外研社初三英语被动语态总复习精.docx
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外研社初三英语被动语态总复习精.docx
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外研社初三英语被动语态总复习精
外研社初三英语动词语态总复习
英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系,英语的动词有两种语态形式,即主动语态和被动语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者,谓语动词用主动语态。
如果主语是动作的对象,谓语动词用被动语态。
如:
TheyspeakEnglish.他们讲英语。
主语“他们”是“讲”这一行为的执行者,是主动句,动词用主动语态来表示;
Englishisspokenbythem.英语由他们讲。
主语“英语”是“讲”的承受者,是被动句,动词用被动语态的形式。
Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。
(主动语态
Thedoorwasopened.这扇门被打开了。
(被动语态
一、被动语态的构成
1、助动词be+(及物动词的过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。
助动
词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。
二、主动语态变被动语态
1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:
(1将主动句的宾语变为主语:
注意:
如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。
如:
Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.
主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。
在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时,by短语可以省略。
主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。
(2将动词改为"be+过去分词"。
Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.
他们昨天开会了。
(3将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。
注意:
如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。
Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.
2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项:
含有双宾语,即直接宾语(常指事物和间接宾语(常指人的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式。
但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.
Thetruthwastold(tousbyJack.
三、各种时态的被动语态
1、一般现在时:
am/is/are+过去分词
WearetaughtEnglishbyher.由她教我们英语。
2、一般过去时:
was/were+过去分词
ApresentwasgiventomebyMary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。
3、一般将来时:
willbe+过去分词
Thedeskwillbemendedbyhim.这张桌子将由他修理。
4、现在进行时:
am/is/are+being+过去分词
Thewallsarebeingpaintednow.正在粉刷墙壁。
5、过去进行时:
was/were+being+过去分词
Thetalkwasbeinggivenatthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候正在作报告。
6、现在完成时:
have/hasbeen+过去分词
Theflowershavebeenwatered.这些花已经被浇了。
7、过去完成时:
hadbeen+过去分词
Shesaidthislifthadneverbeenused.
8、过去将来时:
wouldbe+过去分词
Thefilmwouldbeshownagainsometimenextweek.
这部电影下周的某个时候又将上映。
9、含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态结构为:
情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,"be+过去分词"部分不变。
如:
Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.那时桌子可由石头制造。
(一般过去时
Cantablesbemadeofstone?
桌子能用石头制造吗?
(疑问句
四、被动语态的特殊用法
1、不及物动词不用于被动语态。
Appear,rise,die,happen,occur,lie,depart,belongto,breakout,takeplace等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
2、表状态动词不用于被动语态
常见的有:
hold,have,cost,contain,become,ail,looklike等
3、某些动词的进行时可表被动
Themeatiscooking.肉在煮着。
Thecakesarebaking,蛋糕在烘。
Thebookisprinting.这本书正在印刷。
4、主动形式表被动意义。
1某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。
如:
look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound等
Herbedroomlooksverycleanandtidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。
2动名词的主动形式表示被动语态。
如:
want,deserve,need,require,take,worth等
Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。
Thechildrenneedlookingafter.孩子们需要照看。
3某些作表语的形容词后,用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
Theconversationishardtounderstand.对这话很难理解。
Thefishisnoteasytofish.鱼不容易钓。
Thepassageisdifficulttoread.这段文章很难读懂。
初中被动语态40道经典练习题
1Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.
AdesignedBhasbeendesignedCwillbedesignedDwillhavebeendesigned
2Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm____bythetimewegettothecinema.
AwillalreadyhavestartedBwouldalreadyhavestarted
CshallhavealreadystartedDhasalreadybeenstarted
3Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.
AistakenBtakesCwillbetakenDhastaken
4Diamond____inBrazilin1971.
AisfoundBhasbeenfoundCwasfoundDhadbeenfound
5“Haveyoumovedsintosthenewflat?
”“Notyet.Theroom____.”
AhasbeenpaintedBispaintedCpaintsDisbeingpainted
6Mypictures____untilnextFriday.
Awon'tdevelopBaren'tdevelopedCdon'tdevelopDwon'tbedeveloped
7Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.
AhadbeenunemployedBwasunemployedChasbeenunemployed
Dhasunemployed
8Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities____since1949.
AhasbeenestablishBhavebeenestablishedChaveestablishedDhadbeenestablished
9I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe____ifweleaveithere.
AwouldbefinedBwillbefinedCwillbeingfinedDwillhavebeenfined
10“____twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?
