轮机英语.docx
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轮机英语.docx
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轮机英语
第一章口述
1Theengineroom
(1)Positionoftheengineroomonboard
(2)Typeofmarinemachineryintheengineroom
(3)Featureofmarinemachineryintheengineroom
Theengineroomistheheartofaship.Itisgenerallylocatedatthesternandbelowdeck.
Intheengineroom,therearealotofmachineryandsystems,suchasthemainengine,thegeneratorengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,oilpurifier,oil-waterseparator,ventilationsystem,pollutionpreventionsystemsandtheairconditioningsystem.
Themainenginealsocalledthemainpropulsionequipment,isthelargestandmostimportantone,themodernimprovementofcontrolsystemsresultsinmachineryspaceunattendedforlongperiods.ThatisUMS
2Theenginedepartment
(1)Introductionoftheimportanceoftheenginedepartmentonboard
(2)Introductionofpersonneloftheenginedepartment
(3)Descriptionofworkintheengingdepartment
Theengineroomisalwaysregardedastheheartoftheship.Itsupplythepropulsionpowerfordrivingtheship.
Therearefourengineers,Chiefengineer,secondengineer,thirdengineer,andfourthengineer.Fourmotormenand2cadetsintheenginedepartmentonboardmyship.
Wekeepwatchanddosomemaintenanceandrepairworktokeepthemachinaryingoodorder.Weareworkinghardtokeeptheengineroomtidyandclean,suchassweepingthefloor,removetheoilspilled,paintingpipesandvalveswithspecialcolorandsoon.
3Self-introduction
(1)Youreducationbackground
(2)Yourworkingexperience
(3)Yourfamily
Mynameis**,Iwasbornin1988.IgraduatedfromYantaiUniversityin2010(withabachelor’sdegree)inmarineengineering.
Ihavebeenworkingonboardasafourthengineerforabout1year.
Iamnotmarriednow.thereare3membersinmyfamily,myparentsandI,Ilovethemverymuch.Ihavegreatinterestinyourcompany.Hopeyoucangivemeachance.Thankyouverymuch.
4Yourdailyworkonboard
(1)Yourpositiononboard
(2)Yourdutiesduringwatchkeeping
(3)Yourexperience
Iamaforthengineeronboard.
Asaengineeronboard,DuringmywatchperiodIshallensurethatthemainpropulsionplant,auxiliarymachineryandsteeringgearareingoodorder.Ishouldmakesometourinspectionoftheengineroomandputdownallthefiguresintotheengineroomlogbook.Ihavetokeepeverythinginorder.Duringthewatch,thebridgeordersmustbepromptlycarriedout.Anyabnormalparametersinrelationtotheequipmentshouldbepaidattention.
Ihavebeenworkonboardshipfor2years.Ilovemyjobonboard.Ihavealotoffreetimeforreading.
5Watch-keepingintheengineroom
(1)Theengineerondutyworksfor4hourseachwatch
(2)Hehastokeepeverythingingoodorder
(3)Heisgoingtohandovertheshift
Whenashipisatsea,eachengineershouldkeepduty-watchfor4hourstwiceperday.Duringhisdutywatch,theengineermakessometourinspectionoftheengineroomandputdownallthefiguresintotheengineroomlogbook.Hehastokeepeverythinginorder.Thebridgeordersmustbepromptlycarriedout.Whenhiswatchisfinished,heshouldtellthereliefengineertotheengineroombeforehandingoverthewatch.
6couldyouintroduceyourself.(同3)
(1)what’syourname?
(2)wheredidyougraduate?
(3)whateducationdegreedoyouhavenow?
Mynameis**,Iwasbornin1990.
IgraduatedfromYantaiUniversityin2010(withabachelor’sdegree)inmarineengineering.
Ihaveabachelor’sdegreeinmarineengineering.Ihavegreatinterestinyourcompany.Hopeyoucangivemeachance.Thankyouverymuch.
第二章口述
1. Pleasedescribethedifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengine.(fig.2-1andfig.2-2)
Themaindifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengineinclude:
1)thecombustionmediumofadieselengineisdieseloilorfueloil,whilethatforagasolineengineisgasoil.
2)thedieselengineisignitedthroughcompressionofhot,highpressureoil/airmixture,butthegasolineengineisignitedbyelectricalsparkplug.
3)fordieselengine,theairandoilismixedinsidethecylinder,whileforgasolineengine,theyaremixedoutsidethecylinder.
2.XiaoWangisacadet[]oftheenginedepartment,whojustgraduatedfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdoyouintroducealltheengineroomtohim?
First,Iwilltellthecadettheimportanceoftheengineroom.Second,Ishouldintroducethevariousmachineryandsystemsintheengineroom,suchasthemainengine,thegeneratorengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,andtheairconditioningsystem.Third,Iwillshowhimhowtooperatethevariousequipmentanddevicessafely,andintroducesafetyknowledgeasmuchasIcan.
3.XiaoZhangisathree-yearstudentmajoringinmarineengineeringfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdointroducetheequipmentandmachineryintheengineroomtohim?
