英语英语阅读理解专项及解析.docx
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英语英语阅读理解专项及解析.docx
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英语英语阅读理解专项及解析
【英语】英语阅读理解专项及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
ArobotcreatedbyWashingtonStateUniversity(WSU)scientistscouldhelpelderlypeoplewithdementia(痴呆)andotherlimitationsliveindependentlyintheirownhomes.
TheRobotActivitySupportSystemorRAS,usessensorsinstalledinaWSUsmarthometodeterminewhereitsresidentsare,whattheyaredoingandwhentheyneedassistancewithdailyactivities.Itnavigates(定位)throughroomsandaroundobstaclestofindpeopleonitsown,providesvideoinstructionsonhowtodosimpletasksandcanevenleaditsownertoobjectsliketheirmedicationorasnackinthekitchen.
"RAScombinestheconvenienceofamobilerobotwiththeactivitydetectiontechnologyofaWSUsmarthometoprovideassistanceinthemoment,astheneedforhelpisdetected,"saidBryanMinor,apostdoctoralresearcherintheWSUSchoolofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience.
Currently,anestimated50percentofadultsovertheageof85needassistancewitheverydayactivitiessuchaspreparingmealsandtakingmedicationandtheannualcostforthisassistanceintheUSisnearly$2trillion.Withthenumberofadultsover85expectedtotripleby2050,researchershopethattechnologieslikeRASandtheWSUsmarthomewillrelievesomeofthefinancialstrainonthehealthcaresystembymakingiteasierforolderadultstolivealone.
RASisthefirstrobotresearchershavetriedtoincorporateintotheirsmarthomeenvironment.TheyrecentlypublishedastudyinthejournalCognitiveSystemsResearchthatdemonstrateshowRAScouldmakelifeeasierforolderadultsstrugglingtoliveindependently.
"Whilewearestillinanearlystageofdevelopment,ourinitialresultswithRAShavebeenpromising,"Minorsaid."ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performancewithagroupofolderadultstogetabetterideaofwhatprompts,videoremindersandotherpreferencestheyhaveregardingtherobot."
(1)HowdoesRASserveelderlypeople?
A. Throughsensors.
B. Throughobjects.
C. Throughamobilerobot.
D. Throughtheirdailyactivities.
(2)WhatcanweknowaboutRAS?
A. Itisthefirstrobotusedindailylife.
B. Itsfunctionremainstobetested.
C. Itcanlocatepeopleanddoanytask.
D. Itcancookforownersonitsown.
(3)What'sMinor'sattitudetowardthefutureofRAS?
A. Doubtful.
B. Negative.
C. Optimistic.
D. Uncertain.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A. Elderlypeopleleavethenursinghome.
B. SmartHomeTestsfirstelder-Carerobot.
C. RAS,thefirstrobottomakehomesmart.
D. OlderadultshavebenefitedfromRAS.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)B
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人,可以帮助那些痴呆或有身体缺陷的老年人在家里过上自立的生活。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据章第二段中的“TheRobotActivitySupportSystem,orRAS,usessensors(传感器)equippedinaWSUsmarthometodeterminewhereitsresidentsare,whattheyaredoingandwhentheyneedassistancewithdailyactivities”可知机器人活动支持系统(RAS)使用WSU智能家居中配备的传感器(传感器)来确定其居民在哪里,他们在做什么以及何时需要日常活动的帮助,说明传感器起到了重大的作用,故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performance…”可知,这台机器人的表现还要经过进一步的测,说明正在测试阶段,故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Whilewearestillinanearlystageofdevelopment,ourinitialresultswithRAShavebeenpromising”可知,Minor对这款机器人的未来发展充满信心、非常乐观,故选C。
(4)考查主旨大意。
纵观全文可知,本文介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人。
再根据最后一段中的“ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performance”可知,机器人目前还在华盛顿州立大学的智能屋里进行测试,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists(人类学家).Descriptionslike"Palaeolithic(旧石器时代的)Man"."Neolithic(新石器时代的)Man",etc.neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel"LeglessMan".Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:
"inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Andthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn'tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday."
Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprived(剥夺)oftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird's-eyeviewoftheworld.Whenyoutravelbycarortrain,anunclearpictureofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardrivers,especially,aremixedwiththeurgetogoonandon:
theyneverwanttostop.Thetypicaltwentieth-centurytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays"I'vebeenthere."Youmentiontheremotest,andsomeoneisboundtosay"I'vebeenthere"-meaning,"Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse."
Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:
youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrival,whenitisachieved,ismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethis,yoususpendallexperience.Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:
hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicaltiredness.Heknowsthatsound,satisfyingsleepwillbehis:
thejustrewardofalltruetravelers.
(1)Anthropologistslabelmannowadays"LeglessMan"because_____.
A. peopleprefercars,busesandtrains
B. peopleusetheirlegslessandless
C. liftspreventpeoplefromwalking
D. peopletravelwithoutusinglegs
(2)Accordingtothepassage,whatmightmakepeoplelosetherightofusingtheireyes?
A. themodernmeansoftransportation.
B. Abird's-eyeviewoftheworld.
C. Theunclearsightfromthevehicles.
D. Thefast-pacedlifestyle.
(3)Fromthepassage,weknowtravelingathighspeedsmeans_______.
A. appreciatingbeautifulscenery
B. experiencinglifeskills
C. focusingonthenextdestination
D. feelingphysicaltiredness
(4)Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?
A. Moderntransportationdeviceshavereplacedlegs.
B. Travelingmakestheworldasmallplace.
C. Human'shistorydevelopsveryfast.
D. Thebestwaytotravelisonfoot.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)C
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,由于种种现代化交通设施,人们不需用脚走路,甚至也不需要用眼看风景,出门就坐汽车、公交车、地铁、飞机…… 汽车、飞机速度飞快,外边的景物难以看清,最终导致人们忘记用脚、用眼,成为“无脚之人”,一切都经历不到。
作者建议最佳的旅游方法是徒步——经历现实。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel‘LeglessMan’.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:
"inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Andthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn'tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday."可知,人类学家给人类贴上了“无腿人”的标签,因为人们使用腿越来越少了。
故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprived(剥夺)oftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird's-eyeviewoftheworld.”可知,根据这篇文章,快节奏的生活方式会让人们失去使用眼睛的权利。
故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:
youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.”可知,我们知道高速旅行意味着关注下一个目的地。
故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:
hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicaltiredness.Heknowsthatsound,satisfyingsleepwillbehis:
thejustrewardofalltruetravelers.”可知,旅行的最好方法是步行。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
TheotherdayIwasshoppingatthelocalChinesegrocerystore.Therewasalineatthefishcounter,butonlyonestaffpersonwastheretotakecareofthecustomers.Somecustomersorderedquiteanamountoffishforthatstaffpersontoworkon.AtlastIwasthesecondinline.AllIwantedwasacoupleofcrabsandshouldgetoutofthereinnotime.
Noticingitwasverybusyatthefishcounter,anotherstaffpersoncameovertohelp.Iwasreadytobeserved,butthestaffpersonwenttotheendofthelineandbegantohelpacoupleofladieswithsnail(蜗牛).Thecustomersinfrontofme,beingserved,turnedaroundandlookedatmesympatheticallyandthecustomerbehindmecalledtothestaffperson,“Youshouldstarthere,”pointingatme.Hewas,well,ignored.
Ifsomeoneaskedme,"WhatisthemostimportantruletofollowinAmerica?
"Iwouldreplywithouthesitation."Waityourturnatalltimes."Whereveryougohereinthiscountry,youwillfindpeoplewaitinginalinequietlytogetanything:
whetherinthesupermarkets,departmentstores,busstops,orgasstations,it'sjustamatterofwaitingyourturn.Inalargersense,"waityourturn"ismorethanjustaguideline—itisaverybasicrulethatreflectsthefundamentalvalueofthew
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