高三英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists练习新人教版必修5.docx
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高三英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists练习新人教版必修5.docx
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高三英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists练习新人教版必修5
Unit1 Greatscientists
阅读理解·组块专练——练速度
(限时:
35分钟)
Ⅰ。
阅读理解
A
(2017·衡阳高三一模)Therehasbeenacontroversybetweenanimalrightssupportersandscientistsaboutwhetheritisrighttouseanimalstofindcuresforhumandiseasesinexperimentalresearch.Personally,iftherearenootheralternatives,andifitispossiblethatthiswillcontributetoscience,animalsmaybeusedforexperimentalresearch。
Theanimalrightssupporterslabelscientistsas“cruel”forcausinganimalstodieinmedicalexperiments,whiletheydonotopposethepeople,mostlyfarmers,whokillanimalsforfood。
Someevenclaimthatpeopleandanimalsareequalandtheyshouldbetreatedequally。
Butcanthedeathofananimalbethesamethingasthedeathofaperson?
Ithinkcausinganimalstodieforscienceorforsavinghumanlivesmaybeconsideredethical(伦理的),ifitwillcontributetotheadvancementofscienceandhumanhealthingeneral.
Anotherbasicargumentofanimalrightssupportersisthatpeopleandanimalsaredifferentgenetically.Theyclaimthatitwillmakenogoodtouseanimalsinexperimentsbecausetheyaretoodifferenttobecomparedtopeople.Someofthemevenstatethatitisbettertousepeopledirectlyastheythinkthattheresultsofexperimentsonanimalscannotbevalidandreliableaslongasthesameobservationhasnotbeendoneonman。
However,thesepeoplecannotforeseethedisastrousresultsofsuchapractice.Manypeoplearelikelytodieuntilahealthyresultisobtained。
Peopleandanimalsmaynotbethesame,buttosomedegree,scientistsarerighttouseanimalmodelstodosomeexperimentsthatcouldnotbeachievedinhuman。
Therearealsoalotofexampleswhichshowthatusinganimalsresultedinsignificantdevelopmentsandhelpedtocuresomeseriousillnesses.
Allinall,usinganimalsformedicalresearchisethicalaslongasitcontributestoscientificdevelopmentandhumanhealth。
Andthispracticeisonlyacceptableontheconditionthatanimalsaretreatedhumanely。
语篇解读:
本文是一篇议论文,主要论述了动物权利支持者和科学家之间关于用动物进行医学试验研究以寻找治疗人类疾病的方法是否正确的争议。
作者认为动物可以被用于医学研究并针对此论点进行了分析论证。
1.Animalrightssupportersholdtheopinionthat________.
A.farmershavethelegalrightstokillanimals
B.causi
nganimalstodieforscienceisacceptable
C.scientistsaretoblameforkillinganimalsforresearch
D.animalsandpeoplearenotdifferentgenetically
解析:
选C 细节理解题.根据第二段第一句可知,动物权利支持者认为科学家应对科学研究致使动物死亡负责。
故选C.
2.Wecaninferthattheauthor________。
A.seemstobeananimalrightssupporter
B.doesexperimentalresearchonanimals
C.isconcernedaboutthefutureofanimals
D.agreesthatanimalscanbeusedinmedicalresearch
解析:
选D 推理判断题。
根据第一段最后一句及最后一段内容可推知,作者同意用动物进行医学研究.故选D。
3.Accordingtothetext,itisafactthat________。
A.itisalwaysillegaltouseanimalsforexperimentalresearch
B.usinganimalsformedicalexperimentscontributestocuring
someseriousillnesses
C.usingpeoplemodelsisagainstthelawandregardedascruel
D.itmakesnodifferencewhethertouseanimalsorpeopleforexperimentalresearch
解析:
选B 细节理解题。
根据第三段最后一句可知,B项所述是事实。
故选B。
B
Peoplehavebeenwonderingwh
yelephantsdonotdevelopcancereventhough
theyhavelifespans(寿命)thataresimilartohumans,livingforaround50to70years。
Nowscientistsbelievetheyknowwhy.AteamattheUniversityofChicago,UShasfoundthatelephantscarryalargenumberofgenesthatstoptumors(肿瘤)developing.Tobeprecise,theyfound20copiesofananti.tumorgenecalledTP53inelephants。
Mostotherspecies,includinghumans,onlycarryonecopy。
Accordingtotheresearch,theextracopiesofthegeneimprovedtheanimal'ssensitivitytoDNAdamage,whichletsthecellsquicklykillthemselveswhendamagedbeforetheycangoontoformdeadlytumors.
