初中英语时态之一一般过去时总结.docx
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初中英语时态之一一般过去时总结.docx
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初中英语时态之一一般过去时总结
一般过去时(simplepasttense)表示过去某个时间里发生的非持续性动作或存在的状态,用动词的过去式表示,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:
yesterday,lastnight,in1990,twodaysago,before,theageof等。
一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often,always等表示频率的时间状语连用。
表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
一般过去时不需考虑第三人称单数(简称三单)的变化。
句法结构
肯定形式
主语+动词过去式+其他
例句:
Sheoftencametohelpusinthosedays.
否定形式
①was/were+not;
②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词
例句:
Ididn'tknowyoulikecoffee.
一般疑问句
1Did+主语+谓语动词原型+其他?
2②Was\Were+主语+表语?
例句:
DidIdohomework?
需要注意Be动词、情态动词、实意动词的变化
1.Be动词的一般过去时态.
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,amis的过去式为was;are的过去式为were.
构成:
肯定句:
主语+was(were)+表语
如:
Iwaslateyesterday.(昨天我迟到了。
)
否定句:
主语+was(were)+not+表语
如:
Weweren'tlateyesterday.(我们昨天没有迟到)
【注意】:
当句中含有系动词was,were时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。
如:
IwasontheInternt
whenyoucalledme.当你打电话给我时,我在上网。
→:
Iwasnot/wasn'tontheInterntwhenyoucalledme.当你打电话给我时,我不在上网。
疑问句:
Was(Were)+主语+表语当谓语动词提前并直接或间接表达注意时态
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+was(were)+主语+表语
2.实义动词的一般过去时态
肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does的过去式did.
否定句:
主语+didn't+动词原形+宾语
疑问句:
Did+主语+动词原形+宾语
3.助动词和情态动词过去式如下:
shall―should(将要)用于第一人称单数
will―would(将要)用于所有人称
can—could(能,会)may―might(可以)must―must(必须)
haveto―hadto(不得不)
助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词还使用原形。
如:
Ihadtodomyhomeworkyesterday.(昨天我不得不做作业。
)
一般过去时-三变技巧
一变:
肯定句变为否定句
技巧1.当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。
例如:
Icouldgetyouaconcertticket.→Icouldnot/couldn'tgetyouaconcertticket.
技巧2.当句中含有系动词was,were时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。
例如:
IwasontheInternetwhenyoucalledme.→Iwasnot/wasn'tontheInternetwhenyoucalledme.
技巧3.当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was,were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加didnot/didn't,动词还原,构成否定句。
例如:
ThefamoussingersangsomeChinesesongs.→Thefamoussingerdidnot/didn'tsinganyChinesesongs.
二变:
陈述句变为一般疑问句
技巧1.移动词语的位置。
将was,were,could,would,should等移到句首。
例如:
Hecouldpackhisthingshimself.→Couldhepackhisthingshimself?
技巧2.添加助动词did。
谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was,were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。
例如:
Mr.Lilookedveryold.→DidMrLilookveryold?
三变:
陈述句变为特殊疑问句
技巧1.确定疑问词:
人who/whom,物what,地点where,时间when/whattime,原因why,频率howoften,长度howlong,距离howfar等等。
例如:
Theygavetheconcertlastnight.→Whendidtheygivetheconcert?
技巧2.辨认结构形式:
疑问词+情态动词/助动词/was/were/did+主语+...?
例如:
Theaccidenthappenednearthestation.→Wheredidtheaccidenthappen?
用法
(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。
一般不强调动作的影响,只说明的事情。
句式:
主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它
IhadawordwithJuliathismorning.今天早晨,我跟朱莉娅说了几句话。
Hesmokedmanycigarettesadayuntilhegaveup.他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。
(2)一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:
yesterday,lastweek,inthepast,in1993,atthattime,once,duringthewar,before,afewdaysago,when等等.
注意
在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。
(4)表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时。
这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。
Theboyopenedhiseyesforamoment,lookedatthecaptain,andthendied.
那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。
(5)表示在此之前一段时间内经常或反复的动作。
常与always,never等连用。
Mrs.Peteralwayscarriedanumbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她是否常带着伞。
)
与其他时态的比较
Mrs.Peteralwayscarriesanumbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。
(说明这是她的习惯,表明她仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)
Mrs.Peterisalwayscarryinganumbrella.彼得太太总是带着一把伞。
(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)
Ineverdrankwine.我以前从不喝酒。
(不涉及到说明是否喝酒)
(6)如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用usedtodo(过去常常做,而不那样做了)
Heusedtodrinkalcohol.他过去喝酒。
(意味着他不喝酒了。
喝酒这个动作终止了)
Iusedtotakeawalkinthemorning.我过去是在早晨散步。
(意味着不在早晨散步了)
与其他时态的比较
Itookawalkinthemorning.我曾经在早晨散过步。
(只是说明过去这一动作)
(7)有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意!
