大学英语21世纪 Unit 1.docx
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大学英语21世纪 Unit 1.docx
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大学英语21世纪Unit1
Unit1
TextA
WinstonChurchill—HisOtherLife
Warm-upActivity
Procedures:
1.AskstudentswhattheyknowaboutWinstonChurchillandthetwo
WorldWars—theymaysayanythingthatpopsintotheirminds;
2.putwhatthey’vementionedontheblackboard;
3.thenprovidethefollowingtext-relatedinformation(allorpart)
andaskthemtotakebriefnotes;and
4.checktheircomprehensionwiththefollowingquestionsrelatedto
theinformationprovided.
Questions:
1.WhowasWinstonChurchill?
Whatpositionsdidheholdinthe
Britishgovernment?
(WinstonChurchillwasaBritishConservativestatesman,orator,
andwriternotedforhisleadershipduringWorldWarII.Heheld
variouspositionsinthegovernment,includingFirstLordofthe
AdmiraltyandPrimeMinister.)
2.DuringWorldWarI,whichcountrieswerethemainAllies(协约国),
andwhichwerethemainCentralPowers(同盟国)?
(ThemainAllieswereFrance,Russia,Britain,ItalyandtheUS,
whilethemainCentralPowerswereGermany,Austria-Hungaryand
Turkey.)
3.WhatwasthedirectcausefortheAllies’—BritainandFrance’s
—declarationofwaragainstGermanythatstartedWorldWarII?
(ThedirectcausewastheGermaninvasionofPolandonSept.1,
1939.)
4.WhathappenedtoWinstonChurchillasaresultofthelossofthe
Dardanellescampaignin1916?
(HewasremovedfromtheAdmiralty.)
Text-relatedInformation
1.WinstonChurchill(1874-1965)
BritishConservativestatesman,orator,andwriter,notedfor
hisleadershipduringWorldWarII.Heheldvariouspostsunder
bothgovernments,includingFirstLordoftheAdmiralty(1911-1915,
1939-1940),andChancelloroftheExchequer(财政大臣)(1924-1929)
beforebecomingPrimeMinister(1940-1945,1951-1956).Hiswritings
includeTheWorldCrisis(1923-1929),TheSecondWorldWar(1948-
1953),andAHistoryoftheEnglish-SpeakingPeoples(1956-1958).
HewonNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1953.
2.theAdmiralty
TheAdmiralty,ortheAdmiraltyBoardwastheexecutive
departmentoftheBritishMinistryofDefenceformerlyresponsible
fortheadministrationandplanningoftheBritishRoyalNavy.
3.WorldWarI
Thewar,whichlastedfrom1914to1918,wasfoughtmainlyin
EuropeandtheMiddleEast,inwhichtheAllies—principally
France,Russia,Britain,Italyafter1915,andtheUSafter1917—
defeatedtheCentralPowers—principallyGermany,Austria-Hungary,
andTurkey.Millionsdiedinstatictrenchwarfare(堑壕战).After
theOctoberRevolutionin1917,theBolsheviksendedRussian
participationinthewaronDec.15,1917.TheexhaustedCentral
PowersagreedtosignanarmisticeonNov.11,1918andquickly
gaveintointernalrevolution,beforebeingforcedtosignthe
TreatyofVersaillesonJune28,1919andothertreaties.
4.WorldWarII
Thewarlastedfrom1939to1945,inwhichtheAllies(同盟国)
—BritainandFrance—declaredwaronGermanyonSept.3,1939
asaresultoftheGermaninvasionofPolandonSept.1,1939.
ItalyenteredthewaronthesideofGermanyandformedtheAxis
(轴心国)onJune10,1940shortlybeforethecollapseofFrance
andthesigningofthearmisticeonJune22,1940.OnJune22,
1941theAxispowersattackedtheformerSovietUnion,andon
Dec.7,1941theJapaneseattackedtheUSatPearlHarbor.Italy
surrenderedonSept.8,1943,andthewarinEuropeendedon
May7,1945withtheunconditionalsurrenderoftheGermans.The
JapanesecapitulatedonAug.14,1945shortlyafterthedropping
ofatombombsbytheAmericansonHiroshimaandNagasaki.
5.theDardanellescampaign
ItlastedfromFeb.1915toJan.1916,andwasaconcerted
militarycampaignagainstTurkeywagedbytheBritishandFrance,
whichWinstonChurchillhadfavored.Thecampaign,whichhadbeen
expectedtobeariskyyetpromisingone,endedinthearduous
retreatofBritishforceswithacasualtyof213,980menandheavy
lossanddamagetowarships.ThelosingcampaignledtoWinston
Churchill’sremovalfromtheAdmiralty.TheDardanellesisthe
straitbetweentheAegeanandtheSeaofMarmara,separating
EuropeanfromAsianTurkey.
Languagepoints
1.(L1-2)Myfather,WinstonChurchill,beganhisloveaffairwith
paintinginhis40s,amiddisastrouscircumstances:
A.loveaffair:
romancebetweentwopeoplewholoveeachotherbutwhoarenot
marriedtoeachother;greatenthusiasmorliking(forsth.)
Thegirl’sloveaffairwiththeoldmanworriesherparents.
Shestartedherloveaffairwithballetwhenshewasonlyeight.
B.amid:
prep.
(Whensth.happensorexistsamidalotofotherthings,it
happensorexists)atthesametimeof;among
Thegovernmentcollapsedamidbudgetquarrels.
Thedebatetookplaceamidamoodofgrowingpoliticaltension.
