重点资料高中英语 Unit 8 Adventure单元综合检测 北师大版必修3.docx

重点资料高中英语 Unit 8 Adventure单元综合检测 北师大版必修3.docx

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重点资料高中英语Unit8Adventure单元综合检测北师大版必修3

Unit8Adventure单元综合检测

Ⅰ.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

A

ExactlyadecadehaspassedsinceamancalledOxygenfirstthrewhimselfacrossAmerica.Knownforhisjumpingability，Oxygen，aCzech，whojumpedanearly10footwideabyss（深渊）．Today，PetrKops，21，iswearingOxygen'spants．“IdidnotknowOxygenpersonally，butmysisterdid，”Kopssaid.“Iwearhistrousersforgoodluck.”Minuteslater，Kopswasstandingattheedgeofa70footabysscalledBrokenBones.

Whileitmayseemsuicidal（自杀的），jumpingacrossagapisactuallyanextremesportthatisgaininginpopularity.Calledrockjumping，orsimplyjumping，thisactivityistakingplaceintheAdrspachTepliceRocks，aremotenaturepreserveinthenortheastpartoftheCzechRepublic.Knownforits11squaremilesofsandstone，theregionhasbeenlovedbylifelongrockclimbers.“Theaimistogettothetopofasmanytowersasyoucan.”saidVladimirProchazka，knownasJuneBug，a59yearoldclimberandacollectorofCzechrockclimbinghistories.

Jumpingisoftenthemostpossiblewaytogettothetower.Inmostcases，climbersjumpwitharopetiedaroundtheirwaist.Iftheymissthelanding—whichisnotuncommon—theywillfallintothewallofthebasetower.“Jumpingrequiresfearlessness，”Prochazkasaid.“Brokenordamagedbonesarefairlycommon.”Still，therearethosewhoprefertoexperiencebyjumpingwithoutarope.AmongthemostwellknownoftheseadventurersarePetrPrachtelandhiswife，Zorka，whohelpedcreatethesportinthe1960s.Theypioneeredcountlessjumps，sometimeswithoutthesafetyofarope.

【语篇解读】　文章介绍了起源于捷克共和国的跳岩运动。

文章介绍了该运动的起源、分级和在该运动中几个关键的人物。

1．Whatdoes“pants”probablymeaninthefirstparagraph?

A．Shoes.　B．Trousers.

C．Jackets.D．Shirts.

B　[词义猜测题。

根据下文中的“Iwearhistrousersforgoodluck.”可知他穿的是Oxygen的裤子。

故该题的正确答案为B项。

]

2．WhydidPetrKopswearOxygen'strousers?

A．BecauseheknewOxygenverywell.

B．BecauseOxygenwasgoodatwearing.

C．Becausehewantedtobelucky.

D．BecauseOxygenhadpoorjumpingability.

C　[推理判断题。

根据文章第一段的“Iwearhistrousersforgoodluck.”可知他是为了好运，故该题的正确答案为C项。

]

3．Rockjumpingis．

A．becominglessandlesspopularforitissofaraway

B．toodangeroustoattractanypeople

C．appearedinthesoutheastpartoftheCzechRepublic　

D．lovedbypeoplewhocanfacethedanger

D　[细节理解题。

根据第二段的“...thatisgaininginpopularity”可知A和B的说法是错误的；根据第二段的第一句“Whileitmayseemsuicidal（自杀的），jumpingacrossagapisactuallyanextremesportthatisgaininginpopularity.”可知该运动类似“自杀”，故一定为一些喜欢冒险的人所钟爱。

故该题的正确答案为D项。

]

B

（2018·全国Ⅲ卷，B）Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare，likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity，forexample，isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896，Dawson，Canada，wasunmappedwilderness（荒野）．Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897，andtwoyearslater，itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest，withapopulationof30，000.

DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnowcoveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche（雪崩）onceclosedthepath，killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson，however，therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20，000peoplewhodugforgold，4，000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.

Butnomatterhowrichtheywere，Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon，thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown，andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska，theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today，peoplestillcomeandgotoseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.

【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了加拿大道森的历史、发展与现状。

4．WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?

A．Itsbusinessculture.

B．Itssmallpopulation.

C．Itsgeographicalposition.

D．Itsfavourableclimate.

C　[细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“NewYorkCity，forexample，isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.”可推知，由于纽约市地处哈德逊河入海口，其优越的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。

C选项“Itsgeographicalposition.”正确。

A选项“它的贸易文化”，B选项“它的少量人口”，D选项“它的有利气候”在文中均无信息支撑。

]

5．WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?

A．Twothirdsofthemstayedthere.

B．Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.

C．Almosteveryonegaveup.

D．Halfofthemdied.

B　[细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Ofthefirst20，000peoplewhodugforgold，4，000gotrich.”可知，在最先的两万淘金者中，有4000人变得富有了，换言之，即有五分之一的人（Oneoutoffivepeople）变得富有了，故答案为B。

A项属于无中生有，文中并未提及最先到达道森的20000人中有三分之二的人留在了那里；C项说几乎大家都放弃了，这与下文描述的五分之一的人变得富有矛盾；文中第二段提到在前往道森的途中，雪崩造成了63人死亡，并非是10000人死亡，故D项错误。

]

6．WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?

