有关情绪的英文表达.docx
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有关情绪的英文表达.docx
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有关情绪的英文表达
有关情绪的英文表达
2009/02/11
情绪(emotion)是一种心理(mental)与生理(physiological)的状态,包括许多种的感觉(feeling)、想法(thought)与行为(behaviour)。
它是主观体验(subjectiveexperience),经常与心绪(mood)、生性(temperament)、性格(personality)与倾向性(disposition)联系在一起。
下面按照字母顺序简要介绍主要的情绪类型。
每个词下面还有近义词,按照近义程度从上往下排列。
acceptance:
指一个人感受到某种形式(situation)或条件(condition)【常常是负面的(negative)或不舒服的(uncomfortable)】,但不试图改变(change)、抗议(protest)或躲避(exit)。
toleration/sufference
permissiveness/tolerance
affection:
是一种常常与爱(love)有关的心态(dispositionorstateofmind),要高于友谊(friendship)或善意(goodwill)。
例如小哥哥亲弟弟的脸来表达affection。
affectionateness/philia/warmness/warmheartedness/fondness/tenderness/heart:
Thechildwoneveryone'sheart.Thewarmnessofhiswelcomemadeusfeelrightathome.
feeling:
Idislikedhimandthefeelingwasmutual.
attachment/fondregard
protectiveness
regard/respect:
Shemistookhismanlyregardforlove.Heinspiresrespect.
softspot:
Shehadasoftspotforheryoungestson.
anger:
指愤怒的感觉,强度不等,可以是小的刺激(irritation)也可以是狂怒(rage)。
ire/choler/wrath/angriness
emotion
fury/rage/madness:
Hellhathnofurylikeawomanscorned.Hisfaceturnedredwithrage.
enragement/infuriation
umbrage/offense/offence
huffiness
hackles/dander:
Havingone'shacklesordanderup
badtemper/illtemper
vexation/annoyance/chafe
annoyance:
一种不开心的(unpleasant)的精神状态,类似‘恼火’。
如果经常出于这种状态,那么这种情况叫petulance。
botheration/irritation/vexation
mentalcondition/mentalstate/psychologicalcondition/psychologicalstate
bummer:
Havingtostandinlinesolongwasarealbummer.
huff/miff/seeingred
pinprick
impatience/restlessness
snit:
Hewasinasnit.
vexation/chafe
anger/ire/choler
temper/irritation/pique:
Histempersparkedlikedampfirewood.
frustration:
Herconstantcomplaintswerethemainsourceofhisfrustration.
aggravation/exasperation
harassment/torment:
Sogreatwashisharassmentthathewantedtodestroyhistormentors.
displeasure
apathy:
也叫impassivity或perfunctoriness,是一种无所谓(indifference)的心态,或者压抑自己的其它强烈情绪的状态。
对很多事情缺乏兴趣(interest)或关注(concern),也可能是一种慵懒(sluggishness)或不敏感(insensibility)。
例如,战争过后人们对死亡伤残的现象变得相对无动于衷。
emotionlessness/impassiveness/phlegm/stolidity/unemotionality/indifference
listlessness/languor/lassitude
spiritlessness/numbness/
passivity/passiveness
anxiety:
一种不愉快的感觉,可能是因为恐惧(fear)、不安(uneasiness)或担忧(worry),类似‘焦虑’。
它也是对压力(stress)的正常反应。
例如面临考试的时候。
anxiousness
castrationanxiety
hypochondria/hypochondriasis
overanxiety
scare/panic
discomfiture/discomposure/disconcertion/disconcertment
worry/trouble
concern/fear/scare
disquiet
insecurity
disquietude/edginess/inquietude/uneasiness
sinkingfeeling/sinking
misgiving/qualm/scruple
jitteriness/jumpiness/nervousness/restiveness
angst
awe:
是一种并不那么令人愉快的(joyous)的惊异(wonder),带有畏惧(fearful)与尊敬(respectful)。
通常指面对力量强大的事物。
例如在雷鸣般奔流而下的大瀑布或高耸的吉萨金字塔面前人们会感觉到awe,但在彩虹面前人们通常感受的是wonder或joy。
wonder/wonderment/admiration
reverence/veneration/fear
boredom:
在没事儿可做或者周围的事物毫无兴趣的时候人们的感觉,类似‘无聊’。
ennui/tedium
dissatisfaction
blahs
fatigue
compassion:
是一种比较深沉的(profound)的人类情感,通常由别人的痛苦(pain)引起,也是利他行为(altruism)的原因之一。
这与孔子所说的‘恕’【己所不欲勿施于人(dotoothersasyouwouldhavedonetoyou)】类似。
比empathy层次高。
compassionateness
heartstrings
fellowfeeling/sympathy
tenderheartedness/tenderness
mercifulness/mercy
pity
contempt:
指认为某人或某物低贱(inferior/base)或毫无价值(worthless)的感觉或态度(attitude),与scorn类似。
它大致相当于‘看不起’与‘藐视’。
dispite/disdain/scorn
dislike
disrespect
rudeness/discourtesy
fleer
leer/sneer
disobedience/noncompliance
contemptofcourt
curiosity:
指会引发探索性(inquisitive)行为的情感,例如探索(exploration)、调查(investigation)与学习(learning),相当于‘好奇’。
wonder
desiretoknow/lustforlearning/thirstforknowledge
interest/involvement
curiousness/inquisitiveness
depression:
包括悲伤(sadness)、无助(helplessness)、无望(hopeless)、无趣(lossofinterest)、不快乐(lossofpleasure)以及其它相关的情绪与行为,类似‘压抑’或‘抑郁’。
它对身体有害并可能影响大脑功能。
极端情况可能导致自杀(suicide)。
melancholia
bluedevils/megrims/vapors/vapours/blues
bluefunk/funk:
Hewasinafunk.
