125个常用拉丁语词根.docx
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125个常用拉丁语词根.docx
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125个常用拉丁语词根
a-,ab-,abs-(Latin:
from,away,awayfrom;usedasaprefix).
ThisprefixisnormallyusedwithelementsofLatinandFrenchorigins(abs-usuallyjoinselementsbeginningwithc,qort).
Theformab-isregularlyusedbeforeallvowelsandh;anditbecomesa-beforetheconsonantsm,p,andv.Theprefixapo-hassimilarmeanings.
ad-(Latin:
to,adirectiontoward,additionto,near;usedasaprefix).
ad-appearsbeforevowelsandbeforetheconsonantsd,h,j,m,andv:
agri-,agrio-(Greek>Latin:
fields).
“Wild,savage;livinginthefields”throughLatin,ager,agri.
amat-,amor-,am-(Latin:
love,loving;fondnessfor).
ami-,amic-(Latin:
friend).
ambi-,amb-(Latin:
both,onbothsides;around,about).
ambul-,ambulat-,-ambulate,-ambulating,-ambulation-ambulator,-ambulatory,-ambulant,-ambulic,-ambulism,-ambulist(Latin:
walk,takesteps,
movearound;from“towander,togoastray”).
anima-,anim-(Latin:
animallife;breath;soul;mind).
Anima-is“alivingbeing”fromaLatinformmeaning,“ofair,havingaspirit,living”,whichinturncomesfromanotherformmeaning,“breathofair,air,soul,life”.
anni-,annu-,enni-(Latin:
year,yearly).
ante-,anti-,ant-(Latin:
before,infrontof,priorto,forward;usedasaprefix).
Comparethiselementwithanti-,meaning“against”.Anti-,withthemeaningof“before”,isfoundinveryfewwords,suchas:
“antipasto”(fromItalian).and“anticipate”withitsvariousforms,plusafewscientificterms.
aqua-,aquatic-,aqui-,aqu-,-aquatically,aque-,-aqueous(Latin:
water).
audio-,aud-,audi-,audit-(Latin:
hearing,listening,perceptionofsounds).
bene-,ben-,beni-(Latin:
good,well)andbon-(Latin:
good).
brevi-,brev-[brie-,bri-](Latin:
short).
cand-,can-,cend-(Latin:
glow;white).
capit-,capt-,ceps-,chapt-,chef,cip-,-cup-(Latin:
head,leader,chief,orfirst).
carno-,carn-,carne-,carni-(Latin:
flesh,meat).
celer-(Latin:
fast,speed,swift,rapid).
centi-,cent-(Latin:
hundred;adecimalprefixusedintheinternationalmetricsystemformeasurements).
Thisprefixisusedinthemetric[decimal]systemas,one-hundredth[U.S.]andhundredth[U.K.],anddenotes1/100thofaunitor10-2[0.01].Themetricsymbolforcenti-isc.
-cise,-cis,-cide(Latin:
asuffix;tocut,cut).
-cide,-cides,-cidal(Latin:
asuffix;kill,killer;murder,tocausedeath,slayer;cutter;“tocutdown”).
Don’tconfusethiselementwiththeanother-cidethatmeans“tocut”;although-cide,“death”,isrelatedto-cise,-cide,“tocutdown”.
circum-(Latin:
around,about,surrounding,onallsides;literally,“inacircle”).
com-[co-,cog-,col-,con-,cor-](Latin:
together,with;usedasaprefix).
contra-,contro-,counter,contre-(Latin:
against,opposedto,opposite,contrary;usedasaprefix).
cor-,cord-,cour-(Latin:
heart).
corp-,corpor-,corpus-(Latin:
body).
cred-,credit-,creed-(Latin:
believe,belief,faith,confidence,trust).
cura-,cur-(Latin:
heal,cure[carefor,giveattentionto,totakecareof]).
cur(r).-,curs-,-course(Latin:
run,go).
dei-,div-(Latin:
God,god[deity,divinenature]).
adieu(French):
Goodbye(literally,“Icommendyoutogod.”).