“Anincreasedriskofdevelopingcancerhasstoodinthewayoftheevolutionoflargebodysizesinmanyanimals,”thestudyauthorDrVincentLynchtoldTheGuardian.Ifeverylivingcellhasthesamechanceofbecomingcancerous(癌变的),largecreatureswithalonglifespanlikewhalesandelephantsshouldhaveagreaterriskofdevelopingcancerthanhumansandmice.Butacrossspecies,theriskofcancerdoesnotshowaconnectionwithbodymass.
This_phenomenonwasfoundbyOxfordUniversityscientistRichardPetointhe1970sandlaternamed“Peto’sparadox(悖论)”。
Biologistsbelieveitresultsfromlargeranimalsusingprotectionthatmanysmalleranimalsdo
not。
Intheelephant'scase,themakingofTP53isnature’swayofkeepingthisspeciesalive.
Thestudyalsofoundthatwhenthesamegeneswerebroughttolifeinmice,theyhadthesamecancerresistanceaselephants.Thismeansresearcherscouldusethediscoverytodevelopnewtreatmentsthatcanhelpstopcancerspreadingorevendevelopinginthefirstplace.
“Naturehasalreadyfiguredouthowtopreventcancer,"saidJoshuaSchiffman,abiologistattheSchoolofMedicine,UniversityofUtah,US.“It'suptoustolearnhowdifferentanimalsdealwiththeproblemsothatwecanusethosestrategiestopreventcancerinpeople。
”
语篇解读
:
科学家研究发现,大象不患癌症是因为它们的体内有很多阻止肿瘤生长的基因TP53,人类有望通过研究TP53来预防癌症。
4.Whyareelephantsunlikelytodevelopcancer?
A.Theyhavearatherlargebodysize。
B.TheirgenessuffernoDNAdamage.
C.Certaingenesintheirbodykillexistingtumors。
D.Theycarrymanygenestopreventtumorsdeveloping。
解析:
选D 细节理解题。
根据第二段的第二句“AteamattheUniversityofChicago,UShasfoundthatelephantscarryalargenumberofgenesthatstoptumors(肿瘤)developing。
"可知,因为大象体内有许多阻止肿瘤生长的基因,所以大象不患癌症,D项正确.
5.Accordingtothepassage,whathasbeenariskintheevolutionoflargeanimals?
A.Deadlytumors。
B.Thehugebodymass.
C.Cellskillingthemselves.
D.SensitivitytoDNAdamage。
解析:
选A 细节理解题。
根据第四段第一句中的“Anincreasedriskofdevelopingcancerhasstoodinthewayoftheevolutionoflargebodysizesinmanyanimals"可知,许多大型动物在进化过程中有患癌症的风险,故A项正确。
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Thisphenomenon"inParagraph5probablyreferto?
A.LargeranimalshaveprotectionfromTP53。
B.Theriskofcancerisnotrelatedtobodysize。
C.Largeranimalssufferthesameriskofcancerassmallerones。
D.Thehugeranimalsare,thebiggerriskofcancertheywillhave.
解析:
选B 指代判断题。
根据第四段的最后一句“Butacrossspecies,theriskofcancerdoesnotshowaconnectionwithbodymass。
”可知,Thisphenomenon指代患癌症的风险和动物的大小无关,故B项正确。
7.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?
A.Dependingonnatureissurelyenoughtofightagainstcancer.
B.TheTP53geneshaveprovedusefulinstoppingcancerinpeople.
C.HumansareexpectedtopreventcancerwiththemakingofTP53。
D.Theextracopiesofelephants’genesareusedtocurecancerpatients。
解析:
选C 推理判断题。
根据文章的最后一句“It’suptoustolearnhow。
。
。
preventcancerinpeople.”并结合上
文陈述的在大象身上发现阻止肿瘤生长的基因TP53可以判断,人们有望通过制造TP53来预防癌症,故C项正确。
C
“WaltDisneyWorldisbanningse
lfie.sticksfromitsthemeparksbecauseselfie。
stickshavebecomeagrowingsafetyconcernforbothourguestsandcast,”DisneyWorldspokeswomanKimPruntysaid。
Underanewpolicy,whichtakeseffectTuesday,thepoleswon'tmakeitpastthebagcheckatanyDisneyWorldthemepark.Thesticksalsowon’tbeallowedinDisneyWorldwaterparksorDisneyQuest,agamingattractionatDowntownDisney.Selfie.stickswillalsobecomeforbiddenatDisneylandResortinCaliforniaonJune30.TheprohibitionbeginsatDisney'sparksinParisandHongKongonJuly1.
Guestswillbecheckedfortheequipmentduringtheroutinebagcheckthathappensneartheparks’entrances.Theywillhaveanoptionofturningintheirselfiesticksforpick。
uplaterortogobacktotheircarsorhotelroomstokeepthem.Visitorswillbetoldofthepolicyinlocationssuchastheparkinglotsandattheresort’shotels.TheprohibitionwillbeaddedtotheparkrulespostonDisneyWorld'swebsite。
TheissuehasbeenbuildingatDisney.Previously,thestickswereprohibitedfromitsrides,and“noselfie。
sticks”signswereatselectrides,suchasBigThunderMountainRailroadatMagicKingdom。
Castmembershavegivenoralwarningstorulebreakers.
Selfie。
stickusersputsmartphonesandcamerasontheendsofpolestoextendtheirreach,frequentlycapturingtheme.parkmomentsthroughself。
portraits。
Thetoolshavebeenbannedinpublicplaces—includingsomemuseumsandstadiums-worldwideforobstructingviewsorcausingsafetyissues.
DisneyWorldalreadyprohibitsitemssuchasskateboards,inlineskates,wagon,foldingchairsandglasscontainers,accordingtoitsofficialwebsite,whichalso
lists“otheritemsthatwedeterminemaybeharmful”.
UniversalOrlandohasbannedselfiesticksandotherlooseitemsfromcertainthrillridesatUniversalStudiosandIslandsofAdventurethemeparks,butithasnotsetparkwidebans。
语篇解读:
本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲述了迪斯尼乐园禁止其各大主题公园使用自拍杆的相关情况。
8.WhichofthefollowingobjectshasalreadybeenbannedinDisneythemeparksbeforethenewpolicytakeseffect?
A.Smartphones. B.Foldingchairs.
C.Cameras。
D.Containers.
解析:
选B 细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段可知,在新政策生效前,迪斯尼主题公司已禁止使用的是折叠椅.故B项正确。
9.Accordingtotheban,iftheguestsarefoundcarryingselfiesticksduringtheroutinebagcheck,theymay________。
A.abandonthematthebagcheck
B.getfinedandpickthemuplater
C.turnthemintothepolice
D.puttheminthetrunkoftheircars
解析:
选D 细节理解题。
根据第三段第二句可知,游客可将其放到车子的后备箱。
故D项正确.
10.Theunderlinedwordinthefifthparagraphprobablymeans“________".
A.changingB.broadening
C.blockingD.narrowing
解析:
选C 词义猜测题。
根据第五段最后一句及常识可推知,高高举起的自拍杆将会遮住游客的视线且存在安全隐患,故画线词“obstructing”意为“阻碍”。
block意为“阻止”,与其意思最接近。
故C项正确。
11.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthat________.
A.thebanontheuseofselfie。
sticksisaimedatensuringsecurity
B.previouslyguestscantakephotoswithselfie.sticksonthrillrides
C.thestaffinDis
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