三大从句及反义疑问句及其问题详解.docx
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三大从句及反义疑问句及其问题详解.docx
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三大从句及反义疑问句及其问题详解
宾语从句语法讲解
一、宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型:
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
如:
Weknew〔that〕weshouldlearnfromeachother.
2.由if/whether引导的宾语从句。
如:
Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.
3.由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
如:
CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice?
二、三要素
1.引导词
如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that〔that在口语或非正式文体中常省略〕;如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。
2.语序
①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。
如:
Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid〔that〕hewasanhonestboy.
②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。
如:
Doesheworkhard?
Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.
Whendidheleave?
Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.
3.时态
①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
如:
Ihaveheard〔that〕hewillebacknextweek.
②如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。
如:
Hesaid〔that〕therewerenoclassesyesterday.
注意:
如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。
如:
Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.
三、人称的变化和标点的使用
1.从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句如此与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,如此与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。
如:
“MayIuseyourknife?
〞Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.
“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?
〞Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.
2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。
主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问
号。
如:
Whowillgiveusatalk?
Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.
Doyouknow?
Wheredoeshelive?
→Doyouknowwherehelives?
四、if和when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。
因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们终究属于哪一类从句。
如:
Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’te.〔时间状语从句〕Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.〔宾语从句〕
五、从句的简化
1.当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补〞结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。
如:
Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.
2.当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语一样时,从句可简化为不定式结构。
如:
Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.
3.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式〞结构。
如:
CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?
→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?
宾语从句专项练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.
Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.
2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.
Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.
3.Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.
Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.
4.CantheyspeakFrench?
Iwanttoknow.
Iwanttoknow___________________________French.
5.Arethechildrenplayinggames?
Tellme.
Tellme______thechildren____________games.
6.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang____________________homeworkyet.
7.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?
Whoknows?
Whoknows_______________________________inthepicture?
8.Wheredidsheparkhercar?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknow______________hercar?
9.Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?
Thegirlwondered.
Thegirlwondered__________often________about.
10.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?
Idon’tknow.
Idon’tknow___________atthedoorsoloudly.
11.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?
Idon'tknow.
Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.
12.What'shisname?
Iaskedhim.
Iaskedhimwhat_______________.
13.Whendoesthetrainarrive?
Pleasetellme.
Pleasetellme__________________________________.
14.Dotheywantfriedchicken?
Heaskedtheboys.
Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.
15.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?
Idon'tknow.
Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.
二、选择填空。
()1.WhatdidMikesay?
Hesaid____________________.
A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasit
C.theweatherisfineD.summeresafterspring
()2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.
A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoon
C.whendidheebackD.nottobesoangry
()3.Letmetellyou__________________.
A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcost
C.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar
()4.Peterknew_______________.
A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebook
B.whytheboyhadsomanyquestions
C.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis
()5.Couldyoutellme___________?
A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor
C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein
()6.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.
A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft
()7.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.
A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen
()8.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.
A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot
()9.Themanagercameuptosee__________.
A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.what'sthematter
()10.Heaskedhisfather_______.
A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen
()11.Noonetellsus______,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit
()12.Couldyoupleaseteachme_______theputer.
A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking
()13.Theydon'tknow_______theirparentsare.
AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich
()14.─Wheredoyouthink______he_____theTVset?
─Sorry,I'venoidea.
A./,boughtB.has,boughtC.did,buyD.didbought
()15.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantell_____itwouldbelikein_____fiveyears.
A.how,anotherB.what,moreC.how,otherD.what,another
()16.─Couldyoutellme______?
─Yes.He____totheUSA.
A.whereishe/hasbeenB.whereheis/hasgone
C.wherewashe/hasbeenD.wherehewas/hasgone
()17.─Mikewantstoknowif____apiictomorrow.
─Yes.Butifit_______,we'llvisitthemuseuminstead.
A.youhave/willrainB.youwillhave/willrainC.youwillhave/rainsD.willyouhave/rains
()18.Ireallydon'tknowifshe_______itwhenshe________.
A.finds/arrivesB.finds/willarriveC.willfind/willarriveD.willfind/arrives
()19.MissLiusaid______shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster〞sdesk.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what
()20.Heaskedme_______.
A.whowillkickthefirstgoalintheWorldCup
B.whenwastheAPECmeetingheld
C.whenChinabecameamemberoftheWTO
D.wherethe2008Olympicswillbeheld
()21.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper______WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.if
()22.Youmustremember_______.
A.whatyourteachersaidB.whatdidyourteachersay
C.yourteachersaidwhatD.whathasyourteachersaid
()23.Idon〞tknow______.
A.whichroomIcanliveB.whichroomcanIlive
C.whichroomIcanliveinD.whichroomcanIlivein
()24.--Doyouknowwhenhe______back?
--Sorry,Idon〞t.Whenhe_______back,I〞lltellyou.
A.es;esB.es;wille
C.wille;esD.wille;wille
()25Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake
()26Marysaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
()27Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___aPEclasstoday.
A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are
()28.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
()29.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
()30.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?
A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow
三、用适宜的连接词填空。
1.Jimtoldme____hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.〔how,why〕
2.Doyouknow______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?
〔who,whom〕
3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.〔that,if〕
4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.〔how,who〕
5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.〔howlong,howsoon〕
6.Theydon'tknow_______togoorwait.(if,whether)
7.Wearetalkingabout______we’llgobacktomorrow.(whether,if)
8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.(where,what)
9.Idon'tknow____somanypeoplearelookingathim.(how,why)
10.Doyouknow______youarestudyingfor?
(why,what)
四、句型转换。
1.“Doyouwanttotryit?
〞Tom'smotheraskedhim.(同义句)→
Tom'smotheraskedhim____________________totryit.
2.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.〔改为否认句〕→
I_______________this________agoodidea.
3.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.〔改为复合句〕→
Lucyhasn'tdecided________________________________buy.
4.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.〔改为简单句〕→
Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital.
5.Idon’tsupposetheywille,_____________?
(改为反意疑问句)
五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.Wearesurethathe________(go)toschooltomorrow.
2.Doyouknowwho______(be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?
3.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice______(is)?
4.Ourfathersaidthathe_______(will)buyanewputer.
5.Ihearthathe_______(swim)intheseayesterday.
6.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather_______(work).
7.Hesaidthathe_________(finish)hisworkalready.
8.Theythoughttheycould_______(hike)tothetopofthemountain.
9.Hewasgladthatsomanypeople_____(help)him.
10.Shedoesn’tknowwhether________(go)orwait.
状语从句讲解和练习
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。
例如:
1.Naturally,ourgrandparentswerepleasedtogetourphonecall.(副词)
2.Weworkedhard,fromsunrisetosunset.(介词状短语)
3.Tohelpmydisabledaunt,Ispendanhourworkinginherhouseeveryday.(不定式)
4.Seenfromadistance,thefarmhouselookeddeserted.(过去分词)
5.Ikn
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