陶洁版 美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案之欧阳文创编.docx

陶洁版 美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案之欧阳文创编.docx

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陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案之欧阳文创编

美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁（部分）

时间：

2021.03.12

创作：

欧阳文

Unit1BenjaminFranklin

Questions

1.WhydidFranklinwritehisAutobiography?

Franklinsaysthatbecausehissonmaywishtoknowabouthislife,heistakinghisoneweekvacationintheEnglishcountrysidetorecordhispast.Healsosaysthathehasenjoyedhislifeandwouldliketorepeatit

2.WhatmadeFranklindecidetoleavethebrothertowhomhehadbeenapprenticed?

Hisbrotherwaspassionate,andhadoftenbeatenhim.Theaversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktohimthroughhiswholelife.Afterabrushwiththelaw,Franklinlefthisbrother.

3.HowdidhearriveinPhiladephia?

FirsthesetoutinaboatforAmboy,theboatdroppedhimoffabout50milesfromBurlington,thenextdayhereachedBurlingtononfoot,inBurlingtonhefoundaboatwhichwasgoingtowardsPhiladelphia,hearrivedthereabouteightornineo’clock,ontheSundaymorningandlandedattheMarketStreetwharf.

4.Whatfeaturesdoyoufindinthestyleoftheaboveselection?

ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision（言简意赅）.Thenarrativeislucid（易懂的）,thestructureissimple,theimageryishomely（朴素的）.

Unit2EdgarAllenPoe

1.Whoisthenarrator?

Whatwrongdoeshewanttoredress?

Montresor.

Fortunato,oneofwineexpertsinsultedhim,sohewantedtomurderhim.

2.WhatisthepretextheusestolureFortunatotohiswinecellar?

HebaitsFortunatobytellinghimhehasobtainedwhathebelievestobeacaskofAmontilladoarareandvaluablesherrywine.

FortunatoisanxioustodeterminewhetherornotitistrulyAmontillado,sohegoestothevaultwithMontresor.

3.WhathappenstoFortunatointheend?

Hewaswalledupalivebehindbricksinawinecellar.

4.DescribebrieflyhowPoecharacterizesMontresorandFortunatoascontrasts?

Poeusescolorimagerytocharacterizethem.Montresorfaceiscoveredinablacksilkmask,Incontrast,Fortunatodressesthemotley-coloredcostumeofthecourtfool,whogetsliterallyandtragicallyfooledbyMontresor'smaskedmotives.

ThecolorschemeshererepresenttheironyofFortunato'sdeathsentence.

Throughtheacts,words,andthoughtsof  Fortunato,weknowHeisgreedy,hewasluredintothedarkandsombervaultsjustbecauseacaskofAmontillado.

Thisisalsoduetohisbadhabitofbibulosity（酗酒）.Helosthimselfonhearingthewine.

Atthesametime,hewascheatedbyhisenemy,whichreflectedhisignorance.

WhenheheardthepretendedcomplimentfromMontresor,hebecameveryboastfulandarrogant.

Hewaseasilyconfusedbythesuperficialphenomenaandfailedtowatchoutforothers.Hecouldn’ttoleratethatotherswerestrongerthanhim.

Forexample,MontresoralwaysstimulatedhimwithLuchresiwhowasgoodatconnoisseur（鉴赏）inwine.

Undertheimpulseofvanity,hefellintoMontresor’sterribletrap.

Infact,hewascarelessandfoolishanddidn’tfindthatthedangerwasapproachinghim.

HelookeddownuponMontresorandothers.

Hedidn’trealizehisfoolishnessuntilthedeathwascoming.

Talkingfromtheappearance,Monstresorwasawell-educatedand“kind”businessman.

Heenjoyedthehonorandrespectinthecity.Butinfact,hewasanevilandawfulperson.

Hisinnerfeelingsweresocruelthattheyevenmadepeopletremble.

Underhisrichappearancewasthedirtysoulanddespicablecharacter.

Wecouldn’tseeanygloriousvirtuesinhismind.Instead,hisheartwascoldanddark.

ItwastherevengethatthrewMontresorintothedeepevilvalley.

unit4NathanielHawthorne

1.WhyistheprisonthesettingofChapter1?

Nomatterhowoptimisticthefoundersofnewcoloniesmaybe,theyarequicktoestablishaprisonandacemeteryintheir“Utopia,”fortheyknowthatmisbehavior,evil,anddeathareunavoidable.

ThisbelieffitsintothelargerPuritandoctrine,whichputsheavyemphasisontheideaoforiginalsin—thenotionthatallpeoplearebornsinnersbecauseoftheinitialtransgressionsofAdamandEveintheGardenofEden.heisthereforeusingtheprisonbuildingtorepresentthecrimeandthepunishmentwhichareaspectofcivilizedlife

Whatistheimplicationofthedescriptionoftheroses?

Therosebushsymbolizestheabilityofnaturetoendureandoutlastman'sactivities.

ThenarratorsuggeststhatrosesofferareminderofNature'skindnesstothecondemned;forhistale,hesays,itwillprovideeithera“sweetmoralblossom”orelsesomereliefinthefaceofunrelentingsorrowandgloom.

2.DescribetheappearanceofHesterPrynneandtheattitudeofthepeopletowardsher.

Thesecondparagraphonpage30.

Thecrowdinfrontofthejailisamixtureofmenandwomen,allmaintainingseverelooksofdisapproval.

