高口真题.docx
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高口真题.docx
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高口真题
0909高口阅读真题、答案、评析与词汇整理合集
0909Section2第一篇
原文
Talkabouttiming.Yourquestionarrivedinourin-boxthesamedaythatwereceivedanotefromanacquaintancewhohadjustbeenletgofromhisjobinpublishing,certainlyoneoftheindustriesthatisfacing,asyouputit,“extremechange.”HedescribedhislayoffasapracticallyOrwellianexperienceinwhichhewasusheredintoaconferenceroomtomeetwithanoutplacementconsultantwho,afterdispensingwithlogistics,informedhimthatshewouldcallhimathomethateveningtomakesureeverythingwasallright.
“IassuredherIhadfriendsandlovedonesandadog,”hewrote,“andsincemyrelationshipwithhercouldbemeasuredintermsofseconds,theycouldtakecareofthatendofthings.”“MemotoHR:
Insteadofsaddlingdismissedemployeeswithsolicitousoutplacementreps,”henotedwryly,“puttheminaroomwithsomecrockeryforafewtherapeuticminutesofsmashingthingsagainstawall.”
Whileweenjoyourfriend’ssenseofhumor,we’dsuggestadifferentmemotoHR.“Layoffsareyourmomentoftruth,”itwouldsay,“whenyourcompanymustshowdepartingemployeesthesamekindofattentivenessanddignitythatwasshowereduponthemwhentheyentered.LayoffsarewhenHRprovesitsmettleanditsworth,demonstratingwhetheracompanyreallycaresaboutitspeople.”
Look,we’vewrittenbeforeaboutHRandthegame-changingrolewebelieveitcan—andshould—playastheengineofanorganization’shiring,appraisal,anddevelopmentprocesses.We’veassertedthattoomanycompaniesrelegateHRtothemundanebusy-workofnewsletters,picnics,andbenefits,andwe’vemadethecasethateveryCEOshouldelevatehisheadofHRtothesamestatureastheCFO.ButiftherewaseveratimetounderscoretheimportanceofHR,ithasarrived.And,sadly,iftherewaseveratimetoseehowfewcompaniesgetHRright,ithasarrived,too,asouracquaintance’sexperienceshows.
So,toyourquestion:
WhatisHR’scorrectrolenow—especiallyintermsoflayoffs?
First,HRhastomakesurepeopleareletgobytheirmanagers,notstrangers.Beingfiredisdehumanizinginanyevent,buttogetthenewsfroma“hiredgun”onlymakesmattersworse.That’swhyHRmustensurethatmanagersaccepttheirduty,whichistobeinontheoneconversationatworkthatmustbepersonal.Pinkslipsshouldbedeliveredface-to-face,eyeball-to-eyeball.
Second,HR’sroleistoserveasthecompany’sarbiterofequity.Nothingraiseshacklesmoreduringalayoffthanthesensethatsomepeople—namelytheloudmouthsandthelitigious—aregettingbetterdealsthanothers.HRcanmitigatethatdynamicbymakingsureacrossunitsanddivisionsthatseverancearrangements,iftheyexist,areappropriateandevenhanded.Yousimplydon’twantpeopletoleavefeelingasiftheygotyou-know-what.Theyneedtowalkoutsaying:
“AtleastIknowiwastreatedfairly.”
Finally,HR’sroleistoabsorbpain.Inthehoursanddaysafterbeingletgo,peopleneedtovent,anditisHR’sjobtobecompletelyavailabletoconsole.Atsomepoint,alloutplacementconsultantcancomeintothemixtoassistwithatransition,butHRcanneverlet“thedeparted”feelasifthey’vebeensenttoalepercolony.Someoneconnectedtoeachlet-goemployee—eitheracolleagueorHRstaffer—shouldcheckinregularly.Andnotjusttoask,“IseverythingO.K.?
”buttolistentotheanswerwithanopenheart,andwhenappropriate,offertoserveasareferencetoprospectiveemployers.
Threeyearsago,wewroteacolumncalled,“SoManyCEOsGetThisWrong,”andwhilemanyletterssupportedourstancethattoomanycompaniesundervalueHR,asignificantminoritypooh-poohedHRasirrelevanttothe“realwork”ofbusiness.Giventhestateofthings,wewonderhowthosesameHR-minimalistsfeelnow.Iftheircompanyisincrisis—ortheirowncareer—perhapsatlastthey’veseenthelight.HRmattersenormouslyingoodtimes.Itdefinesyouinthebad.
1. Whydoestheauthorsaythathisfriend’snotedisplayeda“senseofhumor”(para.3)?
(A)Becausehislayoffexperienceshowedvividlytheprocessof”extremechange”.
(B)Becausehegaveavividdescriptionoftheoutplacementreps’workstyle.
(C)BecausehesuggestedtoHRhowtotreatdismissedemployeeswhilehehimselfwasfired.
(D)Becausehewasoptimisticwiththesupportandunderstandingfromhisfriendsandlovedfamilymembersafterbeingdismissed.
2. Theexpression“momentoftruth”inthesentence“Layoffsareyourmomentoftruth...whentheyentered.”(para.3)mostprobablymeans________.
(A)criticalmomentofprovingone’sworth
(B)timeofdismissingtheemployees
(C)importantmomentoftellingthetruth
(D)timeoflosingone’sdignity
3. WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTsupporttheauthor’sstatementthat“HRhastomakesurepeopleareletgobytheirmanagers,notstrangers.”(para.6)?
