语言学概论复习重点题目附答案.docx
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语言学概论复习重点题目附答案.docx
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语言学概论复习重点题目附答案
语言学概论复习重点题目(附答案!
!
)
Linguistics:
I.Directions:
Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets
1.()Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled__________linguistics.
A.particularB.generalC.ordinaryD.generative
2.()__________canbesimplydefinedasthespeechsoundsweusewhenspeakingalanguage.
A.PhonesB.SoundsC.PhonemesD.Speechsounds
3.()Thetwoclausesina__________sentencearestructurallyequalpartsofthesentence.
A.simpleB.completeC.complexD.coordinate
4.()Thegoalof__________istoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.
A.psycholinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.historicallinguisticsD.generallinguistics
5.()A__________vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.
A.backB.centralC.frontD.middle
6.()Theopen,backandlongvowelis__________.
A.[ɑ:
]B.[ɔ:
]C.[ə:
]D.[u:
]
7.()Languagechangeisuniversal,continuousand,toaconsiderableextent__________.
A.regularbutnotsystematicB.irregularandsystematic
C.regularandsystematicD.irregularbutsystematic
8.()Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonthe__________investigationoflanguagedata.
A.symbolicB.systemicC.systematicD.system
9.()__________aresometimescalled“semivowels”.
A.vowelsB.fricativeC.glidesD.nasals
10.()__________isatypicaltonelanguage.
A.EnglishB.ChineseC.FrenchD.AmericanEnglish
11.()Asentenceisconsidered__________whenitconformstothegrammaticalknowledgeinthemindofnativespeakers.
A.rightB.wrongC.grammaticalD.ungrammatical
12.()Thenumberofthelexicalitemsintheminorlexicalcategoriesis__________andnonewmembersareallowedfor.
A.largeB.smallC.limitlessD.fixed
13.()Humanbeingsaretheonlyspeciesthatlearnsandacquireslanguage__________explicitinstruction.
A.withB.withoutC.withinD.through
14.()AccordingtoF.deSaussure,__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.language
15.()Acousticphoneticianstrytodescribethe__________propertiesofthestreamofsoundswhichaspeakerissues.
A.oralB.mentalC.physicalD.recorded
16.()__________isconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld'slanguages.
A.PhonologyB.PhoneticsC.MorphologyD.Phonemics
17.()__________transcriptionisreallythetranscriptionrequiredandusedbythephoneticiansintheirstudyofspeechsounds.
A.BroadB.DetailedC.WideD.Narrow
18.()Theword“motel”isformedviawordformationruleof__________.
A.clippingB.blendingC.acronymD.coinage
19.()Ifalinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correct”behavior,i.e.,totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobe__________.
A.productiveB.arbitraryC.prescriptiveD.creative
20.()__________,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthefirstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.
A.OrthographicallyB.PhoneticallyC.SemanticallyD.Syntactically
21.()__________isasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguage.
A.MorphologyB.SyntaxC.LexicologyD.Coordination
22.()__________isakindofabbreviationofotherwiselongerwordsorphrases.
A.AbbreviationB.AcronymC.ClippingD.Blending
23.()Thosethataffectthesyntacticcategoryandthemeaningoftherootaswellare__________.
A.stemsB.affixesC.suffixesD.prefixes.
24.()__________referstotheprocessbywhichnewwordsareformedbytheadditionofaffixestotheroots,stems,orwords.
A.DerivationB.CompoundingC.BlendingD.Backformation
25.()Sincethephoneticcontrastbetween/k/intheword“kill”and/k/intheword“coal”isnotadistinctiveone,thetwo/k/-sareonly__________.
A.phonemesB.phonesC.segmentsD.allophones
26.()When/p/and/b/occurinthesameenvironmentsanddistinguishmeaning,theyarein__________.
A.minimalpairB.minimalsetC.phonemiccontrastD.complementarydistribution
27.()__________attheendofstemscanmodifythemeaningoftheoriginalwordandinmanycaseschangeitspartofspeech.
