北京师范大学考博英语试题.docx
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北京师范大学考博英语试题
2004年北京师范大学考博英语试题
EnglishEntranceExaminationforNon-EnglishMajorDoctoralCandidates
March20,2004
Ⅰ.ListeningComprehension(20points)
SectionA
Directions:
Therearefivestatementsinthissection.Eachstatementwillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearastatement,readthefourchoicesgivenandchoosetheonewhichisclosestinmeaningtothestatementyouhaveheardbymarkingthecorrespondingletterA,B,CandDontheANSWERSHEET.
1.
A.Tony’sbossleftofficefortwodays.
B.Tonyquithisjobaftertwodays.
C.Tonywasoffworkfortwodays.
D.Tony’sbossagreedtotaketwodaysoff.
2.
A.Theprofessortoldthestudentsthatthedateoftheexamwouldbechanged.
B.Thestudentsexpectedthattheexamwouldnotbedelayed.
C.Theexamwouldnotbecanceledastheprofessorhadoriginallysaid.
D.Theprofessorsaidtheexamwouldnotbepostponed.
3.
A.Iwrotetoyou.
B.Icalledyou.
C.Iletyouinside.
D.Iwenttoseeyou.
4.
A.UnlikeSarah,Franktakeshiscoffeeblack.
B.Franklikescoffee,butSarahdoesn’t.
C.FranktookthecoffeebacktoSarah.
D.SarahandFranktakecreamandsugarintheircoffee.
5.
A.Thereweremorepeoplethanchairs.
B.Thereweremorethanenoughchairs.
C.Thereweretoomanyemptyseats.
D.Therewereneverenoughpeople.
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhearfiveshortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDonyourtestpaper,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.
6.
A.Anarchitect.
B.Acivilengineer.
C.Afurnituredesigner.
D.Acameraman.
7.
A.Hehadabusymorning.
B.Hehadaterriblemorning.
C.Hehadanexcitingmorning.
D.Hehadaterrificmorning.
8.
A.Trainsareoftenovercrowdedwithtourists.
B.Sheisinfavorofclosingdowntherailway.
C.Shealwaystakestrainswhenevershegoesout.
D.Therailwayismoreconvenientthanthehighway.
9.
A.It’sawell-payingjob.
B.Thejobcanbeveryrewarding.
C.Thejobmaynotbeworthtaking.
D.It’sajobshecando.
10.
A.Sheshouldhavebeenmorecarefulabouthermoney.
B.Sheshouldbuythebrownsuit.
C.Sheshouldfindanotherjobtomakemoremoney.
D.Sheshouldn’tbuythebrownsuit.
SectionC
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhearpartofaradioprogrammeinwhichadoctortalksaboutjetlag.LookatthetenstatementsforthispartonyourtestpaperanddecideifyouthinkeachstatementisRight,WrongorNotMentionedwhileyouarelisteningtotheprogramme.ThenmarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.
11.Youreallyonlysufferfromjetlagwhenyouflyeast.
A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned
12.Theproblemofjetlagisthatmanypeoplebecomehyperactive.
A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned
13.Onlycertainpeoplesufferfromjetlag.
A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned
14.Jetlagaffectsyoungchildrenless.
A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned
15.Ifyouareflyingwestyoucanreducetheeffectsofjetlagbeforeyougobygoingtobedandgettinguplater.
A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned
16.Ifyouareflyingeastyoucanreducetheeffectsofjetlagbeforeyoutohavingyourmealslater.
A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned
17.Itisbetternottosleepontheplane.
A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned
18.Youshouldbemorecarefulthanusualofwhatandwhenyoucatontheplane.
A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned
19.Ittakesuptosevendaystogetoverjetlag.
A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned
20.Whenyouarriveyoushouldalwaystrytosleep.
A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned
Ⅱ.ReadingComprehension(25points)
Directions:
Therearefivepassagesinthispart.Eachofthepassagesisfollowedbyfivequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSERSHEET.
1
Imagineeatingeverythingdeliciousyouwantwithnoneofthefat.Thatwouldbegreat,wouldn’tit?
New“fakefat”productsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStatesrecently,butnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.Makersoftheproducts,whichcontainacompoundcalledolestra,sayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminatefatfromcertainfoods,Critics,however,saythatthenewcompoundcanrobthebodyofessentialvitaminsandnutrientsandcanalsocauseunpleasantsideeffectsinsomepeople.Soitisuptoconsumerstodecidewhetherthenewfat-freeproductstastegoodenoughtokeepeating.
Chemistsdiscoveredolestrainthelate1960s,whentheyweresearchingforafatthatcouldbedigestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.Insteadoffindingthedesiredfat,theresearcherscreatedafatthatcan’tbedigestedatall.
Normally,specialchemicalsintheintestines“grab”moleculesofregularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbeusedbythebody.Amoleculeofregularfatismadeupofthreemoleculesofsubstancescalledfattyacids.
ThefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbringwiththemtheessentialvitaminsA,D,EandK.Whenfatmoleculesarepresentintheintestineswithanyofthosevitamins,thevitaminsattachtothemoleculesandarecarriedintothebloodstream.
Olestra,whichismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacids,istoolargefortheintestinestoabsorb.Itjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbrokendown.Manufacturerssayit’sthatabilitytoslideunchangedthroughtheintestinesthatmakesolestrasovaluableasafatsubstitute.Itprovidesconsumerswiththetasteofregularfatwithoutanybadeffectsonthebody.ButcriticssayolestracanpreventvitaminsA,D,E,andKfrombeingabsorbed.Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionofcarotenoids,compoundsthatmayreducetheriskofcancer,heartdisease,etc.
ManufacturersareaddingvitaminsA,D,EandKaswellascarotenoidstotheirproductsnow.Evenso,somenutritionistsarestillconcernedthatpeoplemighteatunlimitedamountsoffoodmadewiththefatsubstitutewithoutworryingabouthowmanycaloriestheyareconsuming.
21.Welearnfromthepassagethatolestraisasubstancethat.
A.containsplentyofnutrients
B.rendersfoodscalorie-freewhileretainingtheirvitamins
C.makesfoodseasilydigestible
D.makesfoodsfat-freewhilekeepingthemdelicious
22.Theresultofthesearchforaneasilydigestiblefatturnedouttobe.
A.commerciallyuseless
B.justasanticipated
C.somewhatcontroversial
D.quiteunexpected
23.Olestraisdifferentfromordinaryfatsinthat.
A.itpassesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingabsorbed
B.itfacilitatestheabsorptionofvitaminsbythebody
C.ithelpsreducetheincidenceofheartdisease
D.itpreventsexcessiveintakeofvitamins
24.Whatisapossibleeffectofolestraaccordingtosomecritics?
A.Itmayimpairthedigestivesystem.
B.Itmayaffecttheoverallfatintake.
C.Itmayincreasetheriskofcancer.
D.Itmayspoiltheconsumers’appetite.
25.Whyarenutritionistsconcernedaboutaddingvitaminstoolestra?
A.Itmayleadtotheover-consumptionofvitamins.
B.Peoplemaybeinducedtoeatmorethanisnecessary.
C.Thefunctionoftheintestinesmaybeweakened.
D.Itmaytriggeranewwaveoffakefoodproduction.
2
Althoughrarelyseen,bats,ascomparedtoothermammals,arequitecommon.Batsranksecondonlytorodentsinnumberanddiversityofspecies.Theirnumbersprobablytotalinthetensofbillions.Batsalsovaryconsiderablyinsize-fromthetinyPhilippinebamboobat,withasix-inchwingspanandweighing1/20thofanouncetothe“flyingfox”withawingspanoffourorfivefeetandweightoftwopounds.
Thedietofbatsisvaried.Mosttypeseatinsects,buttheyalsoconsumeblood,pollen,andnectarandfruits.Someeatothervertebrates(animalswithbackbones)suchasfish,lizards,andevenotherbats.Thosethatfeedonflowersveryoftenserverastheprimarypollinatoroftheflowers.Theinsect-consumingforms,quiteobviously,areverybeneficial.
Perhapsthemostunusualcharacteristicofbatsistheirskillednocturnalflyingability.Thisskillissohighlydevelopedthattheyarecapableofavoidingobstaclesevenintotaldarkness.Batspossessahighdegreeoftactilesensethatmayhelptheminavoidingobstacles,buttheirprimaryabilitytodosoisbasedontheirabilitytomakehigh-pitchedsoundsandontheiracutehearingability.
Flyingbatswerelongthoughttobesilentcreatures,butthisisnowknownnottobethecase.Whileinflight,batsarecontinuouslyemittingaseriesofultrasonicorientationpulsesthatareinaudibletothehumanear.Thefrequencyofthecriesofbats,at50,000vibrationspersecond,isestimatedtobetwoandhalftimeshigherthanthehumanearcanhear.
Thisuniqueoperation,ahighlyrefinedtypeofsonarsystem,allowsthebattodetectreboundingpulsesfromobstaclesnearandfarinitsenvironment.Theysystemisunique,additionally,inthatthebatiscapableofsortingthroughnumerousreboundingpulsessoastoavoidobjectsinitsimmediatepath.Rescarchersareattemptingtounderstandthissysteminhopesthatitmayrevealhowthehumanbrainprocessessensoryinformation.
Inthefinalanalysisbatsareinterestingandamazing;andtocontrasttopopularlegends,theyarequiteusefulandhelpfultonatureandman.
26.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.Therearemorerodentsintheworldthanbats.
B.Therearemorebatsintheworldthanrodents.
C.Batsareusuallybiggerthanrodents.
D.Rodentsareusuallybiggerthanbats.
27.Accordingtothe
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