状语从句1.docx
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状语从句1.docx
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状语从句1
九-高一讲义(4)状语从句
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
条件状语从句
状语从句让步状语从句
结果状语从句
目的状语从句
方式状语从句
比较状语从句
一.时间状语从句
when,while,as,
immediately,directly,instantly,
themoment,theminute,assoonas
until,till,
since,before,after,once,
everytime,hardly..when,nosooner...than,
1.when的用法
1when可用来引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是延续的,也可以是短暂的。
如:
Whenthefilmended,theywentback.
WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.
2When常用于下列句式:
意为“就在那时”。
如:
wasdoingsomething…when
wasabouttodo…when
wasonthepointofdoingsth...when…
haddone…when
③when可以表“既然”,如:
HowcanIhelpthemtounderstandwhentheywon’tlistentome?
2.while的用法
①while可用来引导时间状语,意为“当……的时候”;引导的动作必须是持续性的,如:
Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.
②while作为并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。
JanewasdressedinbrownwhileMarywasdressedinblue.
3while也可用来引导让步状语,意为“尽管,虽然”;可表示尽管,相当于although
WhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idon’tagreethattheycan’tbesolved.
4趁…的情况赶紧做,否则来不及了
Strikewhiletheironishot.
3.as的用法
①as可用来引导时间状语,意为“一边…一边”;随着
如:
Shesangasshewalkedhomealltheway.(一边…一边)
Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic.
Asshegrewolder,shebecamemorebeautiful.(随着)
②as也可用来引导原因状语从句意为“因为”;如:
Assheisfreetoday,shewouldliketodosomeshopping.
③as还可用来引导让步状语从句(通常用倒装结构)意为“尽管”。
如:
Tiredashewas,herefusedtotakearest.(尽管)
Hardasheworked,hecan’tworkouttheproblem.
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
※连接词when,while,as的用法区别:
when,while,as这三个连词都可表示“当……的时候”,使用时应注意:
1)when可表示一个时间点,也可表示一个时间段。
如:
Whenhecamein,wewerehavingsupper.
Whenwewerehavingsupper,thelightsuddenlywentout.
2)while则只表示一个时间段。
它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。
如:
When/Whilehewaseatinghisbreakfast,heheardthedoorbellring.
WhilehewaswatchingTV,theboyfellasleep.
3)as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行;也可表示“随着……”。
Shesangasshewalkedalong.
Astheelectionapproached,theviolencegotworse.
练习:
用when\while\as填空
1Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,Inoticedapolicecarinfrontofthestore.
2Johnarrived,Iwascookinglunch.
3hegrewolder,Iwascookinglunch.
4IlovedhistoryIwasatschool.
4.themoment,theminute,theinstant,once,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than等也可引导时间状语从句,相当于assoonas的意思。
Icameimmediatelyyoucalledmeup.
ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewmyfatheriscoming.
※注意:
hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than也可以表示“一···就···”这一结构的固定搭配为nosooner\hardly\scarcely所在的主句的谓语动词用过去完成时,而than、when引导的从句的谓语动词用一般过去式。
此外,把nosooner\hardly\scarcely提到句首的时候,应用倒装语序。
如:
Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.
HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.
Wehadnosoonerarrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.
Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.
5.till,until和not…until的用法
1)until/till从句用于肯定句时,主句的动词是延续性动作,意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。
如:
Wewaiteduntil/tillhecame.
2)用于否定句时,主句谓语动词是非延续性动词,意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。
如:
Hewon’tgotobeduntilherfatherreturns.
3)till不可以置于句首,而until可以。
如:
UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.
4)not…until句型中的强调和倒装说法:
ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.
NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.
6.before的用法
①···才;Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.
②不到···就··Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.
③趁···Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.
5还没来得及BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.
△before从句中谓语不用否定式。
重点句型:
①Itwillbe+段时间+before…“还要过多久才……”
Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.
Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.
②Itwas+时间段+before从句(动作已发生)
Itwasthreeweeksbeforehecameback.
③Itwillnotbelongbefore…“不多久就会……”
Itwon’tbelongbeforeshecomesback.
④Itwasnotlongbefore…“不多久就……了”
Itwasn’tlongbeforeheleftthecountry.
7.Since的用法
since从句中的谓语通常是非延续性动词,主句的谓语动词是延续的或者是反复进行的动作。
since从句的时态若是一般过去时,主句中的时态通常是现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。
如:
IhavewrittenhomefourtimessinceIcamehere.
Shehasbeenworkinginthisfactorysincesheleftschool.
特殊句型:
Itis+一段时间+since+从句,since引导的的从句的谓语动词若是延续性动词,常理解为某一状态的终止。
若瞬时性动词,则理解为某一动作的开始。
如:
Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinthearmy.
他(不在军队)退役已经三年了。
Itisthreeyearssinceshejoinedthearmy.
他参军已经三年了。
ItisthreeyearssinceIsmokedacigar.
ItisthreeyearssinceIbegantosmoke.
8.everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thelasttime,anytime等名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句。
Every\eachtimeIwasintouble,hewouldcometohelpmeout.
每次···的时候,
Nexttimeyoucome,doremembertobringyoursonhere.
