新高考高一英语阅读理解精练含答案解析.docx
- 文档编号:3858389
- 上传时间:2022-11-25
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:10
- 大小:27.55KB
新高考高一英语阅读理解精练含答案解析.docx
《新高考高一英语阅读理解精练含答案解析.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《新高考高一英语阅读理解精练含答案解析.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
新高考高一英语阅读理解精练含答案解析
新高考高一英语阅读理解精练(含答案解析)
A
Asmoreandmoreforestisclearedaroundtheworld,scientistsfearthatthenextdeadlypandemic(流行病)couldemergefromwhatliveswithinthem.
In1997,cloudsofsmokehungovertherainforestsofIndonesiaasanarearoughlythesizeofPennsylvaniawasburnedtomakewayforagriculture,makingthefiresworsebydrought.Owingtothehaze,thetreescouldn’tproducefruit,leavingresidentfruitbatswithnootheroptionthantoflyelsewhereinsearchoffood,carryingwiththemadeadlydisease.
NotlongafterthebatssettledontreesinMalaysianorchards,pigsaroundthemstartedtofallsick—probablyaftereatingfallenfruitthebatshadalreadyeaten—asdidlocalpigfarmers.By1999,265peoplehaddevelopedaseverebraininflammation,and105haddied.ItwasthefirstknownappearanceofNipahvirusinpeople,whichhassincecausedastringofrecurrent(反复的)outbreaksacrossSoutheastAsia.
Overthepasttwodecades,agrowingbodyofscientificevidencesuggeststhatdeforestationcreatestheconditionsforarangeofdeadlypathogens(病原体)—suchasNipahandLassaviruses—tospreadtopeople.
AswidespreadburningcontinuestodayintropicalforestsintheAmazon,andsomepartsofAfricaandSoutheastAsia,expertshaveexpressedconcernaboutthehealthofpeoplelivingattheborderofdeforestation.They’realsoafraidthatthenextseriouspandemiccouldemergefromourworld’sforests.
“It’sprettywellestablishedthatdeforestationcanbeastrongdriverofinfectiousdisease,”saysAndyMacDonald,adiseaseecologistattheEarthResearchInstituteoftheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara.“Themorewelowerandclearforesthabitats,themorelikelyitisthatwe’regoingtofindourselvesinthesesituationswherepandemicsofinfectiousdiseasesoccur.”
1.TheIndonesiansburnedtherainforestsinorderfor______.
A.firewoodB.catchingbatsC.plantingfruittreesD.farmland
2.Whichistherightorderofaffectedcreatures?
A.bats→pigs→people
B.pigs→bats→pigfarmers
C.people→bats→pigs
D.pigfarmers→pigs→bats
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deforestation”inParagraphFourmean?
.
A.湿地B.毁林C.果园D.养猪场
4.Whydoexpertsworryaboutthepeoplearoundtheruinedforests?
A.Becausesomesickpeopleliveintheruinedforests.
B.Becausetheruinedforestsmayhavepathogens.
C.Becausetherearetoomanybatsthere.
D.Becausetheruinedforestsaredirty.
B
OncetheMostPollutedLandscapeNowtheCleanestAir
Fortyyearsago,theCanadiancityofSudburywasablackenedlandscapethathadbeendevastated①bypollutionfromminingsitesandindustrialization.
Now,thankstodecadesofrestoration②andconservationwork,theairqualityisrankedassomeofthebestinallofOntario.Notonlythat,thelandscapehascomealivewithtreesandgreenery③oncemore.Lakesthatwereonceacidifiedanddestitute④havebecomethriving⑤ecosystems.
ThetransformationofSudburyhasbecomesuchapositiveexampleofenvironmentalrestoration,LaurentianUniversitylaunchedanentirecoursebasedonitsrevolutionaryrecoverybackinMarch—anditwillnowhelpfuturecollegestudentsapplyitslessonstootherpollutedlandscapesaroundtheworld.
“TheSudburystoryisastoryofsuccess,”saidDr.JohnGunnfromLaurentianUniversity.“OneofthemostdamagedlandscapesonEarth—withindustry,government,universities,andthepublicworkingtogether—hasmadearemarkableimprovementinthelandscapeandthelivesofpeople.”
PaulKennedy,whoisthehostoftheCBCradioprogramIDEAS,spotlighted⑥theSudburystoryasoneofhisfinalpresentations.BackinMay,thenewsorganizationpublishedanemotionalexcerptfromhisnotebooksdescribingthesegment⑦,whichconcludedwithKennedysaying:
“Itendtobeaknee-jerk⑧optimistonalmosteveryissue,butthefutureofourplanetcanseemalmostoverwhelmingly⑨difficult—toobig,toocomplicated,toodivisive.Forme,Sudburyisanindicationthatwearen’tgoingtolose.Climatechangeisthebiggestandmostcrucialchallengeweface.Thereishope.”
C
Innovationsarenotalwayswelcome.In1589WilliamLeemadehiswaytotheEnglishcourt,hopingtobegrantedapatentforhisinvention,aknittingmachine.QueenElizabethIturnedhimdown:
“Consideryouwhattheinventioncoulddotomypoorsubjects,”sheenjoined.“Itwouldassuredlybringtothemruinbydepriving(剥夺)themofemployment.”
ThefearsofGoodQueenBesshaveechoeddownthecenturies—fromtheLuddites,whodestroyedtextilemachineryintheearly19thcentury,toJohnF.Kennedy,whowarnedofthedangersofautomationduringhispresidentialcampaignof1960.Inthe21stcenturytheconcernshaveswitchedtorobotsandartificialintelligence(AI);30%ofAmericanworkersbelievetheirjobsarelikelytobereplacedbyrobotsandcomputersintheirlifetime.
