中考英语复习非谓语动词专项讲解与训练有答案.docx
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中考英语复习非谓语动词专项讲解与训练有答案.docx
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中考英语复习非谓语动词专项讲解与训练有答案
非谓语动词一(动词不定式)
句法功能
说明
例句
主语
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,把不定式置后。
TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasyforme.=It'snoteasyformetolearnEnglishwell.
表语
动词不定式置于be动词后作表语,大多情况下,不定式作表语,可转化为作主语
Mydutyistofinishtheworkontime.=Tofinishtheworkontimeismyduty.
宾语
要注意一些表示命令、打算或希望的动词(hope,wish,decide,plan,expect...)只能用不定式作宾语
Theydecidedtogiveuptakingthecollegeentranceexamination
宾补
不定式作宾补时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系;一些使役动词和感官动词后的不定式要省略to
make/letsbdo.
watch/see/notice/hearsbdosth
SheaskedmenottospeakChineseinEnglishclass.
Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.
定语
动词不定式作定语,位于名词后,并与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系;若是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加适当的介词
Haveyougotanythingtosay?
Thereisnothingtoworryabout.
状语
动词不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和主语一致,可表目的,结果及原因
作目的状语可置于句子前,用逗号隔开。
Everymorninghegetsupearlytoexercise.
Hereturnedhometolearnthathissonhadgonetothecountryside.
考点考法
1.不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not。
如:
MymotherdecidednottohaveatriptoYunnanwithme.我妈妈决定不和我去云南旅游了。
2.不定式可以和疑问词who,which,what,how,where,when连用,构成不定式短语,在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。
如:
Couldyoutellmehowtooperatethismachine?
你能告诉我怎样操作这台机器吗?
3.动词不定式的句型或结构考查
①It+be+adj.+of+sb.+todosth.意为“某人能做某事真是太……了”。
此句型中的形容词通常是表示主观感情或态度的形容词。
如:
good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless等。
如:
It'sverywiseofyoutodoitaheadoftime.你提前做了那件事真是太明智了。
.②It+be+adj.+for+sb.+todosth.意为“对……来说做某事真是太……了”。
这些形容词通常是表示客观情况的形容词。
如:
easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,impossible,interesting等。
如:
It'snecessaryforustotakeamapwhentraveling.对我们来说,旅行的时候带一张地图是有必要的。
③too...todo结构,inordertodo结构enoughtodo结构
too...to结构意为“太……而不能”,enoughto结构意为“足够……以至于能……”。
如:
Thewateristoohottodrink.水太烫了不能喝。
Inordertodo为了--
.④主语+think/find/feel/believe/consider等+it+adj.+todosth.+其他,意为“某人认为/发现做某事……”。
如:
Ithinkiteasytofinishthepaperinthreehours.我认为三个小时完成这篇文章是很简单的
非谓语动词二(动名词)
句法功能
说明
例句
主语
谓语动词用单数形式
Drinkingcoldwaterisnotgoodforyourhealth.
动词宾语
表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作
SusandislikeswearingschooluniformonMondays.
介词宾语
Stampsareusedforsendingletters.
表语
多数情况下,动名词作表语可转化为主语
Myhobbyisplayingchess.=Playingchessismyhobby.
定语
只表明所修饰词的用途、所属关系等,位于修饰词前
—Wouldyouliketogotothereadingroomwithme?
—Yes,I'dliketo.
中考要点
①有些动词或词组后常跟动名词作宾语,常见的有:
finish(完成),practice(实践),worth(值得),bebusydoing(忙于),keep(继续),beusedto(习惯于),giveup(放弃),consider(考虑),can'thelp(忍不住;情不自禁),feellike(想要),miss(错过),imagine(想象),mind(介意),avoid(避免),enjoy(喜欢;享受),havefun(玩得开心),lookforwardto(期待)suggest(建议)
巧思妙记
完成实践值得忙;
继续习惯别放弃;
考虑建议不禁想;
喜欢思念想象要介意
(2)有些动词或动词短语跟动名词或动词不定式都可,但意义不同。
stoptodo停止做某事后去做另一件事。
/stopdoingsth停止做某事
forgettodosth忘记要去做某事/forgetdoingsth忘记已经做过的事情
remembertodosth记住要去做某事/rememberdoingsth记住已经做过的事情
regrettodosth遗憾要去做某事/regretdoingsth遗憾做了某事
goontodosth做完一件事情,接着做另一件事情/goondoingsth继续做同一件事情
meantodosth打算做某事情/meandoingsth意味着做某事情
非谓语动词三(过去分词)
句法功能
例句
表语
Thedoorremainedlocked.门还是锁着的。
定语
Thecarboughtlastyearlookslikeanewone.