(1)Formostcargoship,engineroomliesintheaftpartofship,itisbelowdeck.
(2)Therearemanykindsofmachineryintheengine,suchasmainengine,alternator,boiler,purifier,clarifier,oilwaterseparator,differentkindsofpumps,freshwatergeneratorandaircompressorandsoon.
(3)Themainengineisthemostimportantofalltheequipment.Itisusuallyatwostrokelowspeeddieselengine.Theprimemoversofgeneratorsareusuallyfour-stroketrunkpistonengines.Thesteamonboardisproducedbytheboiler.Therearetwo(distinct)typesofmarineboilers,thefiretubeboilerandthewater-tubeboiler.
4.Lookattheillustration[]andsaysomethingaboutthedisposaloftheshaftinganddieselengine.(seefig.2-3)
Thepowerofthedieselengineistransmittedtothepropellerthroughthetransmissionsystem.Theitemsoftransmissionsystemincludevariousshafts,suchasthethrustshaft,oneormoreintermediateshaftsandtailshaft.Theseshaftsaresupportedbythethrustblock[推力轴承],intermediatebearingsandthesterntubebearing.Thepropellerconsistofaboss[轴套]withseveralblades,.Thethrustistransmittedalongtheshaftingtothethrustblockandfinallytoshipstructure.
5.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingabouttheprobability(概率)ofdisposalofmedium-speedandhigh-speeddieselengine.(seefig.2-4)
Whentheshipissailingatfullspeed,itneedsfourenginesrunning.Whentheshipissailingathalfspeed,itrequirestwoenginesrunning.Whiletheshipisoperatingatabout30%offullspeed,oneengineisenoughtomeetitspowerrequirement.Thatis,theshipcanbeoperatedwithsingleengine,doubleengines,orfourenginesaccordingtheloadcondition.Generally,whentheshipissailingatseaspeed,ithasfourenginesrunning,whileitapproachesthewharf,ithastwo.
6.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutstructureofthemainengine.
(seefig.2-5)
Thestructureofthemainengineisasfollows:
theconstructionmainlyincludebedplate,frame,cylinders,pistons,connectingrod,mainbearingandcrankshaft.Thecrankshaftrestsinmainbearingsbuiltintocrossgirders(横梁)ofthebedplate.OnthetopofAframesthereisascavengingairbox.Thebedplate,framesandcylinderblocksaresecured(固定)togetherbylongtie-rods(横拉杆).Apistonconsistsofalowerpartcalledpistonskirtandanupperpartcalledpistoncrown.
7.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutstress(应力)statusofthemovingparts.(seefig.2-6)
Themovingpartsshownintheillustrationmainlyincludethepiston,theconnectingrod,andthecrankshaft.Theseareallcriticalpartsoftheengine.Accordingtothespecific(特殊的)conditionshowninthepicture,thepistonisundercompressionforce,theconnectingrodisundertensionstressandcompressionforce,whilethecrankshaftisunderthetorsion(扭转)forces.
8.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingthetypeofpistonheadshapeindieselengine.(seefig.2-7)
Pistonscanbedividedintotwomainclasses:
thecrossheadtypepistonsandthetrunktypepistons.Thetopsurfaceofthecrossheadpistoncanbeflat,sunken(凹陷的)orconvex(凸出).Thepistonshownintheillustrationisthecrossheadtypepistonwithasunkensurface.Ithastheadvantageofincreasingtheairturbulence(扰动)andimprovingtheoil/airmixingquality.Itsdisadvantageisthatthecylindervolumetricclearancewillbelarger.
9.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingthetypeofpistonring.(seefig.2-8)
Thepistonringsshownintheillustrationhastheshapeofrectangle(矩形)ortrapezoid([]梯形).Someofthemareroundedontheexternaltoporbottomedges.Amongthesepistonrings,theNo.1andNo.2aresealingrings,No.3andNo.4arescraperrings,whiletheNo.5isadistributorring.Generally,eachpistonisprovidedwithfiveorsixpistonrings.
10.Pleasedescribethelubricatingmodeofmainengine.
Largemarinedieselenginesofcrossheadconstructiongenerallyhavetwosystemsoflubrication:
atotallylosssystemfeedingthecylindersandacirculatingsystemlubricatingtherunninggearandcoolingthepistons.Oilissuppliedtothecylinderlinerwallandpistonringsbymeansofmechanicallubricators.Thelubeoiltothevariousmovingpartsenabletheformationofanoilfilm(油膜)whichreducesfrictionandwear.
11.Talkabouttheworkingprincipleofpurifieraccordingtothepicturegiven.(seefig.2-9)
Theremovalofimpurities(杂质)andwaterfromfueloilandluboilisveryimportantforthegoodworkingconditionsoftheengine.Thisisachievedbythecentrifugalpurifier.Whenthefuelispumpedintoanoperatingcentrifugethecentrifugalforcegeneratedcausestheheavierfractions(部分)suchassludgeandwatertobeforcedalongtheundersideofthediscstotheouterperiphery([
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