dento-,dent-,denta-,dentino-,denti-,dentin-(Latin:
tooth,teeth).
dic-,dict-(Latin:
talk,speak,say,tell,declare).
digit(Latin:
finger,toe).
dor-,do-,don-(Greek>Latin:
gift).
dorm-,dormi-(Latin:
sleep,sleeping).
duo-,du-(Latin:
two;anumberusedasaprefix).
duc-,-duce,-duct,-ducent,-ductor,-duction,-ductive,-ducer,-ducement,
ducation(Latin:
lead,leading,bring,take,draw).
equ-,equi-(Latin:
same,equal,similar,even).
ex-(e-,ef-).(Latin:
[outof,from];[upward];[completely,entirely];[toremovefrom,depriveof];[without];[former];usedasaprefix).
extra-,extro-(Latin:
beyond,outside,ontheoutside,outward,external;usedasaprefix).
fac-,fact-,feas-,-feat,-fect,-feit,-facient,-faction,fic-,-fy,facil-(Latin:
make,do,build,cause,produce;forming,shaping).
fid-,fidel-(Latin:
believe,belief,trust,faith).
fin-(Latin:
end,last,limit,boundary,border).
flagr-(Latin:
fire;burn,blaze).
fluct-,flucti-,-flux,flu-(Latin:
flow,wave).
fortu-,fortun-(Latin:
chance,fate,luck).
frag-,frang-,fract-,fring-(Latin:
break).
fug-,-fuge,-fugit(Latin:
driveaway,flee,fly,runaway).
grad-,-grade,-gred,-gree,-gress(Latin:
walk,step,takesteps,movearound;walkingorstepping).
grav-,griev-(Latin:
heavy,weighty).
habili-,habil-(Latin:
clothe,clothing;thatwhichmaybeeasilyhandled,suitable,fit,proper).
ign-,igni-,ignis-(Latin:
fire,burn).
inter-(Latin:
between[alsamong,mutually,together];usedasaprefix).
intra-(Latin:
within,inside,ontheinside;usedasaprefix).
jet-,-ject,-jecting,-jected,-jection,-jector,-jectory;jac-(Latin:
throw,send,fling,hurl,cast;gush;spurt).
junct-,jug-(Latin:
join,unite,yoke).
lav-,lava-,lavat-(Latin:
wash,bathe).
linguo-,lingu-,lingua-,-linguist,-linguistic,-linguistical,-linguistically(Latin:
tongue,language).
luco-,luc-,luci-,lux,-lucence,-lucent(Latin:
light,shine).
locu-,loc-(Latin:
talk,speak,say,word,speech).
lumen-,lumin-,lum-(Latin:
light,shine;source).
luna-,luni-,lun-,lunu-(Latin:
moon,light,shine).
magni-,magn-(Latin:
large,big,great).
mal-,male-,mali-(Latin:
bad,badly,harsh,wrong;ill;evil;abnormal,defective).
Thiscombiningformhasnoetymologicalconnectionto“male”,meaning“man”or“masculine”;despitewhatsomewomenmaythink.
manu-,man-,mani-(Latin:
hand).
medio-,medi-(Latin:
middle).
migr-,migrat-(Latin:
wander,moving).
milli-[MILi],mille-,mill-,mili-(Latin:
thousand;adecimalprefixusedintheinternationalmetricsystemformeasurements).
Inthemetric[decimal]system,milli-denotes1/1000ofaunit,thousandth[U.S.]andthousandthpart[U.K.];10-3[0.001]Themetricsymbolformilli-ism.
mini-,minor-,minut-,minu-(Latin:
small,little).
miss-,-miss,-mis-,-mit,-mitt-(Latin:
send,letgo,causetogo;throw,hurl,cast).
mort-,mor-,mori-(Latin:
death,dead).
multi-,mult-(Latin:
many,much;usedasaprefix).
nom-,nomen-,nomin-,-nomia,-nomic(Latin:
name).