去年买的那辆车看起来像新的。
状语
Heatedwaterchangesintosteam.热水变成了蒸汽。
宾补
Iheardmynamecalled.我听到有人叫我的名字。
特别注意
英语中过去分词作宾补(此时的过去分词一般为及物动词)表示被动或完成的意义,有时两者兼有。
作宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
如:
ShefoundagiftboughtbyherfriendinAmerica.(宾补与宾语有被动关系,表示一种状态)
拓展提示
1“make+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词形式的动词必须是表示结果的含义。
如:
Theoldmanreallycan’tmakehimselfunderstoodclearly.
②过去分词用在感官动词watch,notice,see,hear,feel和find等后面。
如:
Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.到学校时,我们发现门被锁了。
③过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
如:
Theteacherwalkedintotheclassroomwithhishandsputbehindhisback.老师双手背后地走进了教室。
④过去分词用在get,have,make后面,注意“have+宾语+过去分词”结构的两种情况:
※表示“让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做”
eg.Ihavemyhaircut.我已经把头发剪了。
※表示“遭遇到某种不幸,受到打击,蒙受……损失”
eg.Ihadmywalletstolenonthebuslastweek.上周在公交车上,我的钱包被偷了。
非谓语动词专项训练1
1.ItisknownthatWhiteDeerPlainisoneofthemostfamousnovels________byChenZhongshi.
A.writes B.towriteC.waswrittenD.written
2.—Iadvisedthatyoushouldstop________arest.Youaretootired.
—Iwilltakeathreedayholidayassoonasthisprojectfinishes.
A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.had
3.Hepromises________itasecretbetweenthemandwon'ttellittoanyone.
A.tokeepB.keptC.keepingD.keep
4.—Doyouhaveanydifficultyin________French?
—Yes,butItrytomakemyself________.
A.tospeak;understoodB.speaking;understand
B.C.tospeak;tounderstandD.speaking;understood
5.—Walkingmoreisgoodforourhealth.
—You'reright.SoI'drather________anhour'swalktoworkthanconsider________acar.
A.take;drivingB.take;driveC.take;todriveD.totake;driving
6.Luoyangisworkinghard________forthecoming35thPeonyFestival.ThenmillionsofvisitorswillcometoLuoyangforthebeautifulflowers.
A.prepareB.toprepareC.preparesD.prepared
7.WhenIwaswalkingpastthewindow,InoticedJudy_____myhomework.Ireallygot______.
A.copying;annoyingB.copy;annoyedC.copying;annoyedD.copied;annoyed
8.TomandJerryisaveryfunnycartoon.Ican'thelp________whenIwatchit.
A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughed
9.Whenyouleave,pleaseturnoffthelights________energy.
A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.saved
10.—Jack,whyhaveyoudecided________Chinesefolkmusicasacourse.
—TolearnmoreaboutChineseculture.(2017,苏州)
A.takeB.takenC.takingD.totake
11.Weonlyplanned_____theplayforanhour,butintheend,westayedforthreehours.
A.watch B.watchesC.towatch D.watched
12.Daveisagoodboyandhealwaysfinishes_____hishomeworkontime.(2017,重庆B卷)
A.doB.didC.doesD.doing
13.—Jackhasn'ttakenhispianolessonsforalongtime.
