英语高三英语阅读理解解题技巧分析及练习题含答案及解析.docx
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英语高三英语阅读理解解题技巧分析及练习题含答案及解析.docx
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英语高三英语阅读理解解题技巧分析及练习题含答案及解析
【英语】高三英语阅读理解解题技巧分析及练习题(含答案)及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Forcingwaitersandwaitressestosurviveontipsfromcustomersratherthannormalwagesisapointless,crude,anduniqueAmericancustomthat,inthepastseveralyears,ahandfulofprogressiverestaurantownershaveattemptedtodoawaywith.DannyMeyer,CEOofUnionSquareHospitalityGroup,isabouttojointheirranksandhasannouncedthatheplanstograduallystoptippingatthecompany's13restaurants.
What,exactly,iswrongwithtipping?
AsBrianPalmerhasexplained,moreorlessit'severything.Tostart,leavingawaiter'spayinthehandsofcustomershasafeelingofclassism(阶级歧视).Andintheory,handingrestaurantcustomersthepowertotipisatleastsupposedtomotivatebetterservice.Thisfailsinpracticebecausehumansturnouttobeprettyarbitrary(随意的)abouttheirtippingbehavior.Researchhasshownthattheamountdinerstiphasverylittletodowiththeirlevelofsatisfaction.Allofthisdoesn'tencouragewaitersandwaitressestodoanythingbutturnoverasmanytablesaspossible.
Tippingisalsoveryunfairtokitchenstaff.Thelawallowsrestaurantstodividetipsbetweenfront-of-the-houseworkerslikewaiters,hosts,hostesses,andbartenders(调酒师),butnotcooks.Thiscreatesasysteminwhichthepeopleservingthefoodinarestaurantcanearnmorethanthepeoplepreparingit.
OneofthemostfascinatingpartsofMeyer'smoveisthat,unlikesomerestaurantownerswhohavetakenananti-tippingstand,hewon'tsimplyaddastandardextrachargetodiners'bills.Rather,UnionSquareHospitalityGroupmeanstoraisemenupricesenoughtofullycoverthecostofameal.IfMeyermanagestomoveawayfromtippingatallwithouthurtinghisprofits,itwouldalmostcertainlysetthestageforotherstofollowsuit.
(1)What'sDannyMeyer'sattitudetowardsstoppingtipping?
A. Negative. B. Supportive. C. Objective. D. Doubtful.
(2)WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?
A. Tippingmaydisturbtherestaurants'management.
B. Tippingwillguaranteedinershighqualityservice.
C. Tippingcanarousethestaff'senthusiasmforwork.
D. Tippingwillbringcustomersasenseofsatisfaction.
(3)WhatcanweknowaboutUnionSquareHospitalitygroup?
A. BrianPalmerisinchargeofitnow.
B. Itscooksearnmuchmorethanitsservers.
C. Restauranttippinghasbeentotallybannedthere.
D. Dinerswillbechargedmoreforthedishesthere.
(4)Whatisthetopicofthepassage?
A. Restaurants'gettingridoftipping. B. Difficultiesthatrestaurantsarefacedwith.
C. Thepopularityofno-tippingrestaurants.
D. Tipsonrunningrestaurantssuccessfully.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,介绍了强迫服务员和侍者靠顾客的小费,而不是正常的工资维持生计是一种毫无意义、粗鲁、独特的美国风俗,过去几年,一些进步的餐馆老板试图消除这种风俗。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“DannyMeyer,CEOofUnionSquareHospitalityGroup,isabouttojointheirranksandhasannouncedthatheplanstograduallystoptippingatthecompany's13restaurants.”可知DannyMeyer宣布他计划逐步停止在该公司13家餐厅给小费,这表明他对停止给小费是支持的,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“leavingawaiter'spayinthehandsofcustomershasafeelingofclassism(阶级歧视).Thisfailsinpracticebecausehumansturnouttobeprettyarbitrary(随意的)abouttheirtippingbehavior.”和“Allofthisdoesn'tencouragewaitersandwaitressestodoanythingbutturnoverasmanytablesaspossible.”可知给服务员小费有一个阶级歧视的感觉,由于人类的随意性并不能达到预期效果,起不到鼓励服务员的作用。
这些都会扰乱饭店的管理,故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Rather,UnionSquareHospitalityGroupmeanstoraisemenupricesenoughtofullycoverthecostofameal.”可知UnionSquareHospitalityGroup打算提高菜单价格,这样顾客就会为饭菜多支付钱,故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“DannyMeyer,……hasannouncedthatheplanstograduallystoptippingatthecompany's13restaurants.”点明了本文主要内容,下文介绍了给小费的不良影响及DannyMeyer这一举动的意义。
本文是围绕禁止给小费这一事件写的,Restaurants'gettingridoftipping适合作为标题,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
YoucanseeaseaturtlenamedHerman,anoctopus(章鱼)calledOctavia,andasealnamedLidiaattheSmithsonian'sNationalZooinWashington,D.C.Ratherthanrealanimals,theyareactuallyartworksmadeoutofplastictrashfromtheocean.
Theseartworksarepartofatravelingexhibitcalled"WashedAshore:
ArttoSavetheSea".TheWashedAshoreproject,ledbytheartistcalledPozzi,workstoraiseawarenessaboutplasticpollutioninEarth'soceans.
Morethan315billionpoundsofplasticlittertheworld'soceanstoday.Mostoftheplasticisgarbagefromtownsandcities,aswellastrashthatpeopleleaveonbeaches.Rainwater,winds,andhightidesbringthetrashintotheoceanorintoriversthatleadtotheocean.Onceitisunderthewaves,theplasticbeginstobreakupintosmallerandsmallerpieces.
