湖北省石首市高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解编练4.docx
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湖北省石首市高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解编练4.docx
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湖北省石首市高考英语一轮复习阅读理解编练4
湖北石首市2020高考英语一轮阅读理解编练
2020高考英语阅读理解集训。
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项。
Tworecentstudieshavefoundthatpunishmentisnotthebestwaytoinfluencebehavior.
Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards.ResearchersatHarvardUniversityintheUnitedStatesandtheStockholmSchoolofEconomicsinSwedendidthestudy.
TheyhadabouttwohundredcollegestudentsplayaversionofthegameknownasthePrisoner’sDilemma.Thegameisbasedonthetension(紧张气氛)betweentheinterests(利益)ofanindividualandagroup.Thestudentsplayedingroupsoffour.Eachplayercouldwinpointsforthegroup,sotheywouldallgainequally.Buteachplayercouldalsorewardorpunisheachoftheotherthreeplayers,atacosttothepunisher.
HarvardresearcherDavidRandsaysthemostsuccessfulbehaviorprovedtobecooperation.Thegroupsthatrewardeditthemostearnedabouttwiceasmuchinthegameasthegroupsthatrewardedittheleast.Andthemoreagrouppunisheditself,theloweritsearningswere.Thegroupwiththemostpunishmentearnedtwenty-fivepercentlessthanthegroupwiththeleastpunishment.ThestudyappearedlastmonthinthejournalScience.
Theotherstudyinvolvedchildren.ItwaspresentedlastmonthinCaliforniaataconferenceonviolenceandabuse.Researchersusedintelligencetestsgiventotwogroups.Morethaneighthundredchildrenagedtwotofourthefirsttimetheyweretested.Morethansevenhundredchildrenagedfivetonine.
Thetwogroupswereretestedfouryearslater,andthestudycomparedtheresultswiththefirsttest.Bothgroupscontainedchildrenwhoseparentsusedphysicalpunishmentandchildrenwhoseparentsdidnot.ThestudysaystheIQs--orintelligencequotients--oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere.Intheoldergroup,thedifferencewasalmostthreepoints.
MurrayStraussfromtheUniversityofNewHampshireworkedwithMalliePaschallfromthePacificInstituteforResearchandEvaluation.ProfessorStrausshaswrittenextensivelyaboutphysicalpunishmentofchildren.Hesaysthemoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment.HealsolookedataverageIQsinothernationsandfoundthemlowerwherespankingwasmorecommon.
1.Whichcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.Punishment
B.TheBestWaytoInfluenceBehavior.
C.PunishmentorReward:
WhichWorksBetteronBehavior?
D.TwoRecentStudies.
2.Theunderlinedword“spanked”probablymeans______.
A.wonB.punishedC.testedD.praised
3.Accordingtothepassage,theresearchersmayagreethebestwaytoinfluencebehavioris______.
A.rewardinggoodbehavior
B.correctingbadbehavior
C.punishingbadly-behavedchildren
D.praisingwell-behavedchildren
试题分析:
文章主要介绍了两项研究的过程和研究成果。
近期的两项研究显示,惩罚不是影响行为的最好方法。
其中一项研究显示,成年人在一个基于奖励的机制中更具合作性。
另一项研究表明,惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展。
1.选择最佳标题。
A项太片面;文章没有提到最好的方法,排除B;D项不够具体;根据第二段“Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards.”和第六段“oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知,研究表明,奖励能够促进合作,惩罚不利于孩子的心智发展,故选C。
2.猜测词义题。
根据带第六段“whowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知,被父母体罚的孩子,他们的智商比没有受到体罚的孩子的低5分,根据最后一段“Hesaysthemoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment.”可知,孩子受到的惩罚越多,他们的心智发展得越慢,说明划线词是“惩罚”的意思,故选B。
3.推理判断题。
B、D两项文中未提及;根据倒数第二段“oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”和最后一段“themoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment”可知,惩罚不利于孩子的身心发展,排除C;根据第二段“adultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards”和第六段“fivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知,奖励能够促进合作,而惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展,只有A项与奖励有关,故选A。
阅读理解。
Blindimitation(模仿)isself-destruction.Tothosewhodonotrecognizetheiruniqueworth.Imitationappearsattractive:
tothosewhoknowtheirstrenghth.Imitationisunacceptable.
Intheearlystagesofskillorcharacterdevelopment,imitationishelpful.WhenIfirstlearnedtocook,Iusedrecipes(菜谱)andturnedoutsometastydishes.ButsoonIgrewbored.Whyfollowsomeoneelse’swayofcookingwhenIcouldcreatemyown?
Imitatingrolemodelsislikeusingtrainingwheelsonachild’sbicycle;theyhelpyougetgoing,butonceyoufindyourownbalance,youflyfasterandfartherwithoutrelyingonthem.
Indailylife,imitationcanhurtusifwesubconsciously(下意识地)holdpoorrolemodels.If,asachild,youobservedpeoplewhoseliveswerebad,youmayhaveacceptedtheirfearandpainasnormalandgoneontofollowwhattheydid.Ifyoudonotmakestrongchoicesforyourself,youwillgettheresultsoftheweakchoicesofothers.
Inthefieldofentertainment,ourcultureglorifiescelebrities.Thosestarslookgreatonscreen.Butwhentheystepoffscreen,theirpersonallivesmaybedisastrous.Ifyouaregoingtofollowsomeone,focusontheirtalent,nottheirbadcharacterorunacceptablebehaviors.
