职称英语理工B真题及答案整理.docx
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职称英语理工B真题及答案整理.docx
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职称英语理工B真题及答案整理
2014年职称英语考试理工类B级真题及答案
第1部分:
词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)
每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号,请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Thecurriculumwastoonarrowandtoo(rigid).
A.hidden
B.traditional
C.official
D.inflexible
2.Hisprofessionalcareer(spanned)16years.
A.started
B.changed
C.lasted
D.moved
3.Themajorityofpeoplearoundhereare(decent).
A.real
B.normal
C.wealthy
D.honest
4.Severalwindowshadbeen(smashed).
A.cleaned
B.replaced
C.broken
D.fixed
5.Itwasamagicnightuntilthe(spell)wasbroken.
A.charm
B.time
C.space
D.opportunity
6.Londonquicklybecamea(flourishing)port.
A.major
B.large
C.commercial
D.successful
7.Thegroupdoesnot(advocate)theuseofviolence.
A.limit
B.support
C.regulate
D.oppose
8.Heledavery(moral)life
A.human
B.intelligent
C.natural
D.honorable
A.quitegood
B.veryuseful
C.verylimited
D.ratherspecial
10.Thecommitteewasaskedto(render)areportonthehousingsituation.
A.copy
B.publish
C.furnish
D.summarize
11.Hisstomachfelt(hollow)withfear.
A.sincere
B.respectful
C.terrible
D.empty
12.Shefeltthatshehaddonehergood(deed)fortheday.
A.homework
B.justice
C.model
D.act
13.Theworst(agonies)ofthewarwerenowbeginning.
A.parts
B.pains
C.aspects
D.results
14.Theyaretryingto(identify)whatiswrongwiththepresentsystem.
A.prove
B.consider
C.imagine
D.discover
15.Afterwardstherewasjustafeelingof(let-down).
A.disappointment
B.excitement
C.anger
D.Calm
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
SoMany‘Earths’
TheMilkyWay(银河)containsbillionsofEarth-sizedplanetsthatcouldsupportlife.That'sthefindingofanewstudy.ItdrawsondatathatcamefromNASA’stopplanet-huntingtelescope.
AmechanicalfailurerecentlyputthatKeplerspacetelescopeoutofservice.Keplerhadplayedabigroleincreatingacensusofplanetsorbitingsome170,000stars.Itsdatahavebeenhelpingastronomerspredicthowcommonplanetsareinourgalaxy.ThetelescopefocusedonhuntingplanetsthatmighthaveconditionssimilartothoseonEarth.
Theauthorsofastudy,publishedinTheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofsciences,concludethatbetween14and300utofevery100stars,withamassandtemperaturesimilartotheSun,mayhostaplanetthatcouldsupportlifeasweknowit.SuchaplanetwouldhaveadiameteratleastaslargeasEarth's,butnomorethantwicethatbig,Theplanetalsowouldhavetoorbitinastar'shabitablezone.That'swherethesurfacetemperaturewouldallowanywatertoexistasaliquid.
Thenewestimateofhowmanyplanetsmightfittheseconditionscomesfromstudyingmorethan42,000starsandidentifyingsuitableworldsorbitingthem.Thescientistsusedthosenumberstoextrapolate(推算)totherestofthestarsthatthetelescopecouldnotsee.
Theestimateisrough,theauthorsadmit.lfappliedtothesolarsystem,itwoulddefineashabitableazonestartingasclosetotheSunasVenusandrunningtoasfarawayasMars.NeitherplanetisEarthlike(althougheithermighthavebeeninthedistantpast).Usingtighterlimits,theresearchersestimatethatbetween4and8outofevery100sunlikestarscouldhostanEarth-sizedworld.Theseareonesthatwouldtake200t0400daystocompleteayearlyorbit.
Fouroutofevery100sunlikestarsdoesn’tsoundlikeabignumber.Itwouldmean,however,thattheMilkyWaycouldhostmorethanabillionEarth-sizedplanetswithachanceforlife.
16.TheKepterspacetelescopehasbeeninservicefor15years.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
17.ThemaintaskoftheKeplerspacetelescopeistofindoutplanetswithsimilarConditionstoEarth's.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
18.TheplanetthatcouldsupportlifemightbealittlebitsmallerthanEarth.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
19.TheEarthisaplanetorbitingintheSun'shabitablezone.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
20.Thenewfindingisbasedonathoroughstudyof170,000starsintheMilkyWay.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
21.Theestimateofthenumberofplanetsthatcouldsupportlifeisnotveryaccurate.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
22.Thisisthefirstresearchfindingabouttheplanetswithachanceforlife.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
第3部分:
概括大意和完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
ClimateChange:
TheLongReach
1 Earthiswarming.Sealevelsarerising.There'smorecarbonintheair,andArcticiceismeltingfasterthanatanytimeinrecordedhistory.Scientistwhostudytheenvironmenttobettergauge(评估)Earth'sfutureclimatenowarguethatthesechangesmaynotreverseforaverylongtime.
