中考英语定语从句.docx
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中考英语定语从句.docx
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中考英语定语从句
2019年中考英语定语从句专项复习
(讲解+中考真题训练)
定语从句是全国所有中考英语必备考点,十年磨一剑,融合十年全国各地、特别是河南中考之精华,铸成中考必备之利器。
2019年中考,现在为你点亮希望的灯火,今天的备考之路就会迎来无限光明!
2019年中考英语定语从句专项讲解
一、定语从句
1、定义:
在复合句中,一个句子在句中做名词或代词的定语叫定语从句。
2、先行词:
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3、定语从句的位置:
在先行词之后。
4、引导定语从句的词叫关系词:
有关系代词和关系副词。
﹙1﹚关系代词:
that/who/whom/which/as(很少出现)
﹙2﹚关系副词:
when/where/why
5、关系词的位置:
位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
6、关系词的作用:
﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分:
A、关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。
B、关系副词在从句中充当状语。
7、定语从句的类型:
﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
A、直接由引导词引导定语从句
B、由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导
介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。
例如:
Theboy(who/whom/that)hetalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.
=TheboyaboutwhomhetalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.
﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句:
主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开。
(非限定性定语从句不在中考范围之中)。
A、直接由引导词引导定语从句。
B、由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。
二、定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
1、who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词,又作定语从句的主语,不能省略。
2、whom/who/that指人是宾格,在定语从句中代替先行词,又作定语从句的宾语(动宾或介宾)。
A、当作动宾(动词后接宾语)时,关系代词可省略。
B、当作介宾(介词后接宾语)时:
介词不提前时,关系代词可省略;
介词提前时,关系代词不可省,即介词+whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。
3、whose:
指人或物,是所有格“…的”形式。
Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语(动宾或介宾)即先行词的什么东西怎样了,whose不能省略。
4、which/that指物,指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语(动宾或介宾)。
A、当作动宾时,关系代词可省略。
B、当作介宾时:
介词不提前时,关系代词可省略;
介词提前时,关系代词不可省,即介词+which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。
5、when关系副词:
指时间。
在定语从句中作时间状语,不能省略。
此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表时间的名词)。
6、where关系副词:
指地点。
在定语从句中作地点状语,不能省略。
此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表地点的名词)。
7、why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,先行词通常为reason,不能省略。
且why引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从句。
Why=forwhich
如:
Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateyesterday.
Thereasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslateisthathemissedthebus.
但是当先行词为reason时,关系副词并非都用why.
Thisisthereason(that/which)hegave/explainedtous.
三、如何确定用关系代词还是关系副词
1、从句中缺少的是主语、宾语或定语用关系代词。
试比较:
2、从句中主谓宾结构完整,缺状语,因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词。
如:
Idon’tforgettheday(which/that)Ispentinmyschool.
(spent是及物动词,后缺宾语,因此用关系代词或省略)
Idon’tforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIgraduatedfrommyschool. (graduated后结构完整,缺状语,因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词)
四、当先行词是物时,关系代词(that/which)只用that的情况。
1、当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.
2、当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。
Hetalkedabouttheteachersandtheschool(that)hehadvisited.
3、当先行词本身是all的,用that.(allthat=what)
4、先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything,thing时,用that.
5、当先行词前有all,much,little,many,(a)few,every,some,any,no,only,thevery,oneof,theonly,thelast,thenext等修饰语时。
6、当先行词在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时,用that引导以避免混淆。
7、当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时,用that.
Helikesthegirlthatsheusedtobe.
当先行词是物时,关系代词(that/which)只用which的情况。
1.作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时。
Theroominwhichhelivesisverylarge.
五、其他特殊情况:
1、先行词是these,those指人时,关系代词只用who.
Thosewhoareplayingovertherearemystudents.
2、先行词是人称代词(he,she…)时,关系代词只用who.
Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
3、不定代词someone,anyone,everyone,noone,somebody,anybody,everybody作先行词时,关系代词用who.
4、先行词是theonlyoneof+可数名词复数,在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语用单数形式(因为此时的先行词是theonlyone,而不是of后的可数名词复数).
如:
Thisistheonlyoneofthebooksthatisborrowed.
六、从句中谓语动词的形式问题
1、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词应和先行词的人称和数保持一致。
ThisisoneofthebookswhichwerewrittenbyMarkTwain.这是马克吐温所写的书中的一本。
(先行词是books,因此动词应用were.)
2、“oneofthe+复数名词”后的定语从句中谓语动词的单复数情况。
“oneofthe+复数名词”时,复数名词是先行词,所以谓语动词常用复数形式。
如果“oneofthe+复数名词”前面有thevery/only等修饰语,则谓语动词用单数形式,因为先行词是,而不是复数名词。
如:
HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhospeaksJapaneseinourclass.他是我们班唯一说日语的学生。
(theonlyone是先行词)
HeisoneofthestudentswhospeaksJapaneseinourclass.他是我们班里说日语的学生之一。
(students是先行词)
七、关系副词when,where的另一面考查。
1、先行词是时间的名词,并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句。
I’llneverforgetthetime(which/that)IspentinBeijing.
(time先行词在从句中做spent的宾语)
2、先行词是地点的名词,并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句。
如:
Thisisthefactory(which/that)hevisitedyesterday.
(factory先行词在从句中做visited的宾语)
2019年中考英语定语从句专项训练
1、ShaolinTemple_____liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.
A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what
2.Mr.Chenisateacher________Iwanttolearnfrom.Heissoknowledgeable.
