第30讲被动语态学生版A4.docx
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第30讲被动语态学生版A4.docx
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第30讲被动语态学生版A4
快学教育学科教师辅导讲义
学员姓名:
李子彦
年级:
初三
辅导科目:
初中英语
学科教师:
朱黎会
上课时间
2017-11-410:
00-12:
00
授课主题
第30讲_被动语态
知识图谱
错题回顾
被动语态
知识精讲
一、被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系,分为主动语态和被动语态两种。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用“被、受、给”等被动词来表示被动意义。
其结构是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词done”构成的。
be本身无词义,但有时态、人称和数的变化,其变化与时态中的变化一致。
各种时态的被动语态结构表(以动词do为例):
时态
被动语态
例句
一般现在时
am/is/are+done
Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.
教室被我们打扫。
一般过去时
was/were+done
Thekitewasmadebyhimyesterday.
昨天,风筝被他制作。
现在进行时
am/is/are+being+done
Flowersarebeingwateredbyher.
花儿现在正在被她浇。
现在完成时
have/has+been+done
TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.
工作已经被做完。
一般将来时
will/shall/begoingto+bedone
Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.
明天,树将被他们种。
过去进行时
was/were+being+done
Aletterwasbeingwrittenbyheratthistimeyesterday.
昨天的这个时候一封信正在被写。
过去完成时
had+been+done
TheworkhadbeenfinishedbyJim.
工作早已经被他完成了。
含有情态动词
can/may/must+be+done
Hecanbefoundbyme.
他不能被发现。
二、被动语态的用法
1.不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
例:
Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.这座桥是去年建造的。
Hewaselectedchairman.他被选为主席。
2.当更加强调动作的承受者时。
此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后,不需要时可以省略。
例:
Theroomhasn’tbeencleanedyet.房间还没有打扫。
Thetigerwaskilledbyhim.老虎被他杀死了。
3.当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态。
例:
Thewindowwasblownbywind.窗户被风吹开了。
Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
三点剖析
一、考点:
被动语态的句子结构和用法。
二、重难点:
谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义:
1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例:
Thiskindofclothwasheswell.
这种布料很好洗。
2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:
happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等,以主动形式表示被动意义。
例:
Howdothenewspaperscomeout?
这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3.系动词没有被动形式,但感官系动词feel,sound,taste,look,smell在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例:
Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。
三、易错点:
1.在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加上介词to。
例:
Thegreatnewsmadeherfeelhappy.可改为
Shewasmadetofeelhappybythegreatnews.
Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为
Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.
2.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。
其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例:
ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.
这场会议将会推迟到周五。
3.“动词+宾语+宾补”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。
例:
Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为
Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.
4.有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例:
Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为
Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.
题模精选
题模一:
主动语态变为被动语态
例1.1.1主动语态变为被动语态:
Ihaveboughtaten-speedbicycle.
____________________________________________
例1.1.2将下列句子变成被动语态。
1.Thethiefstolehiscomputerlastnight.
____________________________________________
2.Peoplegrowriceinthesouth.
____________________________________________
3.Hehasrepairedthemachinefortwohours.
____________________________________________
4.Thestudentsarecarryingoutmanyinterestingexperiencesthesedays.
___________________________________________
5.Youmustsendhimtheletteratonce.
___________________________________________
6.Peter’smotherwastellinghimafunnystoryatthattime.
___________________________________________
例1.1.3主动语态变为被动语态:
Theoldmaniswateringflowersinthegarden.
____________________________________________
例1.1.4主动语态变为被动语态:
Theboyalwaysplaysthecomputergamesatnight.
____________________________________________
题模二:
基本用法
例1.2.1Theboy_________togetsupperreadyafterschool.
A.weretold
B.istelling
C.wastold
D.tells
例1.2.2---Wow!
Yournewhouseissobeautiful!
Whendidyoubuildit?
---Nottoolong!
Myoldhouse__________oneandahalfyearsago!
A.pulleddown
B.ispulleddown
C.waspullingdown
D.waspulleddown
例1.2.3---Wow!
Yournewhouseissobeautiful!
Whendidyoubuildit?
---Nottoolong!
Myoldhouse__________oneandahalfyearsago!
A.pulleddown
B.ispulleddown
C.waspullingdown
D.waspulleddown
例1.2.4Marry,aswellasthetwinsisters,______tobetheexchangestudenttoChina.
A.choose
B.chooses
C.waschosen
D.arechosen
例1.2.5Thestudents_________howtoprotectthemselvesinclassifanearthquakehappenedyesterday.
A.teach
B.wastaught
C.hastaught
D.weretaught
例1.2.6Thesaleshowofourgovernmentcars________onPengchengSquarenextSunday.
A.isheld
B.washeld
C.willbeheld
D.hasbeenheld
例1.2.7Thesaleshowofourgovernmentcars________onPengchengSquarenextSunday.
A.isheld
B.washeld
C.willbeheld
D.hasbeenheld
例1.2.8
—Who’sthelittlebabyinthephoto,Susan?
—It’sme.Thisphoto______tenyearsago.
A.takes
B.istaken
C.took
D.wastaken
例1.2.9
—Whatatallbuildingthere!
—Itisanewhospital.It_____onlylastyear.
A.builds
B.built
C.isbuilt
D.wasbuilt
例1.2.10The7thWomen’sFootballWorldCup______sooninCanada.
A.willbeheld
B.willhold
C.holds
D.isheld
例1.2.11Manytrees_______onthehillslastyear.Andwewillplantmorethisyear.