melancholy
sloughofdespond
lowspirits
dejection
sadness/unhappiness
demoralisation/demoralization
helplessness
despondence/despondency/disconsolateness/heartsickness
oppressiveness/oppression
dysphoria
desire:
也叫craving或hankering,指对某人或某物或某个结果的渴望(longing)或希望(hoping)。
想到该对象就会兴奋,有采取行动的冲动。
类似‘欲念’。
ambition/aspiration/dream
bloodlust
temptation
craving
wish/wishing/want
longing/yearning/hungriness
concupiscence/physicalattraction/sexualdesire/eros
itch/urge
caprice/whim/impulse
tendency/inclination
hunger/thirst/thirstiness/hungriness
greed
despair:
也叫hopelessness,指无望。
desperation
hopelessness
resignation/surrender
discouragement/disheartenment/dismay
pessimism
disappointment:
指期待(expectation)落空后的不满足感(dissatisfaction)。
与regret类似,但regret主要指对造成不佳结果的个人选择而言,而disappointment是对结果而言的。
类似‘失望’。
letdown
dissatisfaction:
Hewasneverslowtoexpresshisdissatisfactionwiththeservicehereceived.
frustration/defeat
disgust:
通常是对不干净(unclean)、不能吃的(inedible)、传染性(infectious)或其它令人反感(offending)的事物的反应。
类似‘恶心’。
dislike
detestation/execration/loathing/abhorrence/abomination/odium
repugnance/revulsion/repulsion/horror
nausea
ecstasy:
指全身心投入(totalinvolvement)的一种感受,以致于忽略了其它事情。
通常短暂,一般用来谈论宗教、音乐、舞蹈与性等方面的感受。
exaltation/rapture/raptus/transport
bliss/blissfulness/cloudnine/seventhheaven/walkingonair
empathy:
指分享(share)与理解(understand)他人情绪的能力。
常指为他人着想(putoneselfintoanother'sshoes)。
fellowfeeling/sympathy
envy:
也叫invidiousness,但一个人缺少另一个人的更好状态(superiorquality)、成绩(achievement)或拥有物(possession)时的一种感受,可能希望获得同样的东西,也可能希望他人失去更好的东西,类似‘嫉妒’。
但和jealous不同,后者主要指认为本应自己获得而被他人得到的感受。
enviousness
bitterness/rancor/rancour/resentment/gall
covetousness
green-eyedmonster/jealousy
penisenvy
invidia
embarrassment:
指不被社会接受的行为或状况被别人发现或揭露时的感受。
一般会造成荣誉(honour)与尊严(dignity)的丧失。
与shame类似,但后者可以是在只有自己知道的情况下。
shame
self-consciousenss/uncomfortableness/uneasiness
shamefacedness/sheepishness
chagrin/mortification/humiliation
discombobulation/confusion
abashment/bashfulness
discomfiture/discomposure/disconcertion/disconcertment
euphoria:
一种极度的【夸张的(exaggerated)】开心(elation)与幸福(well-being)。
例如运动员获得冠军的感受或者性高潮(orgasm),类似‘极乐’。
fear:
是对威胁(threat)或危险(danger)的反应,类似‘恐惧’。
fearfulness/fright
alarm/consternation/dismay
creeps:
Hegivesmethecreeps.
frisson/quiver/shudder/tingle/chill/thrill/shiver:
Afrissonofsurpriseshotthroughhim.
