高中英语北师大版版必修3教学案Unit 7 Section 1 含答案.docx

高中英语北师大版版必修3教学案Unit 7 Section 1 含答案.docx

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高中英语北师大版版必修3教学案Unit7Section1含答案

Killerwhaleshavethesecondheaviestbrainsamongmarinemammals（afterSpermwhales,whichhavethelargestbrainofanyanimal）.Theycanbetrainedincaptivity（囚禁；关押）andareoftendescribedasintelligent,althoughdefiningandmeasuring“intelligence”isdifficultinaspecieswhoseenvironmentandbehavioralstrategiesareverydifferentfromthoseofhumans.

Killerwhalesimitateothers,andseemtodeliberatelyteachskillstotheirkin.OfftheCrozetIslands,motherspushtheircalvesontothebeach,waitingtopulltheyoungsterbackifneeded.

Peoplewhohaveinteractedcloselywithkillerwhalesoffernumerousanecdotesdemonstrating（证明）thewhales'curiosity,playfulness,andabilitytosolveproblems.AlaskankillerwhaleshavenotonlylearnedhowtostealfishfromIonglines,butalsohaveovercomeavarietyoftechniquesdesignedtostopthem,suchastheuseofunrated（未分级的；未征税的）linesasdecoys.Once,fishermenplacedtheirboatsseveralmilesapart,takingturnsretrieving（恢复；取回）smallamountsoftheircatch,inthehopethatthewhaleswouldnothaveenoughtimetomovebetweenboatstostealthecatchasitwasbeingretrieved.Aresearcherdescribedwhathappenednext:

Thekillerwhale'suseofdialectsandthepassingofotherlearnedbehavioursfromgenerationtogenerationhavebeendescribedasaformofanimalculture.

Section_Ⅰ

Warmup__&_Lesson_1_—_Prereading

VIKINGVOYAGES①TOAMERICA

TheVikings②werethefirstEuropeanstoreachAmerica③.Theyachieved④thislongbefore⑤Columbuseversetsail⑥.

TheVikingswereagroupofpeoplewhoseancestors⑦camefromScandinavia⑧.TheycontrolledtheseasandcoastsofNorthernEuropebetweenthe8thand10thcenturiesAD⑨.Byaround900AD,thereweremanyplacesinNorthernEuropewheretheVikingschosetolive⑩.In982AD,whenamancalledErictheRed⑪decidedtosetsailfurther⑫west,therewereasmanyas10,000VikingslivinginIceland⑬.

①voyage/'vɔIIdʒ/n．航海；航空

②Viking/'vaIkIŋ/n．维京人，北欧海盗

③名词中心词被序数词或thelast等修饰时，其后通常用动词不定式作后置定语。

④achievevt.实现，到达　achievementn．成就，功绩

⑤longbefore很久以前　beforelong不久以后

⑥setsail启航

⑦ancestor/'ænsεstə/n．祖先，祖宗

⑧whose引导的定语从句，修饰agroupofpeople。

⑨ADn．公元　BCn．公元前

⑩where引导的定语从句，修饰NorthernEurope。

⑪过去分词作后置定语。

⑫further/'fɜːðə/adv.更远，较远

further是far的比较级。

⑬现在分词短语作后置定语。

北欧海盗航行到美洲

[第1～2段译文]

北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。

早在哥伦布启航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。

北欧海盗的祖先来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛。

公元8世纪到10世纪期间，他们控制着北欧海面和沿海地区。

大约到公元900年，北欧很多地方都有海盗居住。

公元982年，一个叫埃里克·雷德的人决定向西远航。

此时，冰岛生活着多达10000名北欧海盗。

Accordingto⑭theoldstoriesofIcelandandNorway，ErictheRedwasforcedtoleaveIcelandbecausehehadcommittedamurder，⑮forwhichhegotintotrouble⑯.EricreachedGreenlandanddiscoveredthatpeoplecouldliveintheplacewherehelanded.HereturnedtoIcelandandtoldpeoplethereaboutGreenland.Hepersuaded⑰somepeopletogobackwithhimtoGreenland.Ericsetsailonceagain，thistimewith25ships，ofwhichonly14madeitto⑱Greenland⑲.

