《新编跨文化交际英语教程》复习资料U5.docx
- 文档编号:3884087
- 上传时间:2022-11-26
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:9
- 大小:21.72KB
《新编跨文化交际英语教程》复习资料U5.docx
《《新编跨文化交际英语教程》复习资料U5.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《《新编跨文化交际英语教程》复习资料U5.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
新编跨文化交际英语教程复习资料新编跨文化交际英语教程复习资料U5Unit5CultureandVerbalCommunicationSomeIdeasRelatedtoverbalcommunicationandculture1.DifferentorientationstocommunicationpatternsEastAsianorientation1.processorientationcommunicationisperceivedasaprocessofinfiniteinterpretation2.differentiatedlinguisticcodesdifferentlinguisticscodesareuseddependinguponpersonsinvoIvedandsituations3.indirectcommunicationemphasistheuseofindirectcommunicationisprevalentandacceptedasnormative4.receivercenteredmeaningisintheinterpretation.Emphasisisonlistening,sensitivity,andremovalofpreconception.NorthAmericanorientationmunicationisperceivedasthetransfereneeofmessages2.LessdifferentiatedlinguisticcodeslinguisticcodesarenotasextensivelydifferentiatedasEastAsia3.Directcommunicationemphasisdirectcommunicationisnormdespitetheextensiveuseofindirectcommunication4.sendercenteredmeaningisinthemessagecreatedbythesender.Emphasisisonhowtoformulatethebestmessage,howtoimprovesourcecredibilityanddeliveryskills2.DirectandIndirectVerbalInteractionStylesThetoneofvoice,thespeakersintention,andtheverbalcontentreflectourwayofspeaking,ourverbalstyle,whichinturnreflectsourculturalandpersonalvaluesandsentiments.Verbalstyleframes“hoWamessageshouldbeinterpreted.Thedirect-indirectverbalinteractiondimensioncanbethoughtofasstraddlingacontinuum.Individualsinallculturesusethegradationsofalltheseverbalstyles,dependingonroleidentities,interactiongoals,andsituations.However,inindividualisticcultures,peopletendtoencountermoresituationsthatemphasizethepreferentialuseofdirecttalk,person-orientedverbalinteraction,verbalself-enhancement,andtalkativeness.Incontrast,incollectivisticcultures,peopletendtoencountermoresituationsthatemphasizethepreferentialuseofindirecttalk,status-orientedverbalinteraction,verbalself-effacement,andsilenee.Thedirectandindirectstylesdifferintheextenttowhichcommunicatorsrevealtheirintentionsthroughtheirtoneofvoiceandthestraightforwardnessoftheircontentmessage.Inthedirectverbalstyle,statementsclearlyrevealthespeakersintentionsandareenunciatedinaforthrighttoneofvoice.Intheindirectverbalstyle,ontheotherhand,verbalstatementstendtocamouflagethespeakersactualintentionsandarecarriedoutwithmorenuancedtoneofvoice.Forexample,theoverall.Americanverbalstyleoftencallsforclearanddirectcommunication.Phrasessuchas“saywhatyoumean,”“dontbeataroundthebush,”and“gettothepoint”aresomeexamples.Thedirectverbalstyleofthelarger.cultureisreflectiveofitslow-contextcommunicationcharacter.3.Person-OrientedandStatus-OrientedVerbalStylesTheperson-orientedverbalstyleisindividual-centeredverbalmodethatemphasizestheimportaneeofinformalityandrolesuspension.Thestatus-orientedverbalstyleisarole-centeredverbalmodethatemphasizesformalityandlargepowerdistanee.Theformeremphasizestheimportaneeofsymmetricalinteraction,whereasthelatterstressesasymmetricalinteraction.Theperson-orientedverbalstyleemphasizestheimportaneeofrespectingunique,personalidentitiesintheinteraction.Thestatus-orientedverbalstyleemphasizestheimportaneeofhonoringprescribedpower-basedmembershipidentities.Thosewhoengageinstatus-orientedverbalinteractionusespecificvocabulariesandparalinguisticfeaturestoaccentuatethestatusdistaneeoftherolerelationships.,inparent-childinteraction,superior-subordinaterelations,andmale-femaleinteractioninmanyLatinAmericancultures).Whilelow-contextculturestendtoemphasizetheuseoftheperson-orientedverbalstyle,high-contextculturestendtovaluethestatus-orientedverbalmode.4.Self-EnhancementandSelf-EffacementVerbalStylesTheself-enhancementverbalstyleemphasizestheimportaneeofboastingaboutonesaccomplishmentsandabilities.Theself-effacementverbalstyle,ontheotherhand,emphasizestheimportaneeofhumblingoneselfviaverbalrestraints,hesitations,modesttalk,andtheuseofself-deprecationconcerningoneseffortorperformanee.Forexample,inmanyAsiancultures,self-effacementtalkisexpectedtosignalmodestyorhumility.InJapan,whenoneofferssomethingtoanotherpersonsuchasagiftoramealthatonehasprepared,verbalself-deprecationisexpected.Therearesetexpressionsforverbalhumilitysuchas“Itsnotverytasty”and“Itsnothingspecial.”Thehostesswhoapologizestohergueststhat“Thereisnothingspecialtoofferyou”hasprobablysentthebetterpartoftwodaysplanningandpreparingthemeal.Ofcoursetheguestshouldprotestsuchadisclaimerandreemphasizeherorhisgratitude.Self-effacementisanecessarypartofJapanesepolitenessrituals.Inthe.culture,individualsareencouragedtosellandboastaboutthemselves,forexample,inperformaneerevieworjobinterviewsessions,orelsenoonewouldnoticetheiraccomplishments.However,thenotionofmerchandizingoneselfdoesnotsetwellwiththeJapanese.InJapan,onedoesnotliketostandoutorbesingledout,evenbyothers;itisfarworsetopromoteoneself.InmanyAsiancultures,individualsbelievethatiftheirperformaneeisgood,theirbehaviorwillbenoticed,forexample,bytheirsupervisorsduringpromotionreviewsituations.However,fromtheWesternculturalstandpoint,ifmyperformaneeisgood,Ishoulddocumentorboastaboutitsothatmysupervisorwillbesuretotakenotice.Thisdiffereneeisprobablyduetotheobserver-sensitivevalueoftheAsian,high-contextcommunicationpattern,asopposedtothesender-responsiblevalueoftheWestern,low-contextinteractionpattern.Weshouldnotethatthepatternofverbalself-effacementcannotbegeneralizedtomanyAraborAfricancultures.InEgypt,forexample,apopularsayingis“Makeyourharvestlookbig,lestyourenemiesrejoice”.Effusiveverbalself-enhancementiscriticaltotheenhancementofonesfaceorhonorinsomelargepowerdistaneeArabcultures.ReadingIUnderstandingtheCultureofConversationComprehensionquestions1.WhatmadetheauthorfeellearningtoconverseinMexicoCitywaseasierforhim/herinoneway,moredifficultinanotherItseasierbecauseMexicansservicetherelationshipandtheycareabouteveryoneintheconversation.Buttheirconversationdoesntmoveinastraightline,driftingaroundbothinthetopicandinthewaytheyusewords.2.WhydidtheMexicancustomerslideintothetopicofthefulleclipseofthesunFortheMexican,theconversationstartswithonetopic,butifanotherinterestingtopicseepsinheorshewillrideitaroundforawhile.Stickingtothefirsttopicislessimportantthanhavinganinterestingconversation.3.WhatdidtheAmericanbusinessmanfeelabouttheMexican?
swayofconversationFortheAmerican,aconversationshouldhaveatopic,andhewantstotakeastraightlinethroughitfrombeginningtoend.SohefeltveryimpatientabouttheMexicanswayofconversation.4.What“conversationalideal”wasrepresentedbytheexampleofachampionshipskierwhowasinterviewedonTVTheSwedishconversationalidealistoresponseinaconcisemannerwithoutelaboratingspecificdetails,especiallythoseforself-promotion.5.WhatproblemsarelikelytooccurifanAmericantalkswithaSwedeTheAmericanmayfeeltotallylostintheconversationsinceheorshewouldnotgetasmuchinformationfromtheSwedeasheorshehasexpected.6.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenAnglosandAthabaskansinconversationTherearealotdifferencesbetweenthem.Forinstanee,atthebeginningofaconversation,Anglosalmostalwaysspeakfirst.Athabaskansthinkitisimportanttoknowwhatthesocialrelationshipisbeforetheytalkwithsomeone.Thereisanotherdifferenceinhowlongoneshouldtalk.AthabaskanstendtohaveIongerturnswhentheytalkwitheachother,butAnglosexpectshorterturns.7.IsitenoughjusttolearntospeakingrammaticallycorrectmannerswhenonelearnsaforeignIanguageWhatelsedoesheorshealsoneedtoknowItisfarfromenoughjusttolearntospeakingrammaticallycorrectmannerswhenonelearnsaforeignIanguage.OnealsohastoknowaboutthecultureofusingtheIanguageinsociallife,thingslikewhotalksfirst,whotalksnext,whoopensandclosesconversationsandhowtheydoit,inordertobeabletousetheIanguageinculturallyappropriatemanners.8.InwhatwaysareChinesesimilartoordifferentfromtheAmericans,MexicansandSwedesItseemsthatweChinesearesomewhatsimilartoMexicansinthewaywearehavingaconversation.UnlikeAmericans,wedonotusuallymoveinastraightlineinaconversationandmayalsocaremuchabouttheothersfeeling.ReadingIITheWayPeopleSpeakComprehensionquestions1.Whydidn?
ttheAmericanopenlydisagreewiththeItalianIngeneral,theAmericandidnotenjoyverbalconflictsoverpoliticsoranythingelse.2.Whatarethedifferencesbetween“highinvoIvement”styleand“highconsiderateness”styleManypeoplefromculturesthatpreferhighinvoIvementstylestendto:
(1)talkmore;
(2)interruptmore;(3)expecttobeinterrupted;(4)talkmoreloudlyattimes;and(5)talkmorequicklythanthosefromculturesfavoringhighconsideratenessstyles.Ontheotherhand,peoplefromculturesthatfavorhighconsideratenessstylestendto:
(1)speakoneatatime;
(2)usepolitelisteningsounds;(3)refrainfrominterrupting;and(4)giveplentyofpositiveandrespectfulrespo
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 新编跨文化交际英语教程 新编 文化 交际 英语 教程 复习资料 U5