本科毕业设计a study on the translation of proverb from chinese to english英语专业.docx
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本科毕业设计a study on the translation of proverb from chinese to english英语专业.docx
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本科毕业设计astudyonthetranslationofproverbfromchinesetoenglish英语专业
AStudyontheTranslationofProverbfromChinesetoEnglish
IIntroduction
Proverb,ashortwell-knownsayingthatstatesageneraltruthorgives
advice,isanindispensablepartofacountry'sculture.Inparticular,ChineseProverbischaracterizedbyconcisenessandprinciple.Itsmostbrieflanguageandformexpressmostvividandrichestidea.ThereforemoreandmoretranslatorsareengagedinthetranslationofChineseProverb.However,theprofoundphilosophicalbackgroundandculturaltraditionofChineseandEnglishresultinthedifferenceinthemodeofthoughtwhichleadtomanyobstaclesintheprocessoftranslating.
InordertoimprovetheaccuracyoftranslationofChineseProverb,thispapertriestogasptheinternalregulationsandrelationsbetweenChineseandEnglishandgetridoftheinfluencecausedbywayofthinkingaswellascustom,whichisonthebasisofdifferentphilosophicalbackgroundandculturaltraditionthispapermainlyincludestwoparts:
thefirstpartshowsthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishinculturalbackground;thesecondparttellsthedifferentwaysofthinkingbetweenChineseandEnglish.FinallyitconcludesthatweshouldbeclearaboutthedifferenceinthetranslationofChineseProverb.
IITheDifferencebetweenChineseandEnglish
1.TheDifferenceBetweenChineseandEnglishinCulturalBackground
A.Chineseinlunarcalendar;Englishinsolarcalendar
ThelonghistoryofChinahasgonewithextensiveandprofoundculture.InChinese-Englishtranslation,ifyouwanttouseproverbs,itisnecessarytolettheforeignersknowtherealChinesecustomsandsomethingwhichtheydidnotknow,sotranslatorsmustkeeptheChinesetraditionsandfeatures:
Therearefifty-sixnationsinChina;thediversityofsayingsofcoursecan’tbecounted.
SomeChinesewhoareindifferentareasevendonotknowthemeaningofotherpeoples,letaloneforeignersknowitwell,thepurposeofagoodtranslatoristomakehisworksknowntoall.Butitisunwisetolosetherealstyleofthecomposition,andtheconnotation,background,customsmustbeconcludedinit.Chinaisanagriculturecountry,thereisnodoubtthatmostofthemliveonagriculture,andplananddoeverythingaccordingtothedifferentseasonsinlunarcalendar,suchasvernalequinox,autumnalequinox,grainfull.Definitelythepeoplelivingonagricultureprefertolunarcalendar,theirfaithsbelongtowhatlunarcalendarrefersto,somostimportantthingsincludingfestivalsarearrangedonlunarcalendar:
Qingmingfestival(3rdMarch),Duanwufestival(5thMay),Zhongqiufestival(15thAugust)andsoon,andpeoplepaymoreattentiontheirowntraditionalfestivals.Forexample,theyareceremoniousonSpringfestivalEvewhichcomesonthelastdayofalunaryear.Usuallythewholefamilyshoulduniteandgatherathome.ItissaidthatabeggarmusthaveadenonNewYear,Theday(lunarcalendar)on13JulyiscalledYueBan,tisGhost'sDay.Theymustsendmoneymadebyspecialpapertothepeoplewhohavebeendead,expectingtheirforefatherstoblesssendershappilyandsafely.Inaddition,differentpeopleshavedifferentfestivals,suchasMiaopeople'slushengFestival,Yipeople'sporchfestival,Daipeople'swater-pouringfestival,andShuipeople'swater-pouringfestivalismoreceremoniousthantheotherfestival.Andcomparedwiththefestivalsintheforeigncountries,Valentine’sDay,Easter,ThanksgivingDay,ChristmasDayandotherforeignfestivals,inChinatherearealsosometraditionalfestivalssimilartothoseabroad.Forexample,itisChineseValentine’sDayonJuly(lunarcalendar),thatmustbedistinguishedfromValentine’sDayabroad(happylovebetweenyoungmen)andtheromanticbutsorrowinglovestoryfromNiunangandZhinushouldbeaddedinyourtranslationtomakethereadersknowwhatyoustate.Theexplanationisalsonecessarytoattractthereaders.
B.TheNationalherosinChina;TheRespectedIconsinEngland
Thedifferentbackgroundandthedifferentcustomsneedthetranslatorstoabideintranslation.TheChinesesayingssometimeshavetheprofoundphilosophicalbackgroundandculturaltradition,ItalmostcomesfromChineseobjectsandallusionwhicharefamiliarandwell-known.YUHUANGDADIisdeeplybelievedasthehighestrankamongjossinChinese.ItmustbeconnectedwithEnglishGODwhiletranslating.Severalexamplesareprovedbelow.
"三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮","thewisdomofthemassesexceedsthatofthewisestindividual".Thereisonneedtochange"thewisestindividual"into"ZHUGELIANG",becauseforeignersdonotwhoZHUGELIANGis,heactuallyisawiseman.SowetranslateZHUGELIANGas"thewisdomofindividual”.
"不到黄河心不死","Untilallisoverambitionneverdies",thereisno"yellowriver"abroad.
"情人眼里出西施","Loveisblind.""XISHI"isaperfectbeautyinancientZhongguoinChina,butsheisunknownbyforeigners.