NotlongafterErictheRedhadlandedinGreenland⑳，amancelledBiarnisetsailfromIcelandinsearchof

Eric'sparty.BiarniwashopingtojoinhisfatherwhowaswithEric,buthewasblownoff

course

andfoundhimselfin

anunknown

land，fromwhereheeventually

reachedGreenland

.

⑭accordingto根据，依照

⑮forwhich引导非限制性定语从句，for表示原因，which指代先行词amurder。

⑯getintotrouble陷入麻烦，陷入困境

⑰persuade/pə'sweId/vt.说服，劝服

persuadesb.todosth.＝persuadesb.intodoingsth.说服、劝服某人做某事

⑱makeitto到达　makeit获得成功，准时到达

⑲ofwhich引导非限制性定语从句。

⑳Notlongafter此处引导时间状语从句，意为“……后不久”。

insearchof寻找，寻求

blowoff吹离，吹掉　blowaway吹走，驱散

coursen．航线，路线，方向

“findoneself＋介词短语”表示“发现自己处于某种状态”。

unknown/ˌʌn'nəʊn/adj.不知道的，未知的

eventually/I'ventʃʊəli/adv.最终，终于

fromwhere引导定语从句，修饰anunknownland。

[第3～4段译文]根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因为一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。

埃里克到达格陵兰岛后，发现他登陆的地方可以居住。

他返回冰岛，告诉人们有关格陵兰岛的事情，并说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛。

埃里克再次启航驶往格陵兰岛。

这一次有25艘船与他同行，但其中只有14艘最终到达了格陵兰岛。

埃里克·雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人就从冰岛起航寻找埃里克一行人。

比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被风吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个不知名的地方，从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。

　　Intheyear1002,whenErictheRed'ssonLeifwasplanningatripfurtherwest,BiarniwasthemanwithwhomLeifdiscussedhisplans.LeiffollowedBiarni'sdirections

andsailedtowhatisbelievedtobe

thecoastofpresentday

Canada.Hethensailedfurthersouthtoanislandwhichisnowknownas

Newfoundland.

WeknowaboutErictheRedandLeif'sdeeds

throughstorieswhichwerewrittendowncenturieslaterinNorwayandIceland.TheyarethefirstrecordswehaveofEuropeanssailing

totheAmericas.,

followone'sdirections依照某人的指点

bebelievedtobe被认为是

presentday/ˌpreznt'deI/adj.当今的，现代的

beknownas作为……而出名

befamousas作为……而出名

deed/diːd/n．行为，行动

doagooddeed做一件好事

Europeanssailing...是动名词的复合结构。

Europeans是sailing的逻辑主语。

[第5～6段译文]1002年，埃里克·雷德的儿子利夫打算继续向西航行，他和比阿尼一同商量他的西行计划。

利夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据认为是现在的加拿大海岸的地方。

然后他继续南行至一个现在叫纽芬兰的岛屿。

我们从挪威和冰岛记载下来并流传几个世纪的故事中得知埃里克·雷德和利夫的事迹。

他们是记载中最早航行到达美洲的欧洲人。

Prereading

Pleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.

1．spirit　　　　　　　　　A．不知道的，未知的

2．voyageB．令人惊恐的，骇人的

3．ancestorC．水手，海员

4．eventuallyD．说服，劝服

5．deedE．道歉

6．journeyF．精神

7．lectureG．探险家

8．brakeH．祖先，祖宗

9．explorerI．制动器，刹车

10．unknownJ．最终，终于

11．frighteningK．航海；航空

12．sailorL．行为，行动

13．persuadeM．讲授，演讲

14．apologiseN．旅行，旅程

1～5　_________　6～10　_________　11～14　________

答案：

1～5　FKHJL　6～10　NMIGA　11～14　BCDE

Leadin

Matchthefollowingnavigatorswiththeirmainsailingexperiences.

A．saileddirectlyfromEuropetoIndia

B．ledsevenexpeditionstowhattheChinesecalled“theWesternOcean”（IndianOcean）

C．ledtogeneralEuropeanawarenessoftheAmericancontinents

D．sailedaroundthesouthernmosttipofAfricain1488

1～4　________

答案：

1～4　CBAD

Whilereading

True（T）orFalse（F）．

1．ColumbusreachedAmericaearlierthantheVikings.__F__

2．TheancestorsoftheVikingswerefromScandinavia.__T__

3．ErictheReddecidedtosetsailfurtherwestin900AD.__F__

4．ErictheRedleftIcelandbecausehehadcommittedamurder.__T__

5．AllofEric'stwentyfiveshipsreachedGreenlandsuccessfully.__F__

6．LeifchosedifferentdirectionsfromBiarni'sandsailedtoCanada.__F__

Readthetextandchoosethebestanswers.