SeveralofthewomenbegintodiscussHesterPrynne,andtheysoonvowthatHesterwouldnothavereceivedsuchalightsentenceforhercrimeiftheyhadbeenthejudges.

Onewoman,theugliestofthegroup,goessofarastoadvocatedeathforHester.

3.WhathashappenedtoHester?

Asayoungwoman,Hestermarriedanelderlyscholar,Chillingworth,whosentheraheadtoAmericatolive.

Whilewaitingforhim,shehadanaffairwithaPuritanministernamedDimmesdale,afterwhichshegavebirthtoPearl.

Thescarletletterisherpunishmentforhersinandhersecrecy.

WhydoesshemaketheembroideryoftheletterAsoelaborate?

Itseemstodeclarethatsheisproud,ratherthanashamed,ofhersin.

Inreality,however,Hestersimplyacceptsthe“sin”anditssymbolaspartofherself,justassheacceptsherchild.

Andalthoughshecanhardlybelieveherpresent“realities,”shetakesthemastheyareratherthanresistingthemortryingtoatoneforthem.

Howdoesthistellusabouthercharacter?

ThroughoutTheScarletLetterHesterisportrayedasanintelligent,capable.Itistheextraordinarycircumstancesshapingherthatmakehersuchanimportantfigure.

Unit5HermanMelville

1.WhatarethestoriesIsmaeltellsaboutMobyDick?

IshmaelcomparesthelegendofMobyDicktohisexperienceofthewhale.

Henotesthatspermwhaleattackshaveincreasedrecentlyandthatsuperstitioussailorshavecometoregardtheseattacksashavinganintelligent,evensupernaturalorigin.

Inparticular,wildrumorsaboutMobyDickcirculateamongwhalemen,suggestingthathecanbeinmorethanoneplaceatthesametimeandthatheisimmortal.Ishmaelremarksthateventhewildestofrumorsusuallycontainssometruth.

Whales,forinstance,havebeenknowntotravelwithremarkablespeedfromtheAtlantictothePacific;thus,itispossibleforawhaletobecaughtinthePacificwiththeharpoonsofaGreenlandshipinit.

MobyDick,whohasdefiedcapturenumeroustimes,exhibitsan“intelligentmalignity”（狠毒）inhisattacksonmen

2.WhydoesAhabreactsoviolentlyagainstthewhitewhale?

First,helostoneofhislegsbecauseofthewhitewhale.

Second,HeconsidersMobyDicktheembodimentofevilintheworld,andhepursuestheWhiteWhale，becausehebelievesithisinescapablefatetodestroythisevil.

IshmaelsuggeststhatAhabis“crazy”andcallhim“aravinglunatic.”Doyouagreewithhim?

Whyorwhynot?

IshmaeldescribesAhabasmadinhisnarration,anditdoesindeedseemmadtotrytofighttheforcesofnatureorGod.

3.Whatnarrativefeaturescanyoufindintheselectedchapter?

Intheselectedcharpter,MelvilleemployedthetechniqueofmultipleviewofhisnarrativetoportrayMobyDicktoachievetheeffectofambiguityandletreadersjudgethemeaning.

Unit6HenryDavidThoreau

1.WhereindeeddidThoreaulive,bothataphysicallevelandataspirituallevel?

HelivedinacabinonWaldenPond,whichbelongedtoEmerson’sproperty.

2.HadThoreaueverboughtafarm?

Whydidheenjoytheactofbuying?

No,hehadn’t.

Heavoidedpurchasingafarmbecauseitwouldinevitablytiehimdownfinanciallyandcomplicatehislife.

Thoreaudidn’tseetheacquisitionofwealthasthegoalforhumanexistence,hesawthegoaloflifetobeanexplorationofthemindandofthemagnificentworldaroundus.

Heregardedtheplacesasanexistencefreeofobligationsandfullofleisure.

3.IsitsignificantthatThoreaumentionedtheFourthofJulyasthedayonwhichhebegantostayinthewoods?

Why?

Yes,itis.

BecauseTheFourthofJulyisknownasIndependenceDay,thebirthdayottheUnitedStates.

HereThoreauusesthedaytoexpresshisbeginningof  regenerationatWalden.

Italsomeansasymbolofhisconquestofbeing.

4.HowcouldyouanswerthequestionThoreauaskedattheendofthisselection?

Unit719thCenturyAmericanPoets

1.HenryWadsworthLongfellow

（1）IShotanArrow…

1.Whydidthespeakerlosesightofhisarrowandsong?

Thearrowfliestooswiftlyandtoofarawaytobeseenbythespeaker;whereasthesongisnaturallyinvisible.

2.Inwhatcircumstancesdidhefindthemagain?

Hefindsthemunexpectedlyyearslaterfromthetrunkofatreeandtheheartofafriend.

3.Whatdoarrowandsongstandforinthispoem?

Theimagesofarrowandsongheremaystandforfriendship.

（2）APsalmofLife

1.Whatkindofpersonisthespeakerofthispoem?

Thespeakerisamanofaction,alwaysoptimisticandcheerful,tryingtoachieveasmuchaspossibleintheshortspanoflife.

2.Accordingtothepoem,howshouldourlivesbeledtoovercomethefactthateachdaybringsusnearertodeath?

Weshouldworkharderandlivehappier.

3.Interpretthemetaphorof"Footprintsonthesandoftime"（line28）.

Themetaphorreferstohumandeedsinreallife.

2.WaltWhitman

（1）One'sSelfISing

1.Whatisthesignificanceofsingingaboutone'sself?

Itisanexaltationoftheindividualspirit,which