Don’tconfusethiselementwiththeGreeknomo-thatmeans“law”.
non-(Latin:
nothing,not).
novo-,nov-,novi-(Latin:
new,recent;usedasaprefix).
omni-,omn-(Latin:
all,every).
pac-,peac-,peas-(Latin:
peace,calm).
pari-,par-(Greek:
same,equal,equality,equalvalue).andpeer,pair(Latin:
same,equal,similar).
pass-,pati-(Latin:
suffering,feeling;enduring).
ped-,pedi-,-pedal,-ped,-pede,-pedia(Latin:
foot).
petro-,petr-,petri-,peter-(Greek>Latin:
stone,rock).
port-,portat-(Latin:
carry,bring,bear).
port-(Latin:
door,gate,entrance,harbor).
poten-,pot-,poss-,-potent,-potence,-potency,-potential(Latin:
power,strength,ability).
pre-(prae-)(Latin:
before[bothintimeandplace];usedasaprefix).
pro-,por-(Greek>Latin:
before;forward;for,infavorof;infrontof;inplaceof,onbehalfof;usedasaprefix).
quir-,quisit-,quis-,que-,quer-,quest-,-quirement,-quirable,-quisition,-quisitive(Latin:
ask,seek).
re-,red-(Latin:
back,backward,again;usedasaprefix).
retro-,retr-(Latin:
back,backward,behind;usedasaprefix).
rupt-,-rupting,-ruption(Latin:
break,tear,rend;burst).
sana-,sani-,san-(Latin:
healthy,whole;byextension:
cure,heal,takecareof).
sci-,-science,-sciently,-scientific,-scientifically,-scient,-sciently(Latin:
know,learn,knowledge).
scrib-,script-,-scribe,-scription,-scriptive(Latin:
write,record).
sec-,seg-,-sect,-section,-sectional(Latin:
tocut).
semi-(Latin:
half,partly,twice;usedasaprefix).
senso-,sens-,sensi-,sensori-,sent-(Latin:
feeling,sensation,perceptionthroughthesenses,beaware,discernbythesenses).
sed-,sedat-,-sid,-sess(Latin:
sit).
sol-,soli-,solo-(Latin:
sun).
soli-,sol-(Latin:
one,alone,only).
solv-,-solu-,solut-,-sol,-soluble,-solubility,-solvent(Latin:
loosen,dissolve;untie,setfree).
sono-,son-,sona-,-sonous,-sonic,-sonically(Latin:
sound).
spec-,spic-,spect-,spectat-,spectro--spectr,-spectful,-spection,-spective(Latin:
see,sight,look,appear,behold,andexamine).
spiro-,spir-,spira-,spirat-,-spire,-spiring,-spiration,-spirational(Latin:
breathoflife,breath,breathing,mind,spirit,courage,“soul”).
stato-,stat-,sta-,-static,-stasi,staso-,-stasis,-stasia,-stacy,-stitute,-stitution,-sist,-stasic,-stit-(Greek:
standing,stay,makefirm,fixed).
stell-(Latin:
star).
stru-,struct-,-structure,-struction,-structive(Latin:
build,construct,placetogether,arrange).
sub-(Latin:
under,below[suc-,suf-,sug-,sum-,sup-,sur-,sus-];usedasaprefix)andsubter-(Latin:
under,beneath,secretly,lessthan;formedfromsub-;usedasaprefix).
Don’tconfusethesur-inthiselementwiththesur-insuper-.Note:
sub-regularlymeans“under”,butitoftenchangesitsformasitretainsitsmeaning:
super-,supra-,sur-(Latin:
above,over,morethan;excessive).
Sur-isaformofsuper-formedthroughtheFrenchandshouldn’tbeconfusedwithanotherassimilatedsur-formthatcomesfromsub-andmeans:
“under,below,beneath”.Insomewords,super-isamplifiedtomean:
“ontopof;higherinrankorpositionthan;superiorto;greaterinquality,amount,ordegreethanothersofitskind;toadegreegreaterthanothersofitskind;toadegreegreaterthannormal;extra,additional”.
tempo-,tempor-(Latin:
time,occasion).
Don’tco
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- 125 常用 拉丁语 词根
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