Blessedisthepersonwillingtoactontheirsunddendesiretocreatesomrthingunique.Thinkofthemovies,books,teachers,andfriendsthathaveaffectedyoumostdeeply.Theytouchedyoubecausetheircreationsweremotivatedbyinspiration,notdesperation.Theworldischangednotbythosewhodowhathasbeendonebrforethem,butbythosewhodowhathasbeendoneinsidethem.Creativepeoplehaveanendlessresourceofideas.Theproblemacreatorfacesisnotrunningoutofmaterial;itiswhattodowiththematerialknockingatthedoorofimagination.
Syudyyourrolemodels,acceptthegiftstheyhavegiven,andleavebehindwhatdoesnotserver.Thenyoucansay,”Istandontheshouldersofmyancestors”tragediesandtory,andknowthattheyarecheeringon.
1.Imitationprovesusefulwhenyou.
A.knowyouareuniqueB.losethebslanceoflife
C.begintolearnsomethingnewD.gettiredofroutinepractice
2.Toavoidthebadresultofimitation,weshould________.
A.forgetdailyfearandpainB.choosetherightexample
C.askothersfordecisionsD.stayawayfromstars
3.Acordingtotheauthor.Theworldmovesonbecauseofthosewhoare.
A.desperatetointruenceotherswiththeirknowledge
B.readytoturntheiroriginalideasintoreality
C.eagertodiscoverwhattheirancestorsdid
D.willingtoacceptothers’ideas
4.Thetroubleacreatorfacesis.
A.thelackofstrongmotivationB.theabsenceofpracticalideas
C.howtosearchformorematerialsD.howtouseimaginationcreatively
5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?
A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofcreatively.
B.Tocriticizethecharactersofrolemodels.
C.Tocompareimitationwithcreation.
D.Toexplainthemeaningofsuccess.
【参考答案】1—5、CBBDA
阅读理解。
●●●
USDefenseSecretaryDonaldRumsfeldislikelytovisitChinaatan“appropriate”timethisyear,aseniorChinesemilitaryofficialsaidonMonday.ColonelTuQiming,directoroftheAmericanandOceaniaAffairsBureauoftheForeignAffairsOfficeattheNationalDefenseMinistry,madetheremarkduringSino-USdefensetalksthisweek.Thisisthefirstever“specialdefensepolicydialogue”betweenthetwodefenseministries,accordingtotheChinesemilitary.
●●●
FRANCESAgricultureMinistryhasconfirmed(证实)thefirstcaseofmadcowdiseasedetectedinagoatlastFriday.Thegoatkilledin2002testedpositiveformadcowdisease.Itisthefirstcaseintheworldofthefataldiseasebeingfoundinananimalotherthanabovine.Thehumanformofmadcowdiseasecausesbrain-wasting,personalitychange,lossofbodyfunction,andendsindeath.TheEuropeanCommissionhasnotadvisedanychangeinfarmingandconsuminggoats,saidtheFrenchMinistryinastatementpublishedlastFriday.
●●●
MOBILEphonesaleshitanewrecordin2020,withsome684millionunitssoldaroundtheworld,theUSresearchinstituteStrategyAnalyticssaidonThursday.Thenumberrepresentsanincreaseof32percentover2020,when571millionunitsweresold.StrategyAnalyticspredictsamoremodestriseof8percentforthisyear,to735million.FinnishcellphoneproviderNokiastayedoutinfrontin2020,withsalesof207.6millionunits,givingitamarketshareof30.4percent.MotorolamovedtoNo2,justaheadoftheSouthKoreancompanySamsung.
●●●
SIXmalepenguins(雄企鹅)ataGermanzooareprovingstubbornlyresistanttofemalesbroughtinfromSwedentomakethemintobreeding(繁殖).Ofthetenmalepenguinsatthezoo,sixhaveformedinto“homosexual”couplesandhaveshownnointerestinthefemales,makingbreedinganimpossibility.SothezooimportedthefourfemalepenguinsfromSwedenlastmonth,fullofhopethatthenewarrivalscould“turn”themales.Butsofar,theboysareremainingstrictlywiththeboys.
1.Howmanycountriesarementionedinthepiecesofnews?
A.Six.B.Five.C.Three.D.Seven.
提示:
文中提到美国、中国、法国、芬兰、韩国、德国、瑞典。
答案:
D
37.Whichwillprobablyreachthesalesof735millionunitsin2020?
A.Nokia.B.Motorola.C.Samsung.D.Cellphones.
提示:
571million,684million,735million均指手机销售总量。
答案:
D
38.Fromthefourthpieceofnewsweknowthat_________.
A.thescientistshaven’tsucceededindoingtheirexperiment
B.thescientistshavesuccessfullygotsixfemalepenguinsintobreeding.
C.theSwedengirlsmadetheboysshowinterestinthem
D.Germanboysdon’tlikeSwedenboys
提示:
从shownointerest和boysstaywithboys可知试验没成功。
答案:
A
39.Whichofthefollowingarethesuitableheadlinesforthepiecesofnews?
A.a.USDefenseSecretaryVisitLikelyb.FranceConfirms“MadGoatCase”
c.MobilePhoneSalesd.MalePenguinsandFemalePenguins
B.a.USDefenseSecretaryVisitLikelyb.FranceConfirms“MadGoatCase”
c.NokiaStaysonTopd.BirdsofaFeather
C.a.Defens
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