horror
hysteria
affright/panic/terror
panicattack/scare
stagefright
apprehension/apprehensiveness/dread
timidity/timidness/timorousness
intimidation
coldsweat
concern/care
anxiety
frustration:
在达成个人目标(personalgoal)收到阻碍(obstructed)时的感受,类似‘挫折感’。
defeat
disappointment/letdown
vexation/annoyance/chafe
gratitude:
也叫thankfulness或appreciation,是对得到或即将得到好处(benefit)的感受,类似‘感激’。
appreciativeness/gratefulness/thankfulness
grief:
是对损失(loss)的一种多角度(multi-faceted)的感受。
例如面对爱人的死亡。
Bereavement指损失的状态,而grief指对损失的反应。
brokenheartedness/heartache/heartbreak
sorrow
dolor/dolour
guilt:
指认识到(realise)或相信自己违反了道德规范(moralstandard)或对此有责任(responsible),相当于‘内疚’。
与remorse类似。
guiltiness
blameworthiness/culpability/culpabaleness
bloodguilt
complicity
criminalism/criminality/criminalness
guiltbyassociation
impeachability/indictability
guiltfeelings/guilttrip/guiltyconscience
compunction/remorse/self-reproach
survivorguilt
happiness:
指满足(contentment)、满意(satisfaction)、开心(pleasure)与快乐(joy)的心态,类似‘幸福’。
felicity
beatification/beatitude/blessedness
radiance
bonheur
gladfulness/gladness/gladsomeness
gaiety/merriment
rejoicing
belonging:
Withhisclassmates,hefeelsasenseofbelonging.
blitheness/cheerfulness:
Hischeerfulnessmadeeveryonefeelbetter.
contentment
hatred:
也叫hate,指强烈的不喜欢(dislike),类似‘恨’或‘讨厌’。
hatred
detestation/execration/loathing/abhorrence/abomination/odium
dispisal/dispising
illwill/enmity/hostility
malevolence/malignity
hope:
是相信会有积极的结果(outcome)出现,类似‘希望’。
anticipation/expectancy
hopefulness
expectation/outlook/prospect
rainbow:
Chasingrainbows.
horror:
指在看到、听到或感觉到某种令人恐惧的事物之后的一种反感(repulsion),而terror一般指在令人恐惧的(horrifying)经历发生前的害怕(dread)与期待(anticipation)。
或者说,horror与震惊(shocked)或吓坏(scared)有关,而terror与焦虑(anxious)与畏惧(fearful)有关。
fear/fearfulness/fright
repugnance/revulsion/repulsion
disgust
hostility:
也叫inimicality,指内心的拒绝(rejection)与否认(denial),通常是anger与aggression的同义词,类似‘敌意’。
illwill
unfriendliness
virulence/virulency
antagonism/enmity
latenthostility/tension:
Hecouldsenseherlatenthostilitytohim.Thediplomats'firstconcernwastoreduceinternationaltensions.
stateofwar/war
coldwar
suspicion:
Hetriedtoshieldmefromsuspicion.
animosity/animus/badblood
classfeeling
aggression/aggressiveness
belligerence/belligerency
bitterness/rancor/rancour/resentment/gall
hysteria:
指无法控制的(unmanageable)恐惧或者过度的情绪,汉语译为‘歇斯底里’。
delirium/frenzy/fury/craze
nympholepsy
manicdisorder/mania
epidemichysteria/masshysteria
fear/fearfulness/fright
joy:
一种幸福感。
joyfulness/joyousness
highspirits/lightness/elation
exultation/jubilance/jubilancy/jubilation
excitement/exhilaration:
Hecouldhardlyconcealhisexcitementwhensheagreed.
exuberance
delight/pleasure
jealousy:
在很重要的(valued)关系(relationship)被对手(rival)威胁时产生的不安全感(insecurity)、恐惧与焦虑。
与envy对比,它一般指已经拥有的东西,而envy指还没有的东西。
green-eyedmonster
enviousness/envy
alertness/vigilance/watchfulness/wakefulness
loathing:
一种恨或讨厌的感受。
abhorrence/detestation/execration/odium/abomination
disgust
hate/hatred
love:
强烈的喜欢(affection)与依赖(attachment),类似‘爱’或‘喜爱’。
adoration/worship
agapelove/agape
filiallove
ardor/ardour
amorousness/enamoredness
calflove/puppylove/infatuation/crush
devotedness/devotion
benevolence
heartstrings
caring/lovingness
pity:
对人或动物的痛苦的一种温柔的、有时候有点儿看不起的悲悯(sorrowandempathy)。
commiseration/pathos/ruth
fellowfeeling/sympathy
compassion
mercifulness/mercy
pride:
对自我价值很高的感觉,或者考虑相关事务时的感觉,类似‘自豪’。
它是对自身优秀方面的一种喜爱。
反义词是humility。
pridefulness
dignity/self-regard/self-respect/self-worth:
Itwasbeneathhisdignitytocheat.
self-esteem/self-pride
ego/self-importance/egotism
amourpropre/conceit/self-love/vanity
civicpride/civicspirit
satisfacti
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