Chinesecultureisalwaysprofundandcopious.Itisthesameasthewaterinthesea.AsaChinesetranslatormustmakeforeignersadoreandthenfollowit,whichistomakeatranslatorsuccessful.
C.Complex,SplendidinChinese;Simple,ClearinEnglish.
Fromthefurtherancienttopresent,alonghistoryofChinahaspassedcenturiesaftercenturies,asarealcivilizedcountry,somewordsusedbyChinesearemarvelousandpithy.Itneedssometransformation,becauseitisdifficulttoexplain.hisformerstylemustbekeptintheworksandmentionedaboutthesameastheEnglishsalience.Someexamplesareasfollows.
"秀才不出门,全知天下事""WithoutsteppingoutsideIrisgate,thescholarknowsallthewideworld'saffairs.Reckonisrigorous"."秀才"isnotasthesamegradeas"thescholar"tomakeforeignersknowwhatis"秀才",onlycanatranslatordoistochooseasimple,clearword-scholarinsteadof"秀才".
"爱屋及乌""loveme,lovemydog."
"对牛弹琴""tocastpearlstotheswine."
“黄梁美梦”,Someforeignersdon’tknowwhat“黄粱美梦”is,whileatranslatorknowwhat“黄粱美梦”meaninChinese.Thetranslatormayexpressthemeaningof“黄粱美梦”withsimpleEnglishwordswhentranslating----Fool’sparadise."醉翁之意""manykissababyforthenurse'ssake",thereisnoneedforusto
introducewhat"醉翁"refersto.
Thisisaprettywaytoavoidsomeunnecessarydifficulties.
D.ChineseHastheDictums,EnglishHastheAphorisms
SomefolkChineseexpressionscannotarriveatthehallbecauseitisvulgar.Butitiswidelyusedalmosteverywhere.
"狗改不了吃屎"isapureandsimpleexpressioninChinesewhichisneutral,anditisrudetosayitinpublic.Itmustbeturnedto"江山易改,本性难移""Youcanscareadogawayfromagreasyhide".
"杀鸡取卵""Killthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggs",thatisfigurativeandsuchfoolishbehaviorcannotbeseenatall.Noonedidthesuperfluousaffairs.
Plentyoffolklanguagesaredefinitelyverycomplicatedandneedcoppingwith.Lookatfollowingtheexamples.
Itisverydifficulttotranslate"龙生龙,凤生凤,耗子的娃儿打地洞"intoEnglish,andwecanuse"likefather,likeson"insteadofit.
"人有失手,马有失蹄"meansnoonecanavoidmakingmistakes,wecanturnitlikethis"Ahorsestumblesthathasfourlegs".
"雷声大,雨点小""Greatcryandlittlewool".
"又要马儿好,又要马儿不吃草""Youcannoteatyourcakeandhaveit.
"一分耕耘,一分收获""Nopains,nogains".
Fromtheexampleabove,itisnotdifficulttoseethattranslatinga
sentencemustattachimportancetoitsimplicatedmeaningsoastogetthe
effectofpromotingthetranslation.
II.TheDifferentWaysofThinkingBetweenChineseandEnglish
Differentwaysofthinkingareanotherobstacleintranslationasfollows:
a.Chineseemphasizesimagethinking;Englishhighlightsabstractthanking
Chineseattachesimportancetothinkinginimages,andareapttousetheconcretethingstoexpressabstractconcepts,whichgivesusakindofobviouslyvividanddirectfeelingwhileEnglishdoeswellinapplyingabstractconceptstoexpressconcretethingsthatgiveusakindoffabricate,extensive.indirectandconcealimpression.Thereforeitisabsolutelytomasterthecharacteristicsandorganizinglawsandseeclearlythedifferentstylesofthoughtimplicatedinthestructuresofthetwolanguageswhentranslating.ItisessentialtocarryonsomenecessarystructuretransformationandenhancethecomprehensionandharmonywiththephilosophicalbackgroundinthethinkingsystemsbetweenChineseandEnglish,inordertoimprovethetranslators'abilityofthinkinginimages.Thereareseveralexamples,asfollows.
"种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆"whynot"种树得树"?
Sowecantranslateitbysaying"Asyousow,youwillreap"tofittheappetiteforthedishes.
"不吃黄连苦,怎知蜂蜜甜""Whohasnevertastedbitterknowsnotwhatissweet."
"同行是冤家"Twooftradedidneveragree".
"不做亏心事,不怕鬼敲门"Agoodconscienceisasoftpillow"."Onemaystealahorse,whileanothermaynotlookoverthehedge".
"新官上任三把火""Newbroomssweepclean".
Fromthoseinstances,weareabletodetectthatChinesetendtouseimagerythingsorconcreteexamplestouncoveratruth.WhileEnglishlaystressonthedirectexpressionofaabstracttruth.WehavetomaketheconcretewordsabstractinordertoconformtothethinkingcharacterofEnglish.Usuallyspeaking,weuseabundantnounsandpreparationtomakethetranslatedtextsaccordwiththeEnglishexpressivehabitsinthewayofwordstransferringaddingandreplacing.
b.ChineseincurvilinearThinking;EnglishinrectilinearThinking.
Generallyspeaking,theChineseculturehasgotsuspensewhilethekeypointsaredirectlyandobviouslyatthebeginningofthesentence.
IntheEnglishculture,thetopicsentenceisputfirstlyandthentheideaaredevelopedtheideastepbystep.SowemustobeytheEnglishculturewhentranslatingForexample,i
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