定语从句讲座教案.docx
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定语从句讲座教案.docx
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定语从句讲座教案
___全国中学生英语能力竞赛赛前培训
培训内容:
主从复合句之定语从句
培训时间:
___11月7日
主讲教师:
英语组姜玉敏
主从复合句之定语从句
一、句子的种类:
简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句:
由一套主语和谓语构成;
并列句:
由两个或两个以上的简单句并列构成,常用and,but,so等并列连词连接。
复合句:
是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
主句是全句的主体,往往可以独立存在;而从句仅是句子的一个成分,故不能独立存在,必须有一个关联词引导。
二:
主从复合句的分类和比较
名词从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)
副词从句(状语从句)
形容词从句(定语从句)
三、引导从句的关联词共有七类:
1)从属连词:
有whether,when,although,because,if等。
Idon’tknowifhewillcome.
2)疑问代词:
who,whom,whose,which,what等。
Idon’tknowwhatyoumean.
3)疑问副词:
when,where,how,why等。
Iaskedhimwherehewasgoingtostay.
4)关系代词:
who,whom,whose,which,thatwhat等,主要引导定语从句。
TheyoungmanwhoisstandingthereismyEnglishteacher.
5)关系副词:
when,where,why.也可以引导定语从句。
Thatwasthetimewhenwestayedtogether.
6)复合连接代词:
what,whatever,whoever,whichever等。
Youcandowhateveryoulike.
7)复合连接副词:
wherever,whenever,however等。
Youcancomewheneveritispossible.
四、定语从句讲解
(一)、.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.Itisakindofhouseholdappliancesthatcankeepfoodfresh.
2.It’sakindofredflowers,whichcanrepresentlove.
1>关系代词:
主格
宾格
所有格
指代人
Whothat
Whomwhothat
Whose
指代物
Whichthat
Whichthat
Whose/ofwhich
注:
1.关系代词为宾语时可以省略。
2.关系代词紧跟在介词后,只能使用whom或which。
2>关系副词:
在从句中充当状语
When(时间):
inwhich,onwhich等where(地点):
inwhich,onwhich等
why(原因):
forwhich(方式)介词+which/whom
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词如下:
主格
宾格
所有格
指代人
who
Whomwho
whose
指代物
Which
Which
Whoseofwhich
4>.非限制性定语从句可以指代整个主句,连接词只可用which或as
(二)、that的特殊用法
1>先行词前有形容词最高级,序数词(last)或表示强调的词(only/very/just/right)
2>先行词为不定代词(all、much、little、few、none、some、something、anything、everything、nothing)3>先行词被every、each、all、any、little、few、no、some等修饰时4>先行词为人和物的词组5>引导词在从句中做表语。
6>句中有which、who、注:
当先行词是代词he、they或不定代词anyone、those等时,关系代词用who.
(三)、关系副词的用法
(四)、介词+关系代词结构:
1)名词+ofwhich/whom=whose+名词表示一种所属关系(在名称前通常有定冠词修饰)
2)数词+ofwhich/whom(数词还可以被some,many,most,each等不定代词替换)表示一种部分与整体的关系。
3)非限定从中介词+which(指物)介词+whom(指人)
4)which,whose还可修饰一个名词,作这个名词的定语。
(五)、几个特殊先行词后的定语从句(situation,occasion,point)
Wemaybetrappedinsuchasituationwherewehavenoonetoturnto.
(六)、as和which引导的非限定性定语从句的区别:
Manypeople,asyouknow,arelearningforeignlanguages.
Theweatherturnedoutfine,aswehadexpected.
Marydidn’tpassthedrivingtest,Whichmadeherverysad.
as非定中,谓动通常是表感觉和心理活动的词:
see,hear,know,expect,guess,hope,remember(七)、几组相似结构:
thesame+先行词+as和thesame+先行词+that的区别
such+先行词+as和such…that的区别:
(八)、定语从句与强调结构的区别定语从句与状语从句的区别定从与同位语从句的区别
(九)、特殊定语从句及其与其他句式的对比
五、定语从句阅读材料
(一)、.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.Itisakindofhouseholdappliancesthatcankeepfoodfresh.
2.It’sakindofredflowers,whichcanrepresentlove.
(二)、that的特殊用法
Iwilltellyousomethingthathappenedonenight.Ifeltlonelyathome,sotheonlythingthatIcoulddowastoseeafilm,whichisverymeaningful.AlthoughthisisnotthefirstEnglishfilmthatIhaveeverseen,thisisthemostmovingfilmthathasbeenshowninthecinema.ThethingsandpersonsthatIsawinthefilmwillbeunforgettable.Icanrememberalmosteveryscenethatappearedinthefilm.Afterseeingthefilm,Ihavelearnedalot.IfeelthatIamnotthepersonthatIusedtobe.Thefilmisveryfamous,whichisknowntous.DoyouwanttoknowthenameofthefilmaboutwhichItoldyoujustnow?
Whichisthefilmthatyoulikemost
(三)、关系副词的用法
1.I’llneverforgetthedays(that/which)Ispentwithmyteacher.
2.I’llneverforgetthedayswhen(onwhich)Ijoinedthearmy.
3.Thisisthereasonwhichhegavemefordoingit.
4.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhecamelate?