2 Peopleburnfossilfuelslikecoalandoilforenergy.Thatburningreleasescarbondioxide,acolorlessgas.Intheair,thisgastrapsheatatEarth’ssurface.Andthemorecarbondioxidereleased,themoretheplanetwarms.Ifcurrentconsumptionoffossilfuelsdoesn'tslow,thelongtermclimateimpactscouldlastthousandsofyears–andbemoreseverethanscientistshadbeenexpecting.ClimatologistRichardZeebeoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoaoffersthisconclusioninanewpaper.
3 Mostclimate-changestudieslookatwhat'sgoingtohappeninthenextcenturyorso.Duringthattime,changesintheplanet’senvironmentcouldnudge(推动)globalwarmingevenhigher.Forexample:
Snowandicereflectsunlightbackintospace.Butasthesemelt,sunlightcannowreach--andwarm--theexposedground.Thisextraheatraisestheairtemperatureevenmorecausingevenmoresnowtomelt.Thistypeofrapidexaggerationofimpactsiscalleda"fastfeedback."
4 Zeebesaysit'simportanttolookatfastfeedbacks.However',headds,they'relimited.Fromaclimatechangeperspective,“Thiscenturyisthemostimportanttimeforthenextfewgenerations,”hetoldScienceNews.“Buttheworldisnotendingin2100.”Forhisnewstudy,Zeebenowfocuseson“snowfeedbacks.”whilefastfeedbackeventsunfoldoverdecadesorcenturies,slowfeedbackscantakethousandsofyears.Meltingofcontinentalicesheetsandthemigrationofplantlife---astheyrelocatetomorecomfortableareas--aretwoexamplesofslowfeedbacks.
5 Zeebegatheredinformationfrompreviouslypublishedstudiesinvestigatinghowsuchprocessesplayedoutoverthousandsofyearsduringpastdramaticchangesinclimate.Thenhecameupwithaforecastforthefuturethataccountsforbothslowandfastfeedbackprocesses.Climateforecaststhatuseonlyfastfeedbackspredicta4.5degreeCelsius(8.1degreeFahrenheit)changebytheyear3000.Butslowfeedbacksaddedanotherl.50C--fora60totalincrease,Zeebereports.Healsofoundthatslowfeedbackeventswillcauseglobalwarmingtopersistforthousandsofyearsafterpeoplerunoutoffossilfuelstoburn.
A.Apredictionoffutureclimatechange
B.Impactofburningfossilfuels
C.Fastfeedbacks
D.Unpredictabilityoffeedbackprocesses
E.Risingofsealevels
F.Slowfeedbacks
23.Paragraph2__________
24.Paragraph3_________
25.Paragraph4__________
26.Paragraph5_________
A.rapidexaggerationofimpacts
B.averylongtime
C.theextraheat
D.previouslypublishedstudies
E.theexposedground
F.recordedhistory
27.Arcticicehasneverbeenmeltingsofastin__________.
28.Meltingofsnowandiceenablessunlighttoreach_________.
29.Zeebecameupwithhisfutureclimatepredictionbyanalyzing_________.
30.Afterfossilfuelsareusedup,globalwarmingwillcontinuefor_________.
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
TheMirSpaceStation
TheRussianMirSpaceStation,whichcamedownin2001atlastafter15yearsofpioneeringtheconceptoflong-termhumanspaceflight,isrememberedforitsaccomplishmentsinthehumanspaceflighthistory.Itcanbecreditedwithmanyfirstsinspace.
TheSovietUnionlaunchedMir,whichwasdesignedtolastfromthreetofiveyears,onFebruary20,1986,andhoused104astronautsover12yearsandsevenmonths,mostofwhomwerenotRussian.Infact,itbecamethefirstinternationalspacestationbyplayinghostto162peoplefrom11countries.From1995through1998,sevenastronautsfromtheUnitedStatestookturnslivingonMirforuptosixmonthseach2.Theywereamongthe37Americanswhovisitedthestationduringninestopoversbyspaceshuttles.
Themorethan400milliontheUnitedStatesprovidedRussianforthevisitsnotonlykeptMiroperating,butalsogavetheAmericansandtheirpartnersintheinternationalstationprojectvaluableexperienceinlong-termflightandmultinationaloperations.
AdebatecontinuesoverMir’scontributionstoscience.Duringitsexistence,Mirwasthelaboratoryfor23,000experimentsandcarriedscientificequipment,estimatedtobeworth$80million,frommanynations.3ExperimentsonMirarecreditedwitharangeoffindings,fromthefi
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