非谓语动词作定语语法讲义.docx

非谓语动词作定语语法讲义.docx

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非谓语动词作定语语法讲义

1.

如果横线放在了名词或名词+逗号之后，则作的是定语。

如：

Themeetingyesterdaywasveryimportant.

Theuniversity,in1902,hasahistoryofacentury.

2.翻译：

翻译时先把句子的主干部分找出来，然后看剩下的部分

Themeetingyesterdaywasveryimportant.

Theuniversity,in1902,hasahistoryofacentury.

•:

可hemeetingheldyesterdaywasveryimportant.

1.和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系

2.时间关系：

将要发生、正在发生、已经完成如：

1）Therepairscostalot,butit'smoneywell.

A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending

2）Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketthedesert.

A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover

3）—Thelastonepaysthemeal.

—Agreed!

（2007全国卷I）

A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving

1.能作定语的不定式和分词有：

todo,tobedone,doing,beingdone,done（

注：

havingdone

havingdone

••

Theoldman,havingwaitedforthebusforhalfanhour,foundhehadlefthiswalletathome.（这havingwaited,）

Theoldman,whohadwaitedforthebusforhalfanhour,foundhehadlefthiswalletathome

todo:

如:

Ihavealotofthingstodo.

Theyearstofollowwillbeveryhard.

tobedone:

和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作还没发生。

•:

可hemeetingtobeheldtomorrowwillbeveryimportant.

doing（及物动词）：

和逻辑主语是主动关系

如：

Hereceivedalettersayinghismotherwouldcometoseehimsoon.beingdone（•・・•・）

如：

Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.

done（•物••）

注：

Thingslostwillnevercomeagain.

Wefinishedtheworkinlessthanhalfthetimeallowed.

如：

thedevelopingcountries:

thedevelopedcountries：

a）

如：

Heisthebestpersontodothejob.

ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.

b）

如：

DoyouhavetheabilitytowriteinEnglish.

c）

time,place・・way・・‘如：

Ineedaroomtolivein.

Ineedapentowritewith.

Ihadmoneyandnoplacetolive（in）.

d）

Ihavealotofthingstodo.todo

Ihavealotofthingstobedone.我有很多事情要做。

（被别人做・别人是tobedone

1.tobedone,beingdone,done作

.tobedone：

beingdone:

done

•:

ThemeetingtobeheldtomorrowwillbeveryimportantThemeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportantThemeetingheldyesterdaywasveryimportant.

2.havesomethingtodo••havesomethingtobedone•区havesomethingtodo

havesomethingtobedone主语有事让别人做

•:

Hhavealotofthingstodo.・to*do动作•发“

Ihavealotofthingstobedone.我有很多事情要做。

（被别人做，别人是tobedone

1.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpensesvacationtoChina.

A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid

2.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therestinayear.

A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed

3.Therehavebeenseveralneweventstotheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympic

Games.

A.addB.toaddC.addingD.added

4.TherearehundredsofvisitorsinfrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh

paintings.

A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait

5.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsChineseintheschool,most

werefromGermany.

A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom

6.TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGamesinBeijingin2008.

A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld

7.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone.

A.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamed

8.Fivepeoplewonthe“China'GsreenFigure”award,atitletoordinarypeopletheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.

A.beinggivenB.isgivenC.givenD.wasgiven

9.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdeskscouldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.（2007

国卷II）

B.tobeopenedandclosed

D.toopenandclose

'«swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.（海007

A.tobecompleted

B.havingbeencompletedC.completedD.beingcompleted

11.

'彳helptalkingto*myself.）（2007

D.havelost

D.sat

D.toblowdown

“Thingsnevercomeagain!

”Icouldn

A.lostB.losingC.tolose

12.Canthoseatthebackoftheclassroomhearme?

A.seatB.sitC.seated

13.Thetreesinthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.

A.beingblowndownB.blowndownC.blowingdown

14.

Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime.

15.ItisoneofthefunniestthingsontheInternetsofarthisyear.