5.Youcanseethewayinwhichhismindworkswhenhereadshisbooks.
6.Isthereanywaythatcanbefoundtosolvetheproblem?
7.Itisthehousethatwasbuilttwoyearsago.
8.ItisthehousewhereIwasborn.
(四)、介词+关系代词结构
1)Thehouse,thegateofwhichfacessouth,belongstotheSmith.=Thehouse,whosegatefacessouth,belongstotheSmith.
MrSmith,thehouseofwhomwasrobbed,reportedittothepolice.=MrSmith,whosehousewasrobbed,reportedittothepolice.
2)Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.=Thebuses,ofwhichmostwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.
Imetsomeforeignersyesterday,twoofwhomarefromtheUS.=Imetsomeforeignersyesterday,ofwhomtwoarefromtheUS.
3)Mr.Green,forwhommoneyisnotaproblemnow,stilllivesasimplelife.
Theyarrivedatasmalltown,fromwhichitisonlyashortwaytoShanghai.
4)Hegottothestationatfiveyesterdayafternoon,bywhichtimethetrainstoBeijinghadallleft.ThisisMrBrown,bywhosecarIcametoNewYork.
(五)、几个特殊先行词后的定语从句(situation,occasion,point)
Wemaybetrappedinsuchasituationwherewehavenoonetoturnto.
(六)、as和which引导的非限定性定语从句的区别:
Manypeople,asyouknow,arelearningforeignlanguages.
Theweatherturnedoutfine,aswehadexpected.
Marydidn’tpassthedrivingtest,Whichmadeherverysad.
(七)、几组相似结构:
Iboughtthesamecoatashepresentedtoyou.(同样的)
Heisthesamepersonthatyouarelookingfor.(同一个)
TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishthatchildrencouldunderstandit.
TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishaschildrencouldunderstand.
(八)、定语从句与强调句型及其他从句的比较
ItisShanghaiwhereyouwereborn.(定)ItisinShanghaithatyouwereborn.(强)
Itwas1949whennewChinawasfounded(定)Itwasin1949thatnewChinawasfounded.(强)
Shekepteverythingwhereshecouldfindit.(状语从句)
Shanghaiistheplacewhereyouspentyourchildhood.(定语从句)
You’lltellmethenewsthatyou’vebeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(同位语从句)
You’lltellmethenewsthatcanmakemeexcited.(定语从句)
(九)、特殊定语从句及其与其他句式的对比
1.Heisoneoftheboyswhoplaythepianoverywell.
Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoplaysthepianoverywell.
2.Asisknowntous,Bellinventedthetelephone.
ItisknowntousthatBellinventedthetelephone.
3.MrWhitehasthreesons,allofwhomaredoctors.
MrWhitehasthreesons,andallofthemaredoctors.
4.ThisissotouchingastoryasIhavereadthreetimes.
ThisissotouchingastorythatIhavereadthreetimes.
六、定语从句巩固练习:
练习
(1)
1.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what
2.Markwasastudentatthisuniversit
yfrom1999to2003,______hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.
A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime
3.Iworkinabusiness______almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.
A.howB.whichC.whereD.that
4.TheEnglishplay______mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.
A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
5.NewYork,___Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inwhich
6.Icanthinkofmanycases______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where
7.GeorgeOrwell,______wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.
A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname
8.______isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremaking
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
9.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone______theycantalkfrequently.
AwhoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom
10.Anyway,thatevening,______I'lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel'splace.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which
11.Thefactory______thestudentsvisitedlastweekistheone______Ihaveworkedfortheeyears.A.that;whichB.when;inwhichC./;whereD.which;that
12.Themostimportantthing_____weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing____Ihav
esaid.
A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that
13.Theschool______myfatherteachesisaworld-famousone,______wassetup100yearsago.
A.where;whichB.which;whichC./;whereD.where;that
14.ThisisMr.Smith,__Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.whoB.whomC.thatD./
15.______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.ItB.AsC.Th
atD.What
16.---Whenwasthehousebuilt?
---Itwasbuiltin1949______thePRCwasfounded.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when
17.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.A.asB.whichC.whoD.that
18.Hehasthreebrothers,______isadoctor.
A.allofthemB.allofwhomC.noneofwhomD.bothofthem
19.Theyoungmothersawherbabyfalltotheground,______broughtherhearttohermouth.
A.itB.andthatC.andwhichD.that
20.Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
A.thatB.whatC.howD.why
21.Theplace___interestedmemostwastheGnatWall.A.inwhichB.whichC.whereD.what
22.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes______
offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar.
A.whicharenotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen
23.I'dlikeacar______frontlightsarebigandtuned
.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.ofwhich
24.Youwereveryimpolitetohim,for______youshouldmakeanapologytohim,Ithink,
A.thisB.whichC.whatD.that
25.Theartist__thejudgegaveaprizeistheteacher__Ihavebeentaughtpaintingfortwoyears.A.fromwhom;bywhomB.towhom;whoC.fromwhom;whoD.towhom;bywhom
26.Forweeksthestreethasn'tbeencleanedbythecleaners,______makesitverydirty.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.this
27.Nowteenagersliket
ogotothefastfoodrestaurants,______eatingdoesn’ttakemuchtime.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.where
28.Inmyoldsch
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