A．Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.

B．Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.

C．Theywereunabletostandthewinter.

D．Theywereshortoffood.

B　[细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Butsoon...andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska，theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome”可知，当道森的黄金都被发掘后，人们听说在阿拉斯加发现了新的金矿，他们便很快离开道森了。

由此可推知，他们是想去阿拉斯加碰碰运气。

A项属偷换概念，文中说的是“Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown”（这个城市到处都是感到失望且无心定居下来的人们）。

C项属无中生有，文中并未说他们不能忍受这里的冬季。

D项属曲解文意，文章提到“Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive”（诸如食品和木材这样的生活必需品非常昂贵），并非是说他们缺少食品。

]

7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．Theriseandfallofacity.

B．ThegoldrushinCanada.

C．Journeysintothewilderness.

D．TourisminDawson.

A　[主旨大意题。

本文主要以道森为例，讲述了城市的兴衰，故A项正确。

B项“加拿大淘金热”，以偏概全；C项“荒野之旅”，曲解文意；D项“道森的旅游业”，不符合文意。

]

C

Runnerswhoencountervisualandauditorydistractions（干扰）maybemorelikelytosufferleginjuries，accordingtoresearchbytheAssociationofAcademicPhysiatristsinLasVegas.Runnersoftenseekdistractionfromthetaskathand.Whetheritbemusic，texting，daydreaming，takinginthesights，orproppingabookuponthetreadmill（跑步机），moreoftenthannotadistractioniswelcome.But，researchersfromtheUniversityofFloridahaverecentlydiscoveredthosedistractionsmayleadtoinjury.

DanielHerman，MD，assistantprofessoratUniversityofFlorida，andhisteamconductedresearchontheeffectsofvisualandauditorydistractionson14runnerstodeterminewhateffectthesedistractionswouldhaveonthingssuchasheartrate，howmanytimesarunnerbreathesperminuteandhowmuchoxygenisconsumedbythebody.

Therunnerswereallinjuryfreeatthetimeofthestudyandran31mileseachweek.Dr.Herman'steamhadeachparticipantrunonatreadmillthreeseparatetimes.Thefirsttimewaswithoutanydistractions.Thesecondtimeaddedavisualdistraction，duringwhichtherunnersconcentratedonascreendisplayingdifferentlettersindifferentcolorswiththerunnerhavingtonotewhenaspecificlettercolorcombinationappeared.Thethirdtimeaddedanauditorydistractionsimilartothevisualdistraction，withtherunnerhavingtonotewhenacertainwordwasspokenbyacertainvoice.

Whencomparedtorunningwithoutdistractions，theparticipantsappliedforcefastertotheirleftandrightlegscalledloadingrate，withauditoryandvisualdistractions.Theyalsoexperiencedanincreasedamountofforcefromthegroundonbothlegs，calledgroundreactionforce，withauditorydistractions.Finally，therunnerstendedtobreatheheavierandhavehigherheartrateswithvisualandauditorydistractionsthanwithoutanydistractionsatall.

“Runninginenvironmentswithdifferentdistractionsmayunfavorablyaffectrunningperformanceandincreaseinjuryrisk，”explainsDr.Herman.“Sometimesthesethingscannotbehelped，butyoumaybeabletominimizepotentiallycumulative（累积的）effects.Forexample，whenrunninganewrouteinachaoticenvironmentsuchasduringadestinationofmarathon，youmaywanttoskiplisteningtosomethingwhichmayrequiremoreattention—likeanewsongplaylist.”

Dr.Herman'steamwillcontinuetoinvestigatethepotentialrelationshipbetweendistractedrunningandleginjuries，andanyeffectthisrelationshiphasondifferenttrainingtechniquesthatuseauditoryorvisualcues.

【语篇解读】　说明文。

研究表明，跑步时受到视听干扰可能导致受伤。

8．Paragraph2tellsustheresearch．

A．processB．question

C．resultsD．reflection

B　[细节理解题。

根据whateffect，howmanytimesandhowmuchoxygen可知选B。

]

9．Basedontheresearch，runnerswithauditorydistractionstendedto．

A．breatheheavierandhavelowerheartrates

B．gainafasterspeedwithslowerloadingrates

C．applymoreforcewithlessoxygenconsumption

D．getanincreasedamountofgroundreactionforce　

D　[细节理解题。

根据Theyalsoexperiencedanincreasedamountofforcefromthegroundonbothlegs，calledgroundreactionforce，withauditorydistractions.可知，受到听力干扰后，双脚感受到更多的反作用力。

]

10．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A．Runningwithdistractionsbecomesuncommonnowadays.

B．Listeningtoanewsongwhilerunningensureperformance.

C．Runnersareadvisedtominimizedistractionsinadestinationofmarathon.

D．Runnersaremorelikelytogetinjuredinanenvironmentwithoutdistractions.

C　[推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段可知，Dr.Herman建议跑步者把干扰最小化。

]

11．WhatisprobablythenexttaskforDr.Herman'steam?

A．Whatdeterminestrainingtechniques

B．Whateffectivewayscancureleginjuries

C．Whyrunnersuseauditoryandvisualcues

D．Howdistractionsshouldbeusedintraining

C　[推理判断题。

根据anyeffectthisrelationshiphason