A.RootsB.PrefixesC.SuffixesD.Freemorphemes
28.()As/k/intheword“came”and/g/intheword“game”aresaidtoformadistinctiveoppositioninEnglish,theyare__________.
A.soundsB.phonemesC.allophonesD.varieties
29.()Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare__________sounds.
A.consonantalB.voicedC.vowelD.voiceless
30.()__________areaddedtoanexistingformtocreateaword,whichisaverycommonwaytocreatenewwordsinEnglish.
A.InflectionalaffixesB.FreemorphemeC.DerivationalaffixesD.Stems
31.()__________isaprocessofsemanticchangeinwhichawordlosesitsformermeaningandacquiresanew,sometimesrelatedmeaning.
A.SemanticnarrowingB.SemanticbroadeningC.SemanticborrowingD.Semanticshift
32.()__________studieshowsoundsareputtogethertoconveymeaningincommunication.
A.PhonologyB.MorphologyC.LexicologyD.Phonetics
33.()StressinEnglishisusedto__________semanticallyimportantwords.
A.signalB.standoutC.identifyD.single
34.()__________referstothephysiologicaleffectofonesoundonanother.
A.SoundassimilationB.InternalborrowingC.ElaborationD.Rulesimplification
35.()Acompoundwordconsistsof__________.
A.twoormorethantwowordsB.twomorphemes
C.tworootmorphemesD.twoormoremorphemes
36.()Ofallthespeechorgans,the___is/arethemostflexible.
A.mouth B.lipsC.tongue D.vocalcords
37.()“alive”and“dead”are______________.
A.gradableantonymsB.relationaloppositesC.complementaryantonymsD.Noneoftheabove
38.()Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeis_______.
A.lexicalB.grammaticalC.morphemicD.semantic
II.Directions:
Fillintheblanksineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.
1.Englishisani__________language.
2.Theaffixesoccurringatthebeginningofawordarecalledp__________.
3.IPAstandsforInternationalPhoneticA__________.
4.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalleds__________features.
5.C__________isaprocessofcombiningtwoormorewordsintoonelexicalunit.
6.P__________studieslanguageinrelationtothemind.
7.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag______basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.
8.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobed__________.
9.P__________isinterestedinthesystemofsoundsofaparticularlanguage.
10.F__________morphemesareindependentunitsofmeaningandcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselves.
11.B__________isaprocessofforminganewwordbycombiningpartsofotherwords.
12.AnEnglishspeakerandChinesespeakerarebothabletousealanguage,buttheyarenotmutuallyintelligible.Thisisacaseofc__________transmission.
13.C__________distributionmeansthattheallophonesofthesamephonemealwaysoccurindifferentphoneticenvironments.
14.Affixeslike“im-”,“il-”,“un-”,“-tion”,“-or”,“-hood”,arecalledd______affixes.
15.Thetwoclausesinacomplexsentenceholdunequalstatus,ones__________theother.
16.Modernlinguisticsgivesprioritytothes__________formoflanguage.
17.Aboundr__________canneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning.
18.Languageisp_____inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.
19.P_________occuratthebeginningofawordandsuffixesattheend.
20.Historicallinguistsareconcernedwiththehistoricald__________oflanguagesandtheprocessesinvolvedinlanguagechange.
21.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes__________studyoflanguage.
22.D__________meansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhichpresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfarawayplaces.
23.Thesequentialorderofwordsinasentencesuggeststhatthestructureofasentenceisl__________.
24.Lyingacrosstheglottisarethev__________cords,whicharenotreallycordsorstringsasthenameindicates,buttwomembranes.
25.S_________isthesub-disciplineoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesocialsignificanceoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseindifferentspeechcommunitiesincludingregional,ethnicandsocialgroups.
26I__________affixesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,degree,andcase.
27.Ad__________studyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.
28.Intermsofmorphemicanalysis,c__________canbeviewedasthecombinationoftwoorsometimesmorethantwowordstocreatenewwords.
29.Anacronymisawordcreatedbycombiningthei__________lettersofanumberofwords.
30Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisad__________study.
31.Thestudyofallthesesocialaspectsoflanguageanditsrelationwithsocietyisknownass__________.
32.O__________,acompound
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