”
ATheyhavebeengivenBIhavebeengivenCIamgivenDTheyhavegiventome
11Thesubjectoftheselectures____bythelecturecommittee.
AisannouncedBhavebeenannouncedCareannouncedDhasbeenannounced
12Ifoundanaspirinbottle____droppedonthefloorofDavid'sroom.
AwasBhadChadbeenDis
13Thegoods____whenwearrivedattheairport.
AwerejustunloadingBwerejustbeenunloadingChadjustunloadedDwerejustbeingunloaded
14Ifone____bypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.
AovercomesBisovercomeChasbeenovercomeDovercome
15Mostenvironmentproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem____takeninthepast.
AwasnotBwerenotCwerenotbeingDhadnotbeen
16Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now____sour.
AIsmellBitissmeltCitsmellsDitissmelling
17Aftertherace____,thecelebrationbegan.
AhadbeenwonBiswonCwillbewonDhasbeenwon
18Hewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon'tknowswhereshe____now.
AisBwasChadbeenDhasbeen
19Theyoungteacherhas____competent.
AbeenprovedtobeBprovedtobeCbeenprovedDprovedbeing
20Pluto,theoutermostplanetofthesolarsystem,____photographicallyinMarch1930.
AdiscoveredBwasdiscoveredCbydiscoveryDwhendiscovered
21Togetabetterviewofthestage,____.
AourseatshadtobechangedBourseatswerechanged
CwehadtochangeourseatsDourseatswerechangedbyus
22Aftersynthetic____,engineershadabetterchoiceofmaterial.
AcreatedBhascreatedChasbeencreatedDhadbeencreated
23Ithinkmuchattention____yourpronunciation.
AmustbepaidtoBoughttobepaidtoCmustpaytoDshouldbepaidto
24Since1970,millionsofenthusiasts____VitaminC,whichtheybelievecanremedythecommoncold.
AhavetakenBhavebeentakenChavebeentakingDhavebeentaking
25Idon'tremember____thechancetotrythismethod.
AshavingsbeengivenBtohavebeengivenCshavingsgiven
Dtohavegiven
26Wecouldasksomeonetodotheworkprivatelywithoutit____.
AknowBbeknownCbeingknownDtobeknown
27Theconstructionofthelaboratory____bytheendofnextmonth.
AmustbecompletedBmusthavebeencompletedCwillbecompletingDwillhavebeencompleting
28TheywouldtellhowtheAfrican____onashiptoanAmericanport.
AwasbroughtBcouldhavebeenbroughtChadbeenbrought
Dwastobebrought
29Hedoesnotpossessabicycle,thisoneheuses____toPeter.
AisbelongedtoBbelongedCbelongsDisbelonging
30Negotiation____againwithMoscowtomorrow,agreateventwillbediscussedthen.
AistobeopenedBisonthepointofopeningCisgoingtoopenDopens
31Thereasonforallthechangesbeingmade____tousyet.
AhasnotexplainedBhasnotbeenexplainedCdidnotexplainedDwerenotexplained
32Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects____inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1900.
AwereconductingBwereconductedChadbeenconductedDhadconducted
33Whenheturnedthecorner,hefoundhimself____byamaninblack.
AtailedBbeentailedCwastailedDhadbeentailed
34Acandidateforthedemocraticpresidentialnomination____atthismoment.
AisinterviewingBbeinginterviewedCisbeinginterviewed
Dinterviewing
35Asweapproachedtheworksite,theworkerswereseen____thenewhouse.
AbuildingBbuildCbuiltDtobuild
36Asweknow,alltheregulationsinschool____.
AmustkeeptoBmustbekeptCmustkeepDmustbekeptup
37Thecomposition____anymore.
AneednottobecorrectedBdoesn'tneedtobecorrected
Cdoesn'tneedbecorrectedDneednotcorrect
38Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper____inbroaddaylightyesterday
AtoberobbedBtohavekeenrobbedCrobbed
Dshavingsbeenrobbed
39Hurryup,orthetickets___outbythetimewegetthere.
AwillhavesoldBwillsellChavesoldDwillhavebeensold
40Hecleanedtheglassescarefullyforfearthatit____.
AwasdamagedBshouldbedamagedCdamagedDwouldbedamaged
被动语态部分练习题答案:
1C2A3A4C5D6D7C8B9B10B11D12C13D14B15B16C17A18A19B20B21C22D23A24C25A26C27A28C29C30A31B32C33A34C35A36B37B38B39D40B
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