(A)Inthatcasethelet-goemployeewouldfeellessdehumanized.
(B)Bydoingsothemanagerstreattheemployeeswithrespect.
(C)HRhasthusplayedthepositiveroleintermsoflayoffs.
(D)Indoingsostrangerswillonlyplaytheroleofa“hiredgun”.
4. Theexpression“pinkslips”inthesentence“Pinkslipsshouldbedeliveredface-to-face,eyeball-to-eyeball.”(para.6)canbestbeparaphrasedas________.
(A)aletterofinvitation (B)anoticeofdismissal
(C)acardofcondolences (D)amessageofgreetings
5.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?
(A)ThetimetounderscoretheimportanceofHRhasarrived.
(B)SeverancearrangementsshouldbethefocusofHR’sjob.
(C)Employeesshouldbetreatedwithequalrespectwhetherhiredorfired.
(D)ManagersmustleavetheirdutytoHRwhenemployeesaredismissed.
【参考答案】CADBA
【关键词】人力资源在企业中的重要性
【大意】应重新定位人力资源在企业中的定位,包括员工离职安排等,都应由人力资源以更加合理的方式来承担
【词汇积累】
Orwellianexperience类似奥威尔小说中表述的体验,指被置于高压监控下失去人性
outplacementconsultant专门从事离职安排的顾问
saddle这里表示施压
solicitous热心的
wryly嘲弄地
smash砸
mettle勇气
appraisal评估
mundane世俗的
dehumanize使失去人性
hiredgun受雇的枪手
pinkslip解雇通知书
arbiter仲裁人
hackles怒气
loudmouths高声谈话的人,多嘴的人
litigious好争论的,难缠的
mitigate缓解
severancearrangements离职手续
evenhanded公平的
vent发泄
console抚慰
lepercolony麻风病人隔离区
prospective潜在的,未来的
stance立场
pooh-pooh蔑视
irrelevant无关的
HR-minimalist这里表示认为HR职能有限、并不重要的人
0909Section2第二篇
原文
Questions6-10
SenatorBarbaraBoxer(D)ofCaliforniaannouncedthismonthsheintendstomoveaheadwithlegislationdesignedtolowertheemissionofgreenhousegasesthatarelinkedbymanyscientiststoclimatechange.Buttheapproachshe’stakingisflawed,andthecurrentfinancialcrisiscanhelpusunderstandwhy.
Thecenterpieceofthisapproachisthecreationofamarketfortradingcarbonemissioncredits.Thesecreditswouldbeeitherdistributedfreeofchargeorauctionedtomajoremittersofgreenhousegases.Thefirmscouldthenbuyandsellpermitsunderfederallymandatedemissionscaps.Ifacompanyisabletocutemissions,itcansellexcesscreditsforaprofit.Ifitneedstoemitmore,itcanbuypermitsonthemarketfromotherfirnls.
“Capandtrade,”asitiscalled,isadvocatedbyseveralpolicymakers,industryleaders,andactivistswhowanttofightglobalwarming.Butit’sbasedonthetradeofhighlyvolatilefinancialinstruments:
riskyatbest.Thebetterapproachtoclimatechange?
Adirecttaxplacedonemissionsofgreenhousegases.Thetaxwouldcreateamarketpriceforcarbonemissionsandleadtoemissionsreductionsornewtechnologiesthatcutgreenhousegases.Thisisanapproachfavoredbymanyeconomistsasthefinanciallysensiblewaytogo.Anditisgettingacloserlookbysomeindustryprofessionalsandlawmakers.
Atfirstblush,itmightseemcrazytoadvocateataxincreaseduringamajorrecession.Butthereareseveralvirtuesofataxoncarbonemissionsrelativetoacap-and-tradeprogram.Forstarters,thecountryalreadyhasamechanisminplacetodealwithtaxes.Taxcollectionissomethingthegovernmenthasabundantexperiencewith.Acarbontradingscheme,ontheotherhand,requiresthecreationofelaboratenewmarkets,institutions,andregulationstooverseeandenforceit.
Anotherrelativeadvantageofthetaxisitsflexibility.Itiseasiertoadjustthetaxtoadapttochangingeconomic,scientific,orothercircumstances.Ifthetaxistoolowtobeeffective,itcanberaisedeasily.Ifitistooburdensomeitcanberelaxedtemporarily.Incontrast,acap-and-tradeprogramcreatesemissionspermitsthatprovidesubstantialeconomicvaluetofirmsandindustries.Theseassetslimittheprogram’sflexibilityonceunderway,sincemarketactorsthenhaveaninterestinmaintainingthestatusquotopreservethevalueoftheassets.What’smore,theycanbearecipefortrouble.AsmyAmericanEnterpriseInstitutecolleaguesKenGreen,SteveHayward,andKevinHassettpointedouttwoyearsago,“suddenchangesineconomicconditionscouldleadtosignificantpricevolatilityinacap-and-tradeprogramthatwouldbelesslikelyunderacarbon-taxregime.”
Recentexperiencebearsthisout.Europehasinplaceacap-and-tradeprogramthattodaylooksalittleliketheAmericanmortgage-backedsecuritiesmarket—it’satotalmess.Thepriceofcarbonrecentlyfell—plummetingfromover$30toaround$12perton—asEuropeanfirmsunloadedtheirpermitsonthemarketinanefforttoshoreupdeterioratingbalancesheetsduringthecreditcrunch.Itisthisshakyexperiencewithcap-and-tradethatmightexplainanunlikelyadvocateofacarbontax.Earlierthisyear,
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