1．It'ssaidthatErictheRedgotintotrouble________.

A．whenheleftGreenland

B．whenhereachedGreenland

C．whenhecommittedamurder

D．whenhereturnedtoIceland

2．AfterErictheReddiscoveredGreenland，________.

A．peoplestartedtoliveonthatisland

B．hethoughtpeoplecouldn'tliveonit

C．somepeoplewentbackwithhimtoGreenland

D．hesetsailfurtherwest

3．Whodoes“he”inline23referto?

A．ErictheRed.　　　　　B．Biarni.

C．Biarni'sfather.D．Eric'sfather.

4．WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A．BiarnisailedtoNewfoundlandwithLeif.

B．NewfoundlandliesnorthtoCanada.

C．NopeoplelivedinNewfoundlandwhenLeifdiscoveredit.

D．Biarni'sdirectionswereofgreatusetoLeif.

5．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A．HowtheVikingsdiscoveredAmerica.

B．ThelifeofVikingsinScandinavia.

C．ErictheRed'slifestory.

D．OldstoriesabouttheVikings.

答案：

1～5　CCBDA

Studyreading

Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.

1．AccordingtotheoldstoriesofIcelandandNorway,ErictheRedwasforcedtoleaveIcelandbecausehehadcommittedamurder,forwhichhegotintotrouble.

[句式分析]

[尝试翻译]　根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因为一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。

2．BiarniwashopingtojoinhisfatherwhowaswithEric,buthewasblownoffcourseandfoundhimselfinanunknownland,fromwhereheeventuallyreachedGreenland.

[句式分析]

[尝试翻译]　_比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被风吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个不知名的地方，从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

About97%oftheworld'swaterissaltyandisfoundinouroceansandseas.But,aswecan'tdrinkseawater,howcanitbeimportant?

Everypartofourseasandoceanscontainsanamazingnumberofanimalsandfishthatliveatdifferentoceandepths.Mostofthedifferentspeciesofanimalsandfishdependonsimpleplantsfortheirfood.Thesesimpleplantscalledalgae（海藻）driftnearthesurfaceoftheoceanandusesunlighttoturncarbondioxideandwaterintofoodandoxygen.Infact,algaeproduceoverhalfoftheoxygenpeoplebreathe.Howimportantseawateris!

Eachplantoranimalinourseasandoceansisanimportantlinkinafoodchain.Thealgaeareeateninlargeamountsbymicroscopicanimals,whichareinturnconsumedbylargeranimals.Thesefoodchainsaredelicatelybalanced.

Thebadnewsaboutthefoodchainsintheoceansisthattheyareunderthreatbecauseofman.Peopleoncethoughtthattheoceansweresobigthatitdidn'tmatterifwedumpedrubbishintothemorcaughthugequantitiesoffishandwhalesforfood.Butwenowknowthisisnottrue,andfishstocksintheoceanshavestartedtodrop.

Thankfully,theworldistakingstepstoprotectthefutureofouroceansbyintroducinginternationalagreementstoprotectmarinehabitats.Mostcountrieshaveintroducedfishingrestrictionstoprotectfishstocksintheoceans,andnewtechniquesarebeingpioneeredtocopewithpollution.Finally,theimportanceofprotectingoceansisbeingmadeknowntomorepeople.Thisisjustthebeginningofalongprocesstoprotecttheoceansforourfuture.Wedependontheoceansforfishwhichareanimportantpartofthehumandiet.Howimportantseawateris!

1．Whichofthefollowingistheproperorderofthefoodchain?

A．smallanimals→algae→microscopicanimals→largeanimals→man

B．algae→microscopicanimals→largeanimals→largeranimals→man

C．smallanimals→algae→largeanimals→microscopicanimals→man

D．microscopicanimals→algae→largeanimals→largeranimals→man

解析：

选B　细节理解题。

根据第二、三段内容可知答案。

2．Fromthepassage,welearnthat________.

A．mostfishandseaa