Amidallthebushesstoodalonelytree.
C.circumstances:
n.(pl.)
conditionsofasituationwhichhaveaneffectonwhatisdoneor
onthewaysth.isdone
Evenunderthemostfavorablecircumstancesthisisn’teasy.
Insomecircumstancesitmaybenecessaryforthemanaging
directortocomehereinperson.
D.Paraphrasethissentence.
Myfather,WinstonChurchill,developedagreatlikingforpainting
whenhewasoverfortyyearsold,atimewhenthingswereextremely
unfavorableforhim.
2.(L2-4)AsFirstLordoftheAdmiraltyin1915,hehadbeendeeply
involvedinacampaignintheDardanelles…:
A.campaign:
n.
a.aseriesofbattles
AbombingcampaignwasconductedagainstmilitarytargetsinIraq.
Theyhaveplannedanall-outcampaigntostormtheenemy
stronghold.
b.aseriesofplannedactivitiesdesignedforaspecificpurpose
Thecompanyisgoingtolaunchasalescampaignfortheirnew
product.
Ourcampaignagainstsmokingissupportedbythemedical
profession.
B.Paraphrase.
AstheprincipalofficeroftheAdmiraltyBoard,hehadtakena
significantpartinaseriesofbattlesintheDardanelles…
3.(L4-5)thatcouldhaveshortenedthecourseofabloodyworldwar:
which,ifvictorious,couldhavebroughtaquickendtothecruel
WorldWarI
SomepeopleintheAllieshadbelievedthattheDardanelles
campaignwouldbevictoriousandwouldbringaquickendtoWorld
WarI,but,unfortunately,thecampaignfailed.
4.(L5-7)Butwhenthemissionfailed,withgreatlossoflife,Churchill
paidtheprice,bothpubliclyandprivately:
A.mission:
n.
animportantjobsb.issenttodoinanotherplace,esp.fora
militaryorpoliticalpurpose
HewasimmediatelysenttoParis.Hismissionwastonegotiatea
cease-fire.
Hewasonadangerousmissionbehindtheenemylines.
B.price:
n.
whatmustbegiven,done,orundergonetoobtainorcompensate
forsomething
paytheprice:
experiencesomethingunpleasantbecauseonehasdonesomething
wrong,madeamistake,etc.
Wepaidaheavypriceforthevictory,forwelost10,000soldiers.
Thisisasmallpricetopayforindependence.
C.Paraphrasethissentence.
Butthecampaignwaslost,withgreatlossoflife,andChurchill
sufferedforitsloss,bothasagovernmentofficerandasan
ordinaryperson.
5.(L7-8)HewasremovedfromtheAdmiraltyandlosthisposition
ofpoliticalinfluence:
A.remove:
v.Hereitmeans“dismiss).
a.remove+object+from…
Hewasremovedfromthepost.
Theofficermustberemovedfromhisposition.
b.remove+object+from(aplace)+to(anotherplace)
(meaning:
togotoliveorworkinanotherplace)
Thepatientwasremovedfromtheprivateroomtoaward.
OurofficehasremovedfromLondontoHarlow.
B.influence:
n.
powertocontroloraffectbytheuseofposition,wealth,etc.
Theyareinpositionsofpowerandinfluence.
Thankstohisfather’sinfluencehewasabletogetthejob.
C.Paraphrasethissentence.
HewasdismissedfromhispositionasFirstLordoftheAdmiralty
Boardandhispowerfulpositioninthegovernmentwaslost.
6.(L10)Overwhelmedbythedisaster:
overwhelm:
v.
make(sb.)feelcompletelyhelpless,astonished,orembarrassed;
overpowerthethoughts,emotions,orsensesof(sb.)
Hewasoverwhelmedbytheintensityofherlove.
Fearoverwhelmedme.
Attheageofforty,hewasoverwhelmedwithwork,illnessand
familyproblems.
7.(L12-14)heretiredwithhisfamilytoHoeFarm,acountryretreat
inSurrey:
A.retire:
v.
goaway;leaveagroupofpeople,soastobeonone’sown
Heretiredtohisstudyupstairs.
Sheagreedtodanceforusandretiredtoputonhercostume.
Theguestsretiredtothelivingroomafterdinner.
B.retreat:
n.
aquietorprivateplacethatonegoesinordertorestorto
concentrateonaparticularproblemortask
asummerretreat/aweekendretreat
Mikeusedtogotohiscomfortableretreatbythelakealone.
C.Paraphrase.
hewenttoHoeFarm,aquietplaceinSurrey,withhisfamily
8.(L15)Themuseofpaintingcametomyrescue:
A.go/cometothe/sb.'srescue
Itmeans“tosavesb.fromadifficultordangeroussituation”.
Theboywasstrugglingintheicywaterwhenayoungmancame
tothe/hisrescue.
Wewereabouttoclosedownthebusinesswhenthebankcameto
ourrescue.
IwasembarrassedasIcouldn’trememberhisname;fortunately
Marycametomyrescue.
B.Paraphrasethissentence.
ThegoddessofpaintinghelpedmewhenIwasindifficulty.
9.(L16-17)hechanceduponhissister-in-lawsketching…:
chanceupon(oron):
meetordiscoverunexpectedly;comeuponbyaccident
Ichanceduponanoldschoolmateinthestreetyesterday.
Hechancedonthesolutiontothatproblem.
Shechancedonsomeoldlovelettersherhusbandkeptinthe
backofthedrawer.
10.(L19)andtriedhishand
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