—Heisconsidering____hispianocourseandspendingmoretimeonhisstudy.(2017,鄂州)
A.todropB.tothrowC.droppingD.throwing
14.Tokeepchildrenawayfromdanger,wewarnparents______childrenathomealone
A.leaveB.toleaveC.notleaveD.nottoleave
15.Formorethanonce,ourheadteacherasksus____thehabitofkeepingadiary.(2017,广东)
A.developB.developsC.developingD.todevelop
16.Whenweheardthegoodnews,wecouldn'thelp_______.We'resoexcited.(2017,百色)
A.jumpB.tojumpC.jumpingD.jumped
17.—Howdoesyourfathergotoworkeveryday?
—Heusedto________abusbutnowheisusedto________.(2017,铜仁)
A.take;walkB.taking;walkingC.taking;walkD.take;walking
18.—Excuseme,butcanyoutellmewherethenearestbankis?
—Just________goingfortwomoreblocksandyou'llseeit.(2017,南京)
A.keepB.tokeepC.keepingD.keeps
19.—Whydidhisfatherbuythatphonewatchforhim?
—BecausetheGPSinthewatchcanhelphimtoavoid________theway.(2017,贵港)
A.toloseB.loseC.losesD.losing
20.Myfatherasksme________inthestreet.It'sdangerous.(2017,贺州)
A.nottoplayB.notplayC.notplayingD.don'tplay
21.MomdoesallthehouseworksothatSarahcantakethetime____herwordsonpaper.
A.putB.puttingC.toputD.puts
Key:
1-5DAADA6-10.BCCBD11-15.CDCDD16-21.CDADAC
非谓语动词专项训练2
1.—Wasitnecessary________John________somephotosbeforehelpingtheoldman?
—Ithinkso.Inthisway,hecouldprotecthimselflater.(2017,泰州)
A.of;takingB.for;takingC.of;totakeD.for;totake
2.Dianausedto_____towork,butnowsheisusedto_____becausetheroadiscrowdedandshewantstokeepfit.
A.drive;walkingB.drive;walkC.driving;walkD.driving;walking
3.Thezooasksthevisitors________theanimals.(2017,桂林改编)
A.notfeedB.nottofeedC.don'tfeedD.notbefeed
4.OurEnglishteacherwantsus________Englishstoriesoutofclass.(2017,成都改编)
A.readB.readingC.toreadD.toreading
5.Aftertwohours'drive,thedriverdecided________andhavearest.(2017,海南改编)
A.stopB.tostopC.stoppingD.tostopping
6.Itisnecessaryforstudents________thelisteningability.
A.toimproveB.improvingC.improveD.improves
7.MotheroftentellsBob________toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.
A.don'tspendB.tonotspendC.nottospendD.doesn'tspend
8.ZhouLandoesn'thavetobemade________.Shealwaysstudiesveryhard.
A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learned
9.—CanyouteachmehowtosurftheInternet?
—Takethisbook.Itwillinstructyou________it.
A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learned
10.Myparentsandteachersalwaysencourageme________whatIlike.
A.doB.didC.todoD.doing
11.It’sbadforyoureyes_________computergamesforalongtime.
A.playsB.toplayC.playD.played
12.Howlongdidyouspend_________yournewhouseyesterday?
A.todecorateB.decorateC.decoratingD.decorated
Key:
1-5.DABCB6-10.ACBBC11-12BC
非谓语动词专项训练3
1.Sallyhadnopen_________yesterdaymorning.
A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith
2.Apolicemansawtwothieves____agirl’smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.
A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolen
3.Theyweremade________fourteenhoursaday.
A.workB.workingC.workedD.towork
4.Whynot_________?
A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohomeC.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohome
5.Thescientistsuggested_________theexperimentinadifferentway.
A.doB.todoC.doingD.done
6..IspendmuchmoretimeplayingbasketballthanI_____formylessons.【江苏淮安】
A.spendtoprepareB.dopreparingC.dotoprepareD.spendprepare
7.Weshouldbemorecareful_______muchtimeoncomputergames.
A.nottospendB.tonotspendC.nottocostD.nottaketo
8..Whenyouleave,don’tforget_________offthelight.
A.toturnB.turningC.turnD.turned
9.TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom_________theearthaway.
A.blowB.blowingC.blewD.toblow
10.Mygrandfatherisused_
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