Inreality?
Probablynot.Ontheonehand,it’snotlikelythatextinctanimals’DNAcouldsurviveundamagedforsuchalongtime.Cloningextinctanimalsaswoolmammoth,Tasmaniantiger,ordinosaurismuchmoredifficultduetothelackofproperlywell-preservedDNA.Ontheotherhand,forexample,agaurcanhaveacowasasurrogatemother,definitelynotamonkey.Butwhataboutanextinctanimalasuniqueasthepanda?
Whatspeciescouldpossiblyserveasasurrogat
emother?
Cloningpresentsmany
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