A.which B.when C.who D.what
3.—YoulooksmartintheT-shirt_____yourdaughterboughtforyou.
—Thanksalot.
A.which B.who C.WhomD.what
4.Ilikemusic______cantouchtheheartsofpeople.
A.who B.that C.whatD.what
5.–I’dliketoreadsomeChineseclassics.Anysuggestion?
–JourneytotheWest.It’sabook_______isaboutMonkeyKing.
A.what B.who C.thatD.\
6.Tobeabettermanisthebestsoapopera_____ Ihaveeverseen.
A.that B.where C.whoD.what
7.—Doyouknowtheheroicgirl,TuYouyou?
—Yes,sheisthefirstChinese______wonaNobelprizeinscience.
A.whohave B.thathave C.whichhas D.whohas
8.—Shakespeare(莎士比亚)isagreatwriter________isconsideredasagenius(天才).
—Ithinkso.Manypeoplearoundtheworldadmirehimverymuch.
A.when B.who C.which
9. QQisatool_____ismainlyusedforpeopletotalktoothersonline.
A.which B.who C.whereD.what
10.Theatersmayhaveabrighterfutureiftheycanprovideamovieexperience______peoplecannotgetathome.
A.that B.who C.whom D.what
11.Thestudentslovetheteachers_______canmaketheirlessonsfun.
A.whom B.who C. whose D.which
12.—WhatkindofTVshowdoyouprefer?
—Iliketheones_____ makemelaugh.
A.who B.whom C.that D.what
13.Idon’tlikethepeople _____ don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.
A.who B.which C.whose D.what
14.Mygrandparentsstillliveinthatoldvillage___thelocalgovernmenthasdecidedtokeep.
A.which B.where C.when D.what
15.Shiyanisoneofthebestplaces____peoplewouldliketovisit.
A.that B.which C.where D.who
16.Thepolicemenhascaughtthethief____stoleMr.Li’swallet.
A.whose B.who C.whom D.which
17.Thewoman_____istalkingwithmymotherisourclassteacher.
A.which B.who C.whoseD.what
18.Beingblindissomething______mostpeoplecan’timagine.
A.不填 B.what C.who D.which
19.—Doyouknowthegirl _____ hasgotanAintheEnglishexam?
—Yes.Sheismyclassmate.
A.who B.which C.whom D.whose
20.XiandaoLakeinYangxinisthefamousplace______we’llvisitnextweek.
A.that B.who C.where D.whom
21.Thewatch______yougavemekeepsperfecttime.
A.who B.what C.that D../
22.Theearthistheplanet _____ providesuswitheverythingweneed,freshair,cleanwaterandsoon.It’sourdutytoprotectit.
A.who B.that C.whereD../
23.—Whichinventiondoyoulikebest?
—QQ.Itisaninvention _____ canhelpuscommunicatewithothersonlinefreely.
A.what B.that C.whoD../
24.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingcities_____Ihaveevervisited.
A.who B.that C.which D.where
25.—Whatareyoudoing,Tim?
—IamlisteningtothesongLongLive_____makesmefeelexcited.
A.which B.who C./D.what
26.–WhowonthefirstprizeinEnglishspeechcontest?
—Theprizewenttothegirl_____speechwasthemostnaturalandfluent.
A.that B.who C.whose D../
27.Thewoman_______isstandingunderthetreeismyaunt.
A.what B.which C.who D.where
28.Ifyouswimintheriverorlake,you’dbetterknow_______isbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearesomerocksinthewater.
A.who B.that C.what
29.—Haveyoufoundtheinformationaboutfamousscientists_____youcanuseforthereport?
—Notyet.I’llsearchsomeontheInternet.
A.where B.which C.what D.who
30.—Ireallywanttorelaxmyself.CouldweseeCityDangertonight?
—Sure!
Theactor_____aherousedtobeaschoolteacher.Ilikehimverymuch.
A.whoplay B.whichplays C.whoplays D.thatplay
31.Iprefermovies mesomethingtothinkabout.
A.whichgives B.thatgives C.thatgive D.whogive
32.Itoldtheteacher______Ihadseen.
A.what B.which C.where D.that
33.RunningManisaveryrelaxingTVprogram______isstillhotamongteenagers.
A.which B.what C.whoD.\
34.Davidisafantasticsinger________canplaydifferentkindsofmusic.
A.which B.who C.whomD.what
35.Thewoman________issingingontheTVshowisourEnglishteacher.
A.who B.which C.whoseD.what
36.Idon’tknowthemannearthedoor______istalkingwithProfessorWang.
A.that B.when C.where D.which
37.Sweetwormwood(青蒿)isacommonplantinChina.TuYouyouisthewoman_____usedtheplant’sspecialpowertosavemillionsoflives.
A.which B.who C.whose D./
38.—Whichsongdoyoulikebetter,Maria?
—IpreferthesongManualofYouth_____issungbyTFBOYS.
A.which B.who C.whom D.where
39.—Doyouknowtheboy_______issittingnexttoPeter?
—Yes.HeisPeter’sfriend.Theyarecelebratinghis________birthday.
A.who;ninth B.that;nine C.which;ninth D.that;theninth
40.Jacklikesbeingwiththeclassmates______areoutgoingandkind.
A.which B.who C.when D.where
2019年中考英语定语从句专项训练参考答案
1----5B CA BC 6----10ADCA A11----15BC A AA
16----20BB A AA21----25C B BBA。
26----30C CC B C 31---35CAABA 36---40ABAA A
2019年中考英语定语从句专项训练之河南十年中考真题
1、It’stimetosaygoodbyetomyschool.I’llalway
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