Ididn''tknowyouwereinParis.我不知道你在巴黎。
(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。
这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。
实际上,这句话暗指:
ButnowIknowyouarehere.)
Ithoughtyouwereill.我以为你病了呢。
(这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。
但是我知道你没病)
肯定式
疑问式
否定式
疑问否定式
Iworked
DidIwork?
Ididnotwork
DidInotwork?
He(She,It)worked
Didhe(she,it)work?
He(she,it)didnotwork
Didhe(she,it)notwork?
Weworked
Didwework?
Wedidnotwork
Didwenotwork?
Youworked
Didyouwork?
Youdidnotwork
Didyounotwork?
Theyworked
Didtheywork?
Theydidnotwork
Didtheynotwork?
一般过去时练习题
一、单项选择:
从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。
( )1. My father_______ill yesterday.
A. isn't B. aren't C. wasn't D. weren't
( )2._______your parents at home last week﹖
A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were
( )3. The twins_______in Dalian last year. They_______here now.
A. are; were B. were; are C. was; are D. were; was
( )4._______your father at work the day_______yesterday(前天)A. Was; before B. Is; before C. Was; after D. Is; after
( )5.—Who was on duty last Friday﹖
—_______.
A. I am B. I was C. Yes, I was D. No, I wasn't
二、请用正确动词形式填空。
1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday?
No, she_________.
3.--- What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?
---He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.
4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.
5. ---She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.
---She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.
三、翻译下列句子
1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。
I_________ _________ __________ __________ exciting weekend.
2. Jenny喜欢看书。
昨晚她看了一本英语书。
Jenny likes _________ __________. She _________ an English book last night.
3. Emma每天都看电视。
可是昨天他没有看。
Emma__________ TV every day. But he _________ ________ ________ yesterday.
4. 上周六他们做什么了?
他们做作业和购物了。
What ________ they _________ _________ Saturday?
They _________ __________ homework and _________ __________.
5. 今天早上方方得做饭,因为他父亲不在家。
This morning Fangfang ____ ____ ____ ____ because his father _____ _____ ____ yesterday.
四、改写句子:
1、Lucy did her homework at home.(改否定句)Lucy ________ _______ her homework at home.
2、He found some meat in the fridge(冰箱).(变一般疑问句)
___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?
3、There was some orange in the cup.(变一般疑问句)
_______ there _______ orange in the cup?
4. Frank read an interesting book about history. (一般疑问句)
_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?
5. Why not go out for a walk?
(同义句) _______ ________ ________ out for a walk?
五、 改错题
1.How is Jane yesterday?
_____________________
2.He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________
3.He often goes home at 6:
00 last month. ____________________________
4.I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________
5.Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________
六、完形填空(10)
Tom did not like doing his homework,because he liked to do some 1 things after school.And his teacher always 2 a lot of mistakes in his homework.
Then one day,his maths teacher 3 at Tom’s homework and saw that he got all his answers right.He was very 4 and surprised.The next morning before class,he called Tom 5 his desk and 6 to him,”You got all your homework right this time.Did your father help you?
”Sometimes Tom’s father helped him with his homework, 7 this time he didn’t help Tom because he 8 at home.So Tom answered,”NO,Sir.He Was busy last night,so I 9 to do it 10 .”
( )1.A.others B.another C.the other D.other
( )2.A.made B.found C.looked at D.looked
( )3.A.laughed B.knocked C.looked D.saw
( )4.A.please B.pleased C.pleasureD.sad
( )5.A.toB.for C.in D.at
( )6.A.talked B.asked C.spoke D.said
( )7.A.and B.but C.so D.or
( )8.A.isn’t B.won’t be C.wasn’t D.can’t be
( )9.A.wanted B.mustn’t C.liked D.had
( )10.A.itself B.of them C.myself D.himself
答案
一、单项选择:
1---5 CDBAB
二、1.had 2. Did; practice; didn't
3.did; do; watched; read 4.went
三、1.spent a busy but 2.reading books; read
3.watches; didn't watch TV 4.did; do last; did their; went shopping 5.had to cook breakfast; wasn't at home
四、1.didn't do 2. Did; find any 3. Was; any
4. Did; read 5. Why don't you go
五、1.is------was 2.go-------went 3.goes------went
4.can-------could 5.saw------see
六、1----5 DBCBA 6------10 DBCDC
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