高考英语专项训练阅读提能练四.docx
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高考英语专项训练阅读提能练四.docx
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高考英语专项训练阅读提能练四
阅读提能练(四)
一、阅读理解
A
Initsearlyhistory,Chicagohadfloodsfrequently,especiallyinthespring,makingthestreetssomuddythatpeople,horsesandcartsgotstuck.Anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentlikethis:
AmanisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.Askedifheneedshelp,hereplies,“No,thanks.I'vegotagoodhorseunderme.”
Thecityplannerdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage(排水)system,buttheresimplywasn'tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraisethecity.
AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedthecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity'sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.
Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem:
dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice:
eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasements,andthesecondstoriesintomainfloors,orhoist(吊起)theentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwoodframebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.Butwhataboutlarge,heavystructuresliketheTremontHotel,whichwasasixstorybrickbuilding?
That'swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehousemovingskillssuccessfully.ToliftabigstructureliketheTremontHotel,Pullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews(螺旋千斤顶)beneaththebuilding'sfoundation.Onemanwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman'ssigneachmanturnedhisjackscrewsbythesameamountatthesametime,therebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly.Astonishingly,theTremontHotelstayedopenduringtheentireoperation,andmanyofitsguestsdidn'tevennoticeanythingwashappening.Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago'searlyhistory,everyengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem.NowthatChicago'swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecity'snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了芝加哥为了应对洪水泛滥的问题而实行了一些解决方案的故事。
1.TheauthormentionsthejokeinParagraph1toshow________.
A.horseswerefairlyusefulinChicago
B.Chicago'sstreetswereextremelymuddy
C.Chicagowasverydangerousinthespring
D.theChicagopeoplewereparticularlyhumorous
解析:
选B。
推理判断题。
根据文章首句可推知,作者提及这个笑话是为了表明芝加哥的街道非常泥泞。
故选B。
2.ThecityplannerswereconvincedbyEllisChesbroughto________.
A.getridofthestreetdirt
B.lowertheChicagoRiver
C.fightagainstheavyfloods
D.buildthepipesaboveground
解析:
选D。
细节理解题。
根据第三段第一句“AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedthecitythat...”可知,EllisChesbrough让城市规划者相信在地上建管道才能解决洪水泛滥所带来的问题。
故选D。
3.WhatcanweconcludeaboutthemovingoperationoftheTremontHotel?
A.Itwentonsmoothlyasintended.
B.Itinterruptedthebusinessofthehotel.
C.ItinvolvedPullmaninturningtenjackscrews.
D.Itseparatedthebuildingfromitsfoundation.
解析:
选A。
细节理解题。
根据第五段内容,以及最后一段倒数第三句“Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.”可推知,用螺旋千斤顶把theTremontHotel升高的事项进展顺利。
故选A。
4.ThepassageismainlyabouttheearlyChicago's________.
A.popularlifestylesandtheirinfluences
B.environmentaldisastersandtheircauses
C.engineeringproblemsandtheirsolutions
D.successfulbusinessmenandtheirachievements
解析:
选C。
主旨大意题。
本文主要讲的是早期芝加哥如何应对洪水泛滥的问题。
故选C。
B
LASVEGAS-Itwasdifferentinthelightofday.
Therewasno“pop,pop,pop”ofgunfire,noscreams.Justquitealotofcarsabandonedbythose,likeKassidyOwen,whoescapedwiththeirlives.
“It'sstrangetohearthesilence,”Owensaid,“becauseallIrememberwasthenoise.”
The22yearoldwasoneofdozensofconcertgoerswhoreturnedtothesceneoftheRoute91HarvestFestivalonWednesdaymorningtofetchthevehiclestheyleftbehindastheyfledfromagunmanrainingdownbulletsfromhighaboveinthetoweroftheMandalayBayResortandCasinoacrossthestreet.
SurvivorsofthedeadlymassshootinginLasVegasonSundayneededtheircarstomoveonwiththeirlives-togetbacktowork,toschoolorhome.Itwasthefirsttimetheywerereturningtoascenethatwouldforeverchangethem,whenjoyandcelebrationandmusicturnedintokillingandhorror.
Beforetheycouldmoveforward,theyhadtogobacktotheplacewheretheythoughttheyweregoingtodie.
Owenhadruntohercartohideandhadtriedtodriveaway,butshecouldn't.Peoplewererunning,bodiesdroppedtotheground,andcarsbottleneckedintheparkinglot.Duringabriefpauseaftermorethan10minutesofgunfire,sheworriedthelightsofherSUVmadeeveryoneinsideashiningtarget.
“They'reshootingagain!
”herbestfriend'sbrotherscreamed.“Turnoffthecar!
”
That'swhenshegotoutandfled.
“Ijustremembershuttingthedoorandrunning,”Owensaid.
Now,nearlythreedayslater,shewasback,sittinginthedriver'sseatofherSUV.Hereyeswereswollenandred.Thiswasalongwayfromover.
“Youjustkeephearingthegunshotsinyourhead,”Owensaid.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了拉斯维加斯枪击案中一名幸存者Owen遭遇整个事情的经过。
5.WhydidKassidyOwenreturntothesceneofterror?
A.Togetbackhercarfordailylife.
B.Toshowsympathytothevictims.
C.Tosearchforhermissingfriends.
D.Tolookintothecauseoftheshooting.