A.findingB.beingfoundC.tofindD.found

16.Ideally___forBroadwaytheatreandFifthAvenue,theNewYorkParkhotelisafavouritewithmanyguests.

A.locatingB.beinglocatedC.havingbeenlocatedD.located

17.Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.

A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced

18.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruitonhisownfarm.

A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow

19.Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlawsparentstotakemoreresponsibilityforthe

educationoftheirchildren.

A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforced

20.Nowthatwe•vediscussedoutproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions?

A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake

21.WeareinvitedtoapartyinourclubnextFriday.

A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding

22.Withthegovernment•«said,thosebyttheqeakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.

A.affectB.affectingC.affectedD.wereaffected

23.Thereisagreatdealofevideneethatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthe

brain.

A.indicateB.indicatingC.toindicateD.tobeindicating

24.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnewwithallbyourselveseveryday.

A.dealB.dealtC.todealD.dealing

25.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentsomeoldmapsfromthelibrary.

A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing

26.I'mcallingtoenquireaboutthepositioninyesterday'sChinaDaily.

A.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingD.havingadvertised

27.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoneyinthelibrary.

A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscovered

28.Ihavealotofreadingsbeforetheendofthisterm.

A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted

29.Hisfirstbooknextmonthisbasedonatruestory.

A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished

30.Agreatnumberofstudentssaidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.

A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioning

31.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheonefirstisthelibrary.

A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepaired

32.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourandlessthan40poundsmust

beinachildsafetyseat.

A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing

33.Thaiistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.

A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce

34.Onhearingaphonecallfromhiswifeshehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushed

homefromhisoffice.

A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay

35.Theisland,tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.

A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined

36.Recentlyasurveypricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascaused

heateddebateamongcitizens.

A•comparedB•comparingC•comparesD•beingcompared

37.Thenextthinghesawwassmokefrombehindthehouse.

A.roseB.risingC.toriseD.risen

38.Theabilityanideaasimportantastheideaitself

AexpressingBexpressedCtoexpressDtocover

39.Theplayersfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.

AselectingBtoselectedCselectedDhavingselected

40.Lookoverthere-there•«saverylong,windingpathuptothehouse.

A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead

41.TsinghuaUniversity,in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.

A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded

42.We«rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisionatthemeetingwillinflueneethe

futureofourcompany.

A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade

43.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope.

A.providingB.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide

44.Thelecture,at7:

00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwith

telescopes.

A.startingB.beingstartingC.tostartD.tobestarted

45.Johnhasreallygotthejobbecauseheshowedmetheofficialletterhimit.

A.offered

B.offering

C.tooffer

D.tobeoffered

1-5BCDCD

6-10CCCCC

11-15ACBCD

16-20DCABC21-25ACBCC

26-30AABBC

31-35DDBCC

36-40BBCCA41-45CABAB

2.

1.

1.宾语补足语

A.如果横线部分放在了及物动词+名词或代词之后。

如：

Ihearhiminthenextroom.

注：

能跟宾语+宾语补足语的动词常见的有以下三类：

1.感官动词：

see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,hear,listento

2.使役动词：

have,let,make,get

3.find,keep,want,leavecatch

如：

Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar.

A.washedB.washC.washingD.towash、

Ilookedupandnoticedasnakeitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.

A.towindB.windC.windingD.wound

allow,permit,forbid,persuade,require,remind,invite,wish,warn,encourage,callon等。

注：

特别关注allow和permit的用法

Allow/permitdoing

Allow/permitsbtodo

Sbbeallowed/permittedtodo

•:

Wedontallowsmokinghere.

Wedon'tallowyoutosmokehere.

Youarenotallowedtosmokehere.

•…hope,suggest

hopesbtodo••

suggestsbtodo•

B.如果横线放在with+名词或代词之后。

如：

Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersuperintheparkwiththeirpetdog.

A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.follows

2.主语补足语

下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语，它们是：

sbbesaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought.

ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreportedtheworldrecordinthe

110-meterhurdlerace.（2007辽宁卷）

A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.tobreak