下一次···的时候,
ThelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.
最后一次···的时候,
1.—Where’sthatreport?
—Ibroughtittoyou______youwereinMr.Black’sofficeyesterday.
A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.before
2.—______whenhasthecountrybeenopentointernationaltrade?
—1978,Isuppose.
A.SinceB.InC.FromD.After
3.______Ireallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.
A.AsB.SinceC.IfD.While
4.Howcanyouexpecttolearnanything______youneverlisten?
A.incaseB.evenifC.unlessD.when
5.TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryears______theNorthwonintheend.
A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.then
6.I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometime______Briangetsback.
A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.after
7.Nancyenjoyedherselfsomuch______shevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyear.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
8.Shehadjustfinishedherhomework______hermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthepianoyesterday.
A.whenB.whileC.afterD.since
9.Youcan’tborrowbooksfromtheschoollibrary______yougetyourstudentcard.
A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.as
10.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone______local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.
A.ifB.whenC.whichD.since
11.Becauseoftheheavytraffic,itwasalreadytimeforlunchbreak______shegottoheroffice.
A.sinceB.thatC.whenD.until
二.条件状语从句
条件状语从句常用引导词有if,unless(除非,如果不,除非在…的时候),incase(如果,以防),onconditionthat(在…条件下,如果),aslongas(只要),provided(that)/providing(that)(假如,在…条件下),suppose(that)/supposing(that)(如果,假如),when(倘若)等连词引导。
Youwillfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.(=ifyoudon’tstudyhard.)
Aslongasyoudon’tloseheart,youwillsucceed.
Aslongasyou’rehappy,itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.
Suppose/supposingthattheyrefuseus,whoelsecanweturntoforhelp?
Supposingitrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?
Incasethereisafire,whatwillwedofirst?
Shewillgoprovidedherfriendscangoalso.
Hewilldotheworkprovidingyoupayhim.
IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit.
Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.
Excise:
1)___ourmanagerobjectstoTom’sjoiningtheclub,weshallaccepthimasamember.
A.UntilB.UnlessC.IfD.After
2)Youmayusetheroomasyoulike____youcleanitupafterwards.
A.sofarasB.solongasC.incaseD.evenif
3)WewillhaveapicnicintheparkthisSunday____itrainsorit’sverycold.
A.sinceB.ifC.unlessD.until
4)Weallknowthat____,thesituationwillgetworse.
A.Notifdealtcaregullywith
B.Ifnotcarefullydealtwith
C.Ifdealtnotcarefullywith
D.Notifcarefullydealtwith
三.地点状语从句
Where与wherever引导的状语从句,表示动作发生的地点。
WeshouldgowherethePartyneedsusmost.
Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
Wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.
※注意区分where引导地点状语从句与定语从句的区别
You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.
You’dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.
四.原因状语从句
1)because表示某件事情发生的直接原因或理由。
它的语气很强,因而常用来回答why的提问。
在这几个连词中,它表示原因的语气最强。
如:
Hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.
2)since/nowthat常表示对方已经知道的既成事实,说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。
其语气比because要弱,一般译成“既然”。
如:
Sinceyouarehere,whynotstayforafewmoredays?
3)as常用于表示十分明显的原因,说明因果关系,重点放在主句上,语气较弱,常译成“由于”。
如:
Asit’sgettingdarker,wemustgohomenow.
4)for只是一个并列连词,用于连接两个并列句,表示推理或解释,对前一个分句进行附加说明。
如:
Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet。
五.目的状语从句
sothat“为了”,要放在主句之后,同soasto…,从句中要使用情态动词,如:
can,could,may,might等
Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthetrain.
=Hegotupearlyto/inorderto/soastocatchthetrain.
inorderthat“为了”,放在主句前和后均可。
同inorderto…
Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.
△incase;forfear(that)
你最好带上你的伞,以防下雨
You’dbettertakeyourumbrellawithyouincase/forfear(that)itrains.
区别:
forfearthat强调“害怕、担心某事会发生”,incase表示“以防出现某种情况。
”
Marydidn’twanttogetoutofbed,__________shemightwakeherbabyup.
Takeyourraincoat_________itrains.
Myparentsliveinasmallvillage.Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehouse_____thereisapowercut.
A.IfB.unlessC.incaseD.sothat
Leaveyourkeywithaneighbor_____youlockyouselfoutoneday.
A.EversinceB.evenifC.soonafterD.incase
六.结果状语从句
such+a/an+adj.+单数名词+thatclause
such+adj.+n.s/n.[u]+that...
such+many/much/few/little+n(s).+that...
so+adj.(+a/an+单数名词)+thatclause
so+adv.+thatclause
so+many/much/few/little+n+thatclause
Shetoldussuchaninterestingstorythatweallforgotaboutthetime.
Shetoldussointerestinganstorythatweallforgotaboutthetime.
Mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelieveinhim.
____________________________________________
改为部分倒装句型
强调句型
Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark.
注意:
•Heissuchacleverboy______wealllikehim.
•Heissuchacleverboy______wealllike.
△将so/such···that句型转化为so/suchasto句型
Heissocleverastudentthatheisabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.
→
同义句转换:
Heissothathecan’tjoin
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