Thousandsofseaanimalsdieeachyearfromeatingplasticbagsandotherthings.Eachyear,millionsmorepoundsofplasticendupintheocean.Arecentstudyfoundthatifthatcontinues,by2050thetotalweightofplasticwillbemorethanthatofallthefishintheocean.
TheWashedAshoreprojectisworkingtostopthatfromhappening.Since2010,WashedAshorevolunteershavecollected38,000poundsofplastictrashfrommorethan300milesofbeaches.TheyhelpedPozzicreatemorethan60artworksofseacreaturesharmedbyplasticpollution.
"Theseartworksareapowerfulreminderofourpersonalroleandglobalresponsibilityinpreservingbiodiversity(生物多样性)onlandandinthesea,"saysDennisKelly,directoroftheNationalZoo.
(1)WhatisthepurposeoftheartworksshownattheSmithsonian'sNationalZoo?
A. Toletpeopleknowaboutanimalsintheocean.
B. Tointroduceonewayofrecyclingplastictrash.
C. Towarnpeopleofplasticpollutionintheocean.
D. ToshowPozzi'sgreatgiftforcreatingartworks.
(2)Accordingtothepassage,whatisthesourceofplasticpollutionintheocean?
A. Garbagefromtownsandcities.
B. Trashleftonbeachesbypeople.
C. Plasticbagsbrokenupbywaves.
D. Littercreatedbyhumanactivities.
(3)ThedatainParagraph5isgiventoprovethat .
A. plasticpollutionwillbemoreseriousintheocean
B. moreandmoreartworksofseacreatureswillbemade
C. theWashedAshoreprojecthasmadegreatachievements
D. volunteerscansolvetheoceanpollutionsuccessfullyby2050
(4)What'sDennisKelly'sattitudetowardstheartworks?
A. Worried.
B. Supportive.
C. Doubtful.
D. Unconcerned.
(5)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A. TurningTrashintoArt
B. WorkingforWashedAshore
C. CollectingPlasticTrash
D. StoppingEnvironmentalPollution
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)C
(4)B
(5)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,Pozzi用垃圾雕塑了海洋动物,来提醒全球的人们去保护海洋,禁止人们朝海洋扔垃圾。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Theseartworksareapowerfulreminderofourpersonalroleandglobalresponsibilityinpreservingbiodiversityonlandandinthesea.”可知这些艺术品展示了人们在海洋生物多样性保护中的个人作用。
即:
警醒人民注意海洋中的塑料污染。
故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Morethan315billionpoundsofplasticlittertheworld'soceans,today.Mostoftheplasticisgarbagefromtownsandcities,aswellastrashthatpeopleleaveonbeaches.”可知海洋中的塑料垃圾主要是由人类活动所产生的垃圾。
故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中所列的数字信息可以证明:
该项目最近几年在清理海洋垃圾中所做的巨大成绩(已有3800吨垃圾被清理)。
故选C。
(4)考查观点态度。
根据最后一段中的“Theseartworksareapowerfulreminderofourpersonalroleandglobalresponsibilityinpreservingbiodiversityonlandandinthesea.”其中关键信息“powerfulreminder”可知这些艺术品是人们在保护海洋中所起作用的有力证明,故选B。
(5)考查主旨大意。
本文是通过把海洋中的塑料垃圾变成艺术品以唤醒人们的海洋保护意识。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断,观点态度和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Eleven-year-oldRubyKateChitseylovesaskingthequestion"Ifyoucouldhaveanythreethings,whatwouldyouwant?
"atnursinghomesinHarrison.Evenmoreamazing,shethensetsouttomaketheresidentswholiveinthenursinghomerealizetheirdreams.
LastMay,RubyKatenoticedaresidentnamedPearlstaringoutawindow.Sheseemedsad."Whatareyoulookingat?
"RubyKateasked.Pearlsaidherdogwasledawaybyhisnewownerbecauseshecouldn'taffordtoraiseit.RubyKateandhermother,Amanda,askedaroundanddiscoveredthatmanynursinghomeresidentsareunabletoaffordeventhesmallestluxuries.SoRubyKatedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.
Shestartedbyaskingresidentswhatthreethingstheywantedmostintheworld.Amandaworriedthatpeoplewouldaskforcarsandotherthingsan11-year-oldwouldn'tbeabletoprovide.Instead,theyaskedforchocolatebars,McDonaldfries,pantsthatftproperlyandevenjustprayer.Usingheirownmoney,theChitseysgrantedthewishesofabout100peopleinthreemonths.Thentheystartedaskingfordonations.
ThegoodpeopleofHarrisonrespondedenthusiastically,somuchsohatAmandasetupaGoFundMepage,ThreeWishesforRuby'sResidents,hopingtocollect%5,000.Theyhittheirgoalinamonth.AfterGoFundMenamedRubyKateaKidHeroandpromotedherstoryinternationallythispastJanuary,ThreeWishesraised$20,000in24hoursandmorethan$250,000infivemonths.
Earlierthisyear,ThreeWishesforRuby'sResidentsbecameanonprofitandlauncheditsfirstnationwidechapters.RubyKatedoesn'tplantostopthere."Iconsiderkindnesstobemyhobby,"shesays,"andI'mverygoodatit."
(1)WhatinspiredRubyKatetohelpresidentsatnursinghomes?
A.Pearl'ssadnessformissingherdog.
B.Thekindnessofresidentsatnursinghomes.
C.Manynursinghomeresidents'lackofluxuries.
D.Herexperienceofworkinginanursingho
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