解析:
选A。
细节理解题。
根据第五段第一句“SurvivorsofthedeadlymassshootinginLasVegasonSundayneededtheircarstomoveonwiththeirlives-togetbacktowork,toschoolorhome.”可知,KassidyOwen重回枪击案现场是为了取回她的车,以便正常生活。
故A项正确。
6.Wherewasthegunmanwhenthemassshootinghappened?
A.Behindacar. B.Intheparkinglot.
C.Onthestage.D.Inatallbuilding.
解析:
选D。
细节理解题。
根据第四段中的“agunmanrainingdownbulletsfromhighaboveinthetoweroftheMandalayBayResortandCasinoacrossthestreet”可知,一名枪手在高塔上朝下扫射。
据此可知,枪手是在一个高的建筑物上。
故D项正确。
7.WhydidOwenkeephearingthegunshotsinherhead?
A.Becauseshehadescapedbeingcaught.
B.Becauseshewantedtofindthegunman.
C.Becauseshecouldn'tridherselfofthoseterriblescenes.
D.Becauseshehadsavedothers'livesbyturningoffthecar.
解析:
选C。
推理判断题。
根据第五段最后一句“Itwasthefirsttimetheywerereturningtoascenethatwouldforeverchangethem,whenjoyandcelebrationandmusicturnedintokillingandhorror.”,并结合全文内容可知,Owen遭遇了可怕的枪击案,弃车逃跑三天后重回案发现场取车,她又回忆起枪击案的场景。
据此可知,她满脑子都是枪声是因为她无法忘记可怕的枪击场景。
故C项正确。
8.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?
A.Astorybook.B.Anewspaper.
C.Aguidebook.D.Aresearchreport.
解析:
选B。
文章出处题。
通读全文可知,文章讲述了拉斯维加斯枪击案中一名幸存者Owen遭遇整个事情的经过,并结合本文第一段“LASVEGAS-Itwasdifferentinthelightofday.”的新闻特征可以判断,本文最可能摘自报纸。
故B项正确。
【长难句分析】 The22yearoldwasoneofdozensofconcertgoerswhoreturnedtothesceneoftheRoute91HarvestFestivalonWednesdaymorningtofetchthevehiclestheyleftbehindastheyfledfromagunmanrainingdownbulletsfromhighaboveinthetoweroftheMandalayBayResortandCasinoacrossthestreet.
分析:
该句为主从复合句。
句中whoreturnedtothesceneoftheRoute91HarvestFestival...acrossthestreet为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词concertgoers,who在从句中作主语;该定语从句中含有省略了关系词的定语从句theyleftbehind...acrossthestreet,修饰先行词thevehicles,省略的关系词在从句中作宾语;该定语从句中又含有as引导的时间状语从句astheyfled...acrossthestreet。
译文:
这位22岁的女孩是许多在周三早晨回到Route91HarvestFestival庆祝现场取回逃跑时留下来的汽车的常去音乐会的人之一,(案发时)一名枪手在街对面的曼德勒海湾度假酒店和赌场的高塔上朝下扫射。
C
Stuttering(口吃)isacommunicationdisordergenerallycharacterizedbyunconsciousrepetitionsorpausesintheflowofspeech.Theserepetitionsandpausescantakemanyforms,suchasrepetitionsofpartsofwords(“lililikethis”).Sometimes,therearemomentswhenasoundoraperiodofsilenceislengthened(“llllikethis”or“likethis”).
Stutteringcanbeclassifiedintocommunicationdisorders:
neurogenic(神经性的)stutteringandpsychogenicstutteringareassociatedwithasuddenonset(发作)and,astheirnamesimply,withaspecificknowncause-eitheraprobleminthemakeupofthebrainoragreatpsychologicalchallenge.Thesedisordersarecomparativelyrareanddifferintermsofcauses,symptomsandtreatmentfromdevelopmentalstuttering.Developmentalstutteringtypicallystartsbetweentheagesoftwoandahalfandfour.Theonsetofthedisorder,whichcanbegradualorrelativelysudden,generallyoccursduringtheperiodofrapiddevelopmentinachild'slanguageskills,motorskills,character,andsocialinteraction.
Thecauseofdevelopmentalstutteringarenotwellunderstoodandvarioustheorieshavebeenofferedthroughoutthehistoryofspeechlanguagepathology(thestudyofthecausesandeffectsofillnesses).Therootsofstutteringhavebeenbelievedtorelatetoanumberofcauses:
emotionalproblems,neurologicalproblems,improperreactionsfromcaregiversandfamilymembers,languageplanning,andspeechmotordifficultiesamongothers.Thesetheorieshaveshownthepromiseofexplainingsomecharacteristicsofstutteringbutnosingletheoryhasthoroughlydescribedtheexperiencesofpeoplewhostutter.
Youngchildrenwhohavestutteredforonlyashorttimehaveahighrateofnaturalrecovery,thoughitisimpossibletodeterminewhichchildrenaremostlikelytorecoverandwhicharelikelytocontinuestuttering.Mostexpertsrecommendearlyevaluationandtreatmentaimedatpreventingthedevelopmentofachronic(慢性的)communicationdisorder.
Speechlanguagepathologistsdisagreeaboutwhichapproachisbestforolderchildrenandadults.Treatmentoptionsincludetrainingtochangespeechpatterns,turningtodoctorstominimizenegativereactions,drugs,andelectronictoolsthatimprovefluency.Selfhelpandsupportgroupsalsoplayanimportantroleinrecoveryformanypeoplewhostutter.Manypeoplewhohavetakenstutteringtreatmentprogramsareabletomakepositivechangesintheirspeechskillsandcommunicationabilitiesso
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