A.plant
B.planted
C.areplanted
D.wereplanted
例1.2.12–Whichsportareyouinattheschoolsportsmeeting?
--Nodecisionyet.Ithinkit____afterdiscussingwithmyP.E.teacher.
A.willbedecided
B.willdecide
C.wasdecided
D.isdecided
例1.2.13It'sreportedthatJiangsuGrandTheatre______inSeptemberthisyear()
A.completes
B.iscompleted
C.willcomplete
D.willbecompleted
例1.2.14
Wearehappythattwonewchemistrylabs________inourschoolnextyear.
A.build
B.willbuild
C.willbebuilt
D.wasbuilt
例1.2.15Mr.Li____togiveatalkinourschoolyesterday.
A.invites
B.isinvited
C.wasinvited
D.invited
例1.2.16Theriver________bywasteproductsfromthefactory.Wecanfindnofishinit.
A.haspolluted
B.willpollute
C.hasbeenpolluted
D.willbepolluted
例1.2.17Thelovelypostcards__________toAnnlastweek.
A.send
B.sent
C.weresent
D.havesent
例1.2.18Smoking______inthekitcheninmyhouse.
A.doesn’tallow
B.didn’tallow
C.isn’tallowed
D.won’tallow
例1.2.19Thesephotos______ontheGreatWalllastweek.
A.take
B.took
C.weretaken
D.aretaken
例1.2.20Thesebeautifulphotos_______ontheGreatWalllastweek.
A.take
B.took
C.aretaken
D.weretaken
例1.2.21Thesephotos______ontheGreatWalllastweek.
A.take
B.took
C.weretaken
D.aretaken
例1.2.22A.bookfair_____inChaoyangParklastmonth.
A.hold
B.held
C.isheld
D.washeld
例1.2.23-Nobodylikes__________,soweshouldbekindtoeveryone.
-Iagreewithyou.
A.tolaugh
B.laughingat
C.tobelaughed
D.tobelaughedat
例1.2.24Justasthesayinggoes,"Atree_________byitsfruit,andamanbyitstalk."
A.knows
B.knew
C.isknown
D.wasbeingknown
例1.2.25Justasthesayinggoes,"Atree_________byitsfruit,andamanbyitstalk."
A.knows
B.knew
C.isknown
D.wasbeingknown
例1.2.26Alotofflowers__________inBeijingInternationalFlowerPorteveryyear.
A.plant
B.planted
C.areplanted
D.wereplanted
例1.2.27WhenweheardMoYan_________theNobelPrizeinliteraturein2012,weallfeltproudofhim.
A.awarded
B.isawarded
C.hasawarded
D.wasawarded
例1.2.28Thisphoto_____twentyyearsago.
A.took
B.wastaken
C.istaken
D.hastaken
例1.2.29﹣Whattools______tomakepapercutting?
﹣Scissors.()
A.areused
B.used
C.willuse
D.use
例1.2.30Ithinkthehomelesscatisquiteweak,soshe_____welllaterbyus.
A.willbelookedafter
B.hasbeenlookedafter
C.islookedafter
D.waslookedafter
例1.2.31Anewsupermarket__________inourtownlastyear.
A.built
B.wasbuilt
C.builds
D.isbuilt
例1.2.32﹣AuntLi,whoistheprettygirlinredinthepicture?
﹣It'smydaughter.Thepicture________10yearsago.()
A.took
B.istaken
C.hastaken
D.wastaken
例1.2.33Theoldshould_____________
A.betalkedpolitely
B.betalkedtopolitely
C.betalkedtopolite
D.talkedtopolite
例1.2.34Onthiswebsite,thenews_________everyhour.
A.isupdated
B.willupdate
C.updated
D.willbeundated
例1.2.35InSwitzerland,thingslikeglassandplastic()intodifferentgroupsandthenrecycled.
A.separate
B.separated
C.areseparated
D.isseparated
例1.2.36ItissaidthatanA-shapedtower____________inthecenteroftilecitynextyear.
A.builds
B.willbuild
C.willbebuilt
D.isbuilt
例1.2.37
—Teachersoftensaythatmistakesshould______intime.
—Ithinkso.It’sreallygoodadvice.
A.correct
B.becorrecting
C.havecorrected
D.becorrected
例1.2.38
—Howbeautifulthephotosare!
—Thankyou.They________bymyfatherinXiangshanParklastweek.
A.take
B.aretaken
C.weretaken
D.took
例1.2.39—Marthin,yourjob________openforyourreturn.
—Thanks.
A.willbekept
B.waskeeping
C.haskept
D.hadbeenkept
例1.2.40Moregreenparks_______inmyhometowninthefuture.
A.build
B.arebuilt
C.willbebuilt
D.willbuild
例1.2.41Moregreenparks_______inmyhometowninthefuture.
A.build
B.arebuilt
C.willbebuilt
D.willbuild
例1.2.42Theroad__________lastyear.
A.builds
B.built
C.wasbuilt
D.isbuilt
例1.2.43Theroad__________lastyear.
A.builds
B.built
C.wasbuilt
D.isbuilt
例1.2.44BothLilyandLucy______tothepartyyesterday,buttheydidn'tcomeatall.()
A.wereinvited
B.wasinvited
C.invited
例1.2.45Helen______toalanguageschoolwhenshewasseven.
A.sent
B.issent
C.wassent
D.willsend
例1.2.46Aparkherenextyear.Thenpeoplenearbycancome
forawalk.
A.willbuild
B.willbebuilt
C.h
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