Inthepasttherelationshipbetweenmachineandhumanlaborhasbeendrivenbytwofactors:
thesubstitutingeffect,whichcausedpeopletolosejobs,andthecomplementingeffect,whichallowedemployeestodotheirworkmoreproductively.Mr.Susskindworriesthat,inthefuture,thesubstitutingeffectwilldominate.AdvancesinAIhavebeensorapidthatmachineswilleventuallybebetterthanpeopleatmostactivities,hesays,andsowillbethe“defaultchoice”forperformingthem.Afewhighlypaidhumanswillstillbeemployed,buttherestwilleitherstruggletofindworkorfallintothe“precariat”,stuckinjobsthatarenotjustpoorlypaidbutunstableandstressful.
Thisgloomyviewoftheimpactoftechnologyisplausible.Butsoisamoreoptimisticoutlook,astheeconomistRogerBootleshowedinhisbook.Mr.BootlearguedthatAIandroboticswouldimproveproductivityandeconomicgrowth,andreleasepeoplefromperformingthemosttedioustasks.Asforemployment,therewillalwaysbedemandforserviceswiththehumantouch.Perhaps,thetruthisthatitisimpossibletobesurewhetherthelatestadvanceswillintheendhavemainlygoodorbadeconomiceffects.
1.What’sthepurposeoftheexamplesinParagraphs1and2?
A.Toremindpeoplehowimportantthemachinesare.
B.Todemonstratethepossibledangerstohumanbeings.
C.Totellpeoplehowmanyinventionsaremade.
D.Toshowpeople’sattitudetowardsnewinventions.
2.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“precariat”inParagraph3?
A.Peoplewhohavestablejobs.
B.Peoplewholiketheirjobs.
C.Peoplewhoarestuckinbadjobs.
D.Peoplewhosejobsarewell-paid.
3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsAI?
A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Notmentioned.
D
New,HealthyButterSpreadMadeAlmostEntirelyofWater
CornellUniversityfoodscientistshavecreatedahealthynewlow-calorie“butter”spread—anditisalmostentirelymadeofwater.
Atablespoonofthislow-caloriespreadhas2.8gramsoffatand25.2calories.Butter,ontheotherhand,whichis84%fatandabout16%water,hasabout11gramsoffatandnearly100calories.
Theyfiguredoutanewprocesstoemulsify①alargeamountofwaterwithminuscule②dropsofvegetableoilandmilkfattomimic③butter,atapproximatelyone-fourththecaloriesofrealbutterandwithoutartificialstabilizers④.
“Imagine80%waterin20%oilandwecreatesomethingwiththeconsistency⑤ofbutter,withthemouthfeelofbutterandcreaminessofbutter,”saidfoodscienceprofessorandseniorauthorofthepaperAlirezaAbbaspourrad.
Emulsifyingwaterandoilisnothingnew,saidAbbaspourrad,butbyusinghigh-internalphaseemulsions⑥(HIPE),“wekeepaddingwatertothatoiluntilthefinalcompositionis80%waterand20%oil.”
Thedemandforlow-fat,high-proteinproductshasrapidlyincreasedduetoconsumers’growinghealthawareness,saidleadauthorMichelleC.Lee,adoctoralcandidateintheresearchgroup.
“SincetheHIPEtechnologyfeatureshighwater-to-oilratios—whileatthesametimedeliveringuniquetextureandfunctionality⑦—itcanplayaroleinprovidinghealthiersolutionsforconsumers,”Leesaid.
Abbaspourradsaidfoodchemistscanadjustfortaste,preferencesandhealth.“Wecanaddmilkproteinorplant-basedprotein,andsincethewateractslikeacarrier,wecanadjustfornutritionandloaditwithvitaminsoraddflavors,”hesaid.“Essentially,wecancreatesomethingthatmakesitfeellikebutter—andinsteadofseeingalotofsaturated⑧fat,thishasminuteamounts.It’sacompletelydifferentformulation.”
E
FluseasongenerallysubsidesinMarchandApril,butwillthecoronavirusgowithit?
Whetherthecoronavirusthat’squicklyspreadingaroundtheworldwillfollowthefluseasonandsubsidewithspring’sarrivalisunsatisfyinglyuncertain.Andmanyscientistssayit’stoosoontoknowhowthedangerousviruswillbehaveinwarmerweather.
Dozensofvirusesexistinthecoronavirusfamily,butonlysevenafflicthumans.Fourareknowntocausemildcoldsinpeople,whicharecommon,whileothersaremorenovel,deadly,andthoughttobetransmittedfromanimalslikebatsandcamels.HealthofficialshavelabeledthisnewvirusSARS-CoV-2anditsdiseaseCOVID-19.Theprospectthatsummercouldstaveoffapandemicisenticing.Earlierthismonth,PresidentDonaldTrumptweetedaboutChina’seffortstocontainthevirus,sayingtheywouldbesuccessful,“especiallyastheweatherstartstowarm.”
Virusesthatcauseinfluenzaormildercoronaviruscoldsdotendtosubsideinwarmermonthsbecausethesetypesofviruseshavewhatscientistsrefertoas“seasonality,”sothepresident’scommentshavesomescientificbacking.Butit’shighlyuncertainthatSARS-CoV-2willbehavethesameway.Thosecurrentlystudyingthediseasesaytheirresearchistooearlytopredicthowtheviruswi
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 新高 考高一